RESUMO

Children are at higher risk of atelectasis due to their anatomical and physiological particularities. Several physiotherapy techniques are used to treat atelectasis, but only four studies cite methods in pediatric patients undergoing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV). The objective of this study was to evaluate the Structured Respiratory Physiotherapy Protocol (SRPP) for airway clearance and lung reexpansion for infants on IMV with atelectasis. This is a prospective study including 30 infants (mean ± standard deviation age 8.9 ± 8.0 months; weight 7.5 ± 3.0 kg; BMI 15.8 ± 1.6 kg/cm2 and IMV duration 7.7 ± 4.3 days). The sample was randomized into a Control Group (CG), which received routine physiotherapy, and an Intervention Group (IG), submitted to SRPP (postural drainage, mechanical thoracic vibration, manual hyperinflation, stretching of the accessory respiratory muscles, and functional positioning). Both groups were evaluated before and after physiotherapy for respiratory effort using the Wood Downes Score (WD) and pulmonary aeration using lung ultrasonography (Lung Ultrasound Score ‒ LUS). The outcome of the intervention was evaluated by the magnitude of the effect by the Hedges' g test [(small (0.2 < Hedges' g < 0.5), moderate (0.5 < Hedges' g < 0.8) and large (Hedges' g > 0.8) effects]. There were large within-group effects on the reduction of WD in the CG after intervention in both the CG (Hedges' g = -1.53) and IG (Hedges' g = -2.2). There was a moderate effect on LUS reduction in the CG (Hedges' g = -0.64) and a large effect on IG (Hedges' g = -1.88). This study has shown that the SRPP appears to be safe and may be effective in improving airway clearance and lung reexpansion in children on IMV with atelectasis.

Assuntos

Atelectasia Pulmonar , Respiração Artificial , Terapia Respiratória , Humanos , Atelectasia Pulmonar/terapia , Estudos Prospectivos , Lactente , Feminino , Masculino , Terapia Respiratória/métodos , Respiração Artificial/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Protocolos Clínicos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the effect of atelectasis during mechanical ventilation on the periatelectatic and normal lung regions in a model of atelectasis in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomized into the following four groups, each with 6 animals: the Saline-Control Group, Lipopolysaccharide Control Group, Saline-Atelectasis Group, and Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis Group. Acute lung injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. After 24 hours, atelectasis was induced by bronchial blocking. The animals underwent mechanical ventilation for two hours with protective parameters, and respiratory mechanics were monitored during this period. Thereafter, histologic analyses of two regions of interest, periatelectatic areas and the normally-aerated lung contralateral to the atelectatic areas, were performed. Results: The lung injury score was significantly higher in the Lipopolysaccharide Control Group (0.41 ± 0.13) than in the Saline Control Group (0.15 ± 0.51), p < 0.05. Periatelectatic regions showed higher lung injury scores than normally-aerated regions in both the Saline-Atelectasis (0.44 ± 0.06 x 0.27 ± 0.74 p < 0.05) and Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis (0.56 ± 0.09 x 0.35 ± 0.04 p < 0.05) Groups. The lung injury score in the periatelectatic regions was higher in the Lipopolysaccharide Atelectasis Group (0.56 ± 0.09) than in the periatelectatic region of the Saline-Atelectasis Group (0.44 ± 0.06), p < 0.05. Conclusion: Atelectasis may cause injury to the surrounding tissue after a period of mechanical ventilation with protective parameters. Its effect was more significant in previously injured lungs.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da atelectasia durante a ventilação mecânica nas regiões periatelectáticas e pulmonares normais em um modelo de atelectasia em ratos com lesão pulmonar aguda induzida por lipopolissacarídeo. Métodos: Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 24 ratos em quatro grupos, cada um com 6 animais: Grupo Salina-Controle, Grupo Lipopolissacarídeo-Controle, Grupo Salina-Atelectasia e Grupo Lipopolissacarídeo-Atelectasia. A lesão pulmonar aguda foi induzida por injeção intraperitoneal de lipopolissacarídeo. Após 24 horas, a atelectasia foi induzida por bloqueio brônquico. Os animais foram submetidos à ventilação mecânica por 2 horas com parâmetros ventilatórios protetores, e a mecânica respiratória foi monitorada durante esse período. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises histológicas de duas regiões de interesse: as áreas periatelectásicas e o pulmão normalmente aerado contralateral às áreas atelectásicas. Resultados: O escore de lesão pulmonar foi significativamente maior no Grupo Controle-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,41 ± 0,13) do que no Grupo Controle-Solução Salina (0,15 ± 0,51), com p < 0,05. As regiões periatelectásicas apresentaram escores maiores de lesão pulmonar do que as regiões normalmente aeradas nos Grupos Atelectasia-Solução Salina (0,44 ± 0,06 versus 0,27 ± 0,74, p < 0,05) e Atelectasia-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,56 ± 0,09 versus 0,35 ± 0,04, p < 0,05). O escore de lesão pulmonar nas regiões periatelectásicas foi maior no Grupo Atelectasia-Lipopolissacarídeo (0,56 ± 0,09) do que na região periatelectásica do Grupo Atelectasia-Solução Salina (0,44 ± 0,06), p < 0,05. Conclusão: A atelectasia pode causar lesão no tecido circundante após um período de ventilação mecânica com parâmetros ventilatórios protetores. Seu efeito foi mais significativo em pulmões previamente lesionados.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomies (RAH) require Trendelenburg positioning and pneumoperitoneum, which further accentuate alteration in respiratory mechanics induced by general anesthesia. The role of Recruitment Maneuver (RM) as a lung-protective strategy during intraoperative surgical settings has not been much studied. We planned this study to evaluate the effect of RM on perioperative oxygenation and postoperative spirometry using PaO2/FiO2 and FEV1/FVC, respectively in patients undergoing RAH. METHODS: Sixty-six ASA I‒II female patients scheduled for elective RAH were randomized into group R (recruitment maneuver, n = 33) or group C (control, n = 33). Portable spirometry was done one day before surgery. Patients were induced with general anesthesia, and mechanical ventilation started with volume control mode, with Tidal Volume (TV) of 6-8 mL.kg-1, Respiratory Rate (RR) of 12 min, inspiratory-expiratory ratio (I: E ratio) of 1:2, FiO2 of 0.4, and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Patients in group R received recruitment maneuvers of 30 cmH2O every 30 minutes following tracheal intubation. The primary objectives were comparison of oxygenation and ventilation between two groups intraoperatively and portable spirometry postoperatively. Postoperative pulmonary complications, like desaturation, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, were monitored. RESULTS: Patients who received RM had significantly higher PaO2 (mmHg) (203.2+-24.3 vs. 167.8+-27.3, p < 0.001) at T2 (30 min after the pneumoperitoneum). However, there was no significant difference in portable spirometry between the groups in the postoperative period (FVC, 1.40 ± 0.5 L vs. 1.32 ± 0.46 L, p = 0.55). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that intraoperative recruitment did not prevent deterioration of postoperative spirometry values; however, it led to improved oxygenation intraoperatively.

Assuntos

Pneumoperitônio , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Humanos , Feminino , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/efeitos adversos , Pneumoperitônio/complicações , Método Simples-Cego , Pulmão , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Período Pós-Operatório

RESUMO

Abstract Background Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomies (RAH) require Trendelenburg positioning and pneumoperitoneum, which further accentuate alteration in respiratory mechanics induced by general anesthesia. The role of Recruitment Maneuver (RM) as a lung-protective strategy during intraoperative surgical settings has not been much studied. We planned this study to evaluate the effect of RM on perioperative oxygenation and postoperative spirometry using PaO2/FiO2 and FEV1/FVC, respectively in patients undergoing RAH. Methods Sixty-six ASA I‒II female patients scheduled for elective RAH were randomized into group R (recruitment maneuver, n = 33) or group C (control, n = 33). Portable spirometry was done one day before surgery. Patients were induced with general anesthesia, and mechanical ventilation started with volume control mode, with Tidal Volume (TV) of 6-8 mL.kg−1, Respiratory Rate (RR) of 12 min, inspiratory-expiratory ratio (I: E ratio) of 1:2, FiO2 of 0.4, and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) of 5 cmH2O. Patients in group R received recruitment maneuvers of 30 cmH2O every 30 minutes following tracheal intubation. The primary objectives were comparison of oxygenation and ventilation between two groups intraoperatively and portable spirometry postoperatively. Postoperative pulmonary complications, like desaturation, pulmonary edema, pneumonia, were monitored. Results Patients who received RM had significantly higher PaO2 (mmHg) (203.2+-24.3 vs. 167.8+-27.3, p < 0.001) at T2 (30 min after the pneumoperitoneum). However, there was no significant difference in portable spirometry between the groups in the postoperative period (FVC, 1.40 ± 0.5 L vs. 1.32 ± 0.46 L, p= 0.55). Conclusion This study concluded that intraoperative recruitment did not prevent deterioration of postoperative spirometry values; however, it led to improved oxygenation intraoperatively.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Pneumoperitônio/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Período Pós-Operatório , Método Simples-Cego , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Pulmão

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is a high-frequency mechanical bronchial hygiene technique (MBHT) that favors secretion clearance and is considered an alternative to the resolution of atelectasis. This is a prospective, observational and descriptive case series study conducted between August 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2019. The study included patients younger than 18 years on ventilatory support who received at least one session of IPV in the intensive care unit. The primary objective of our study was to describe the characteristics of the population in whom we used a home IPV device as MBHT in the PICU. On a secondary level, we will describe the methodology for using this device and its results. Results: 18 patients were included; 48 IPV sessions were done. The main reason for doing IPV was the atelectasis diagnosis (83.3%). The treatment was carried out both in patients on IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation) (55.6%) and in patients with non-invasive support (44.4%), whether it was NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation) or HFNC (high-flow nasal cannula). 53.3% of the patients showed radiographic resolution of atelectasis, where 75% only required between one and two sessions to resolve it. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion: This study allows us to describe the population receiving IPV and presents a tool that could be useful for the resolution of atelectasis.

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RESUMEN La ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar (VPI) es una técnica de higiene bronquial mecánica (THBM) de alta frecuencia, que favorece la movilización de secreciones y es considerada como alternativa para la resolución de atelectasias. Estudio de serie de casos, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo entre el 1 de agosto del 2019 y el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años, con soporte ventilatorio que recibieron al menos una sesión de VPI dentro de terapia intensiva. El objetivo primario de nuestro estudio es describir las características de la población en la que se utilizó un equipo domiciliario de VPI como THBM en la UCIP. De manera secundaria describiremos la metodología de implementación del dispositivo y sus resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes y se realizaron 48 sesiones de VPI. El principal motivo para la realización de VPI fue el diagnóstico de atelectasia (83,3%). El tratamiento se realizó tanto en pacientes con VMI (ventilación mecánica invasiva) (55,6%) como en pacientes con soporte no invasivo (44,4%), ya sea VMNI (ventilación mecánica no invasiva) o CNAF (cánula nasal de alto flujo). En el 53,3% de los pacientes, se evidenció resolución radiográfica de la atelectasia, entre los cuales, el 75% solo requirió entre una y dos sesiones para resolverlas. No se observaron complicaciones graves. Conclusión: Este estudio permite describir la población en la cual se implementa VPI a la vez que presenta una herramienta que podría ser de utilidad para la resolución de atelectasias.

RESUMO

La ventilación percusiva intrapulmonar (VPI) es una técnica de higiene bronquial mecánica (THBM) de alta frecuencia, que favorece la movilización de secreciones y es considerada como alternativa para la resolución de atelectasias. Estudio de serie de casos, prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo que se llevó a cabo entre el 1 de agosto del 2019 y el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes menores de 18 años, con soporte ventilatorio que recibieron al menos una sesión de VPI dentro de terapia intensiva. El objetivo primario de nuestro estudio es describir las características de la población en la que se utilizó un equipo domiciliario de VPI como THBM en la UCIP. De manera secundaria describiremos la metodología de implementación del dispositivo y sus resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes y se realizaron 48 sesiones de VPI. El principal motivo para la realización de VPI fue el diagnóstico de atelectasia (83,3%). El tratamiento se realizó tanto en pacientes con VMI (ventilación mecánica invasiva) (55,6%) como en pacientes con soporte no invasivo (44,4%), ya sea VMNI (ventilación mecánica no invasiva) o CNAF (cánula nasal de alto flujo). En el 53,3% de los pacientes, se evidenció resolución radiográfica de la atelectasia, entre los cuales, el 75% solo requirió entre una y dos sesiones para resolverlas. No se observaron complicaciones graves. Conclusión: Este estudio permite describir la población en la cual se implementa VPI a la vez que presenta una herramienta que podría ser de utilidad para la resolución de atelectasias.

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Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation (IPV) is a high-frequency mechanical bronchial hygiene technique (MBHT) that favors secretion clearance and is considered an alterna tive to the resolution of atelectasis. This is a prospective, observational and descriptive case series study conducted be tween August 1st, 2019 and December 31st, 2019. The study included patients younger than 18 years on ventilatory support who received at least one session of IPV in the intensive care unit. The primary objective of our study was to describe the characteristics of the population in whom we used a home IPV device as MBHT in the PICU. On a secondary level, we will describe the methodology for using this device and its results. Results: 18 patients were included; 48 IPV sessions were done. The main reason for doing IPV was the atelectasis diagnosis (83.3%). The treatment was carried out both in patients on IMV (invasive mechanical ventilation) (55.6%) and in patients with non-invasive support (44.4%), whether it was NIMV (non-invasive mechanical ventilation) or HFNC (high-flow nasal cannula). 53.3% of the patients showed radiographic resolution of atelectasis, where 75% only required between one and two sessions to resolve it. No severe complications were observed. Conclusion: This study allows us to describe the population receiving IPV and presents a tool that could be useful for the resolution of atelectasis.

Assuntos

Pediatria , Modalidades de Fisioterapia

RESUMO

Introdução: Amiloidose é o termo utilizado para designar doenças que fazem deposição extracelular de proteínas fibrilares patológicas em órgãos e tecidos, podendo ser sistêmica ou restrita a um único órgão. As manifestações clínicas são diversas, como cardiomiopatia, falência renal, esplenomegalia, problemas intestinais, neuropatias, problemas pulmonares, entre outros. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de paciente com amiloidose traqueobrônquica. Metodologia: revisão de bibliografias em comparação ao relato de caso, o qual foi descrito a partir de dados retirados do prontuário e de exames complementares da paciente. Caso clínico: paciente do sexo feminino, 70 anos, procurou assistência médica por dorsalgia, apresentando também chiado, tosse seca, dispneia paroxística noturna e ortopneia. Realizou-se investigação diagnóstica durante a internação, na qual biópsia da mucosa traqueobrônquica e coleta de lavado alveolar foram positivos para o teste Vermelho Congo, o que confirmou o diagnóstico de amiloidose. A paciente, então, foi encaminhada para terapia de ablação a laser. Conclusão: portanto, diante de um paciente com quadro clínico inespecífico e suspeita diagnóstica principal de amiloidose pulmonar, é imprescindível investigar e descartar diagnósticos diferenciais como neoplasia ou discrasia de células plasmáticas. Para isso, é necessário que haja alta precisão na análise dos exames de imagem, de modo a sugerir esse diagnóstico, o qual deve ser confirmado através da fibrobroncoscopia com biópsia de tecido brônquico, que através da coloração Vermelho do Congo, evidenciará presença de substância amorfa e birrefringente, compatível com substância amiloide [au]

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Introduction: Amyloidosis is the term used to describe diseases that cause extracellular deposition of pathological fibrillar proteins in organs and tissues, which can be systemic or restricted to a single organ. The clinical manifestations are diverse, such as cardiomyopathy, renal failure, splenomegaly, intestinal problems, neuropathies, lung problems, among others. Objective: to report a clinical case of a patient with pulmonary amioloidosis. Methodology: review of bibliographies in comparison to the case report, which was described based on data taken from the patient's record and complementary exams. Clinical case: a seventy-year-old female patient sought medical assistance because of back pain, also presenting wheezing, dry cough, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and orthopnea. Diagnostic investigation was carried out during hospitalization, in which biopsy of the tracheobronchial mucosa and collection of alveolar lavage were positive for the Congo Red test,wich confirmed the amyloidosis diagnosis. The patient was then referred for laser ablation therapy.Conclusion: hence, in a patient with a nonspecific clinical presentation and main diagnostic suspicion of pulmonary amyloidosis, it is essential to investigate and rule out differential diagnoses such as malignancy or plasma cell dyscrasia. Therefore, it is necessary to use high precision in the analysis of image exams in order to suggest this diagnosis, which should be confirmed through fibrobronchoscopy with bronchial tissue biopsy, that through the Congo Red dye, will show the presence of amorphous and birefringent substance, compatible with amyloid substance [au]

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality after pulmonary resection. This study was undertaken to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in pulmonary resection patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective data gathering from 196 patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 2012 and 2016 was conducted. Demographic and hospital admission data were collected from patients with complete medical records. Univariate analysis was performed, followed by Poisson's regression for predicting the prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients (20%) displayed pulmonary complications in the postoperative period. The risk factors associated with an increased prevalence of postoperative pulmonary complications in a multivariate analysis were: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA) ≥ 3 (PR 4.77, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 1.17 to 19.46), predicted diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide - corrected single breath (PR 0.98, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99) and age of the patient (PR 1.04; p = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.06). Those associated with an increased prevalence of prolonged hospital stay were: duration of surgical procedure longer than five hours (PR 6.94, p = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.66 to 12.23), male sex (PR 5.72, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.87 to 9.58), and presence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PR 11.92, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.42 to 16.42). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications in the study population is in line with the world average. Recognizing risk factors for the development of PPCs may help optimize allocation resources and preventive efforts.

Assuntos

Pulmão , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

Evaluating the impact of lung re-expansion methods on the postoperative pulmonary function and respiratory complications such as atelectasis, pneumonia and hypoxemia in videolaparoscopy-based bariatric surgery. Prospective clinical study conducted with 105 patients randomly divided into three groups: control (conventional postoperative physical therapy), recruitment (intraoperative alveolar recruitment) and decompression (postoperative chest compression and decompression maneuver). Spirometry, respiratory and hemodynamic variables were analyzed. All groups have presented worsened values in spirometry measurements within the postoperative period (p < 0.00) and there was significant decrease in respiratory rates in comparison to the immediate preoperative period (p = 0,01). Mean end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure in the recruitment group was higher than in the control in all assessed time intervals (p = 0.03). Chest compression and decompression maneuver and alveolar recruitment were beneficial to pulmonary function recovery. There were no differences in postoperative pulmonary complications and function in the three assessed groups, except for significant decrease in respiratory rates and in the end-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure level in the recruitment group. (AU)

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Avaliar o impacto de métodos de re-expansão pulmonar na função pulmonar e incidência de complicações respiratórias como as atelectasias, pneumonias e hipoxemia no pós-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica por videolaparoscopia. Estudo clínico, prospectivo realizado com 105 pacientes, randomizado em três grupos: grupo controle (fisioterapia convencional no pós-operatório), grupo recrutamento (recrutamento alveolar no intraoperatório) e grupo descompressão (manobra de compressão e descompressão torácica no pós-operatório). Foram analisadas variáveis espirométricas, respiratórias e hemodinâmicas. No pós-operatório todos os grupos apresentaram piora nas medidas espirométricas (p < 0,00) e redução significativa da frequência respiratória quando comparado o período pré e pós-operatório imediato em todos os grupos (p = 0,01). As médias de pressão expiratória final de gás carbônico no grupo recrutamento foram maiores que no grupo controle em todos os intervalos de tempos avaliados (p = 0,03). A manobra de compressão e descompressão torácica e o recrutamento alveolar foram benéficos para a recuperação da função pulmonar. Nos três grupos avaliados não houve diferença nas complicações e função pulmonar no pós-operatório, exceto redução significativa da frequência respiratória e da pressão expiratória final de dióxido de carbono no grupo recrutamento alveolar. (AU)

Assuntos

Humanos , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Período Pós-Operatório , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Cirurgia Bariátrica

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: To determine predictors of length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to develop a risk scoring system were the objectives of this study. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 1202 patients' medical records after CABG were evaluated by a research-made checklist. Tarone-Ware test was used to determine the predictors of patients' LOS in the ICU. Cox regression model was used to determine the risk factors and risk ratios associated with ICU LOS. RESULTS: The mean ICU LOS after CABG was 55.27±17.33 hours. Cox regression model showed that having more than two chest tubes (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.005-1.287, Relative Risk [RR]=1.138), occurrence of atelectasis (95% CI 1.000-3.007, RR=1.734), and occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG (95% CI 1.428-2.424, RR=1.861) were risk factors associated with longer ICU LOS. The discrimination power of this set of predictors was demonstrated with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and it was 0.69. A simple risk scoring system was developed based on three identified predictors that can raise ICU LOS. CONCLUSION: The simple risk scoring system developed based on three identified predictors can help to plan more accurately a patient's LOS in hospital for CABG and can be useful in managing human and financial resources.

Assuntos

Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: To determine predictors of length of stay (LOS) in the intensive care unit (ICU) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to develop a risk scoring system were the objectives of this study. Methods: In this retrospective study, 1202 patients' medical records after CABG were evaluated by a research-made checklist. Tarone-Ware test was used to determine the predictors of patients' LOS in the ICU. Cox regression model was used to determine the risk factors and risk ratios associated with ICU LOS. Results: The mean ICU LOS after CABG was 55.27±17.33 hours. Cox regression model showed that having more than two chest tubes (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.005-1.287, Relative Risk [RR]=1.138), occurrence of atelectasis (95% CI 1.000-3.007, RR=1.734), and occurrence of atrial fibrillation after CABG (95% CI 1.428-2.424, RR=1.861) were risk factors associated with longer ICU LOS. The discrimination power of this set of predictors was demonstrated with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and it was 0.69. A simple risk scoring system was developed based on three identified predictors that can raise ICU LOS. Conclusion: The simple risk scoring system developed based on three identified predictors can help to plan more accurately a patient's LOS in hospital for CABG and can be useful in managing human and financial resources.

Assuntos

Humanos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Tempo de Internação

RESUMO

INTRODUÇÃO: A atelectasia pulmonar é comum em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais, principalmente pela anatomia do recém-nascido e pelas condições clínicas e patológicas a que estão expostos. OBJETIVO: Descrever a eficácia da técnica de fisioterapia respiratória de insuflação seletiva para reverter atelectasia em um único atendimento. RELATO DE CASO: Prematuro de 35 semanas de idade gestacional no sétimo dia de ventilação mecânica invasiva, apresentando quadro de atelectasia pulmonar em lobo superior direito, recebia atendimentos diários de fisioterapia respiratória. CONCLUSÃO: A reversão total da atelectasia em apenas um atendimento foi comprovada por meio radiografia de tórax imediatamente antes e depois da manobra. A paciente foi acompanhada até a alta hospitalar, não ocorrendo nenhum evento posterior de atelectasia, mesmo após a extubação.

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INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary atelectasis is common among neonatal intensive care patients, mainly due to the anatomy of the newborn and the clinical and pathological conditions that are being exposed. OBJECTIVE: Describing the effectiveness of the selective insufflation technique to reverse atelectasis in a single visit. CASE REPORT: Premature, who present pulmonary atelectasis in the upper right lobe, with a gestational age of 35 weeks, on the seventh day of invasive mechanical ventilation received daily respiratory therapy. CONCLUSION: The total reversal of atelectasis in one single visit was confirmed utilizing a chest X-ray immediately before and after the maneuver. The patient was followed up until hospital discharge, with no subsequent atelectasis event, even after extubation.

Assuntos

Atelectasia Pulmonar , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Modalidades de Fisioterapia

RESUMO

Aspiração traqueal é utilizada rotineiramente após cirurgia cardíaca para garantir adequada ventilação. OBJETIVO: Verificar se a ausência da aspiração traqueal antes da extubação em pacientes sem sinais de secreção brônquica influencia na incidência de complicações pulmonares, além de repercussões hemodinâmicas e ventilatórias do procedimento e custos. MÉTODOS: Pacientes foram avaliados entre agosto/2012 e julho/2014, divididos igualmente em Grupo ASP (aspiração traqueal prévia à extubação) e NASP (sem aspiração prévia). Foram incluídos indivíduos com: primeira cirurgia cardíaca, idade entre 18 e 75 anos, IMC ≤ 30 kg/m² e sem doença pulmonar prévia. Foram excluídos indivíduos com tempo de CEC > 120 minutos, necessidade de assistência circulatória mecânica, relação PaO2/FiO2 < 200, SpO2 < 92%, tempo de intubação > 12 horas, PAM < 60 mmHg e sinais de secreção pulmonar. Variáveis hemodinâmicas, ventilatórias, complicações pulmonares e custos hospitalares foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 228 pacientes (ASP= 114 NASP= 114). FC, PAS, PAD e PAM elevaram-se após aspiração e pós extubação nos grupos, retornando aos valores basais no decorrer do tempo. Não houve diferença estatística na FR e SpO2. Complicações pulmonares representaram 7,8%, sem diferença entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A supressão da aspiração traqueal nos pacientes em pós-operatório imediato de cirurgia cardíaca não influenciou na incidência de complicações pulmonares e evolução clínica pós-operatória. Durante aspiração, houve alterações hemodinâmicas e respiratórias, sem repercussões clínicas, porém estas mesmas alterações ocorreram no grupo NASP após extubação, em menor intensidade. Aspiração endotraqueal sem indicação mostrou-se custosa e com desperdício de tempo dos profissionais.

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Endotracheal suction is routinely used after cardiac surgery to ensure adequate ventilation. OBJECTIVE: To verify if that the absence of endotracheal suctioning before extubation in patients without signs of bronchial secretion have influence on the incidence of pulmonary complications, beyond hemodynamic and ventilatory repercussions of the procedure and costs. METHODS: Patients were evaluated between August/2012 and July/2014, divided equally into ASP Group (tracheal aspiration prior to extubation) and NASP (without prior aspiration). Individuals with: first cardiac surgery, age between 18 and 75 years, BMI ≤ 30 kg / m² and without previous lung disease were included. Individuals with ECC time > 120 minutes, need for mechanical circulatory assistance, PaO2 / FiO2 ratio <200, SpO2 <92%, intubation time> 12 hours, MBP <60 mmHg and signs of pulmonary secretion were excluded. Hemodynamic, ventilatory variables, pulmonary complications and hospital costs were assessed. RESULTS: 228 patients were analyzed (ASP = 114 NASP = 114). HR, SBP, DBP and MBP increased after aspiration and post extubation in the groups, returning to baseline values over time. There was no statistical difference in RR and SpO2. Pulmonary complications accounted for 7.8%, with no difference between groups. CONCLUSION: The suppression of tracheal suctioning in patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery did not influence the incidence of pulmonary complications and postoperative clinical evolution. During aspiration, there were hemodynamic and respiratory changes, with no clinical repercussions, but these same changes occurred in the NASP group after extubation, to a lesser extent. Endotracheal suctioning

Assuntos

Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardiovasculares , Especialidade de Fisioterapia

RESUMO

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To investigate the use of Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) in morbidly obese individuals in two moments following bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass): post-anesthetic recovery (PAR) and first postoperative day (1PO). DESIGN Randomized and blinded clinical trial. METHODS We studied 40 morbidly obese individuals aged between 25 and 55 years who underwent pulmonary function test and chest X-ray preoperatively, and on the day of discharge (2nd day after surgery). They were randomly allocated into two groups: PAR-G (BiPAP in PAR for one hour), and 1PO-G (BIPAP for one hour on the 1PO). RESULTS In the PAR-G and 1PO-G, respectively there were significant reductions in slow vital capacity (SVC) (p=0.0007 vs. p<0.0001), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) (p=0.0016 vs. p=0.0026), and forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.0013 vs. p<0.0001) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) was maintained only for the PAR-G (p=0.4446 vs. p=0.0191). Comparing the groups, the SVC (p=0.0027) and FVC (p=0.0028) showed a significant difference between the treatments, while the PAR-G showed smaller declines in these capacities. The prevalence of atelectasis was 10% for the PAR-G and 30% for the 1PO-G (p=0.0027). CONCLUSION Thus, the use of BiPAP in PAR can promote restoration of ERV and contribute to the reduction of atelectasis.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar o uso da pressão positiva em dois níveis nas vias aéreas (BiPAP) em obesos mórbidos em dois momentos após a cirurgia bariátrica (bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux): recuperação pós-anestésica (RPA) e primeiro dia de pós-operatório (1PO). DESENHO Ensaio clínico randomizado e cego. MÉTODO Foram estudados 40 obesos mórbidos, com idade entre 25 e 55 anos, submetidos à prova de função pulmonar e radiografia de tórax no pré-operatório e no dia da alta (segundo dia de pós-operatório). Eles foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: G-RPA (BiPAP na RPA por uma hora) e G-1PO (BiPAP por uma hora no 1PO). RESULTADOS No G-RPA e G-1PO, respectivamente, houve reduções significativas na capacidade vital lenta (CVL) (p=0,0007 vs p<0,0001), volume de reserva inspiratório (VRI) (p=0,0016 vs p=0,0026) e capacidade vital forçada (CVF) (p=0,0013 vs p<0,0001). O volume de reserva expiratório (VRE) foi mantido apenas para o G-RPA (p=0,4446 vs p=0,0191). Comparando os grupos, a CVL (p=0,0027) e a CVF (p=0,0028) apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos e o G-RPA apresentou menores declínios nessas capacidades. A prevalência de atelectasia foi de 10% para o G-RPA e 30% para o 1PO-G (p=0,0027). CONCLUSÃO O uso de BiPAP na RPA pode promover uma restauração do VRE e contribuir para a redução de atelectasias.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Período Pós-Operatório , Atelectasia Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Espirometria , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Método Simples-Cego , Capacidade Vital , Volume de Reserva Expiratória , Prevalência , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência e as características de atelectasias, opacidades, hipotransparências e infiltrados pulmonares evidenciados ao raio X de tórax dos recém-nascidos prematuros, de uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional transversal. No período de agosto a dezembro de 2017 foram analisadas todas as radiografias de tórax de recém-nascidos. Foram incluídas no estudo as radiografias de tórax de recém-nascidos prematuros com idade gestacional até 36 semanas, no período neonatal que apresentassem alterações evidentes na imagem ou suspeita de alterações, que fossem confirmadas após laudo do médico radiologista. As alterações radiológicas foram associadas com possíveis fatores predisponentes. Resultados: No período, foram realizadas 450 radiografias nos recém-nascidos prematuros, sendo que, em 37, foram descritas quatro alterações: 12 (2,66%) descritas como opacidades, 11 (2,44%) como atelectasias, 10 (2,22%) como infiltrados pulmonares e 4 (0,88%) como hipotransparências. Observou-se maior ocorrência das atelectasias no pulmão direito (81,8%). Dentre as radiografias com alterações, 25 (67,6%) recém-nascidos estavam sob o uso da ventilação mecânica invasiva. Conclusão: Considerando o laudo radiológico, as alterações observadas têm ocorrências sem diferença estatisticamente significante. A atelectasia não foi a alteração mais encontrada. Os fatores que podem ter predisposto ao aparecimento das alterações foram a prematuridade extrema, o baixo peso, o sexo masculino, o mal posicionamento da cânula endotraqueal e o uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the occurrence and characteristics of atelectasis, opacities, hypolucency and pulmonary infiltrates observed on chest X-rays of preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. From August to December 2017, all chest radiographs of newborn infants were analyzed. The study included the chest radiographs of preterm neonates with gestational ages up to 36 weeks in the neonatal period that showed clear changes or suspected changes, which were confirmed after a radiologist's report. Radiological changes were associated with possible predisposing factors. Results: During the study period, 450 radiographs were performed on preterm neonates, and 37 lung changes were identified and classified into 4 types: 12 (2.66%) changes were described as opacities, 11 (2.44%) were described as atelectasis, 10 (2.22%) were described as pulmonary infiltrate, and 4 (0.88%) were described as hypolucency. A higher occurrence of atelectasis was noted in the right lung (81.8%). Among the abnormal radiographs, 25 (67.6%) newborn infants were receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Considering the radiological report, no significance was found for the observed changes. Atelectasis was not the most frequently observed change. The predisposing factors for these changes were extreme prematurity, low weight, male sex, a poorly positioned endotracheal tube and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Atelectasia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Radiografia Torácica , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Las maniobras de reclutamiento alveolar (MRA) son importantes para revertir la formación de atelectasias perioperatorias; no obstante, su realización está sujeta a cambios hemodinámicos significativos. El presente estudio evaluó el efecto de dos protocolos cíclicos de reclutamiento alveolar, mediante el incremento de la presión positiva al final de la espiración (PEEP), sobre tres parámetros de monitoreo, a saber: el gradiente de temperatura centro periférico (GT), el tiempo de relleno capilar (TRC) y la oximetría de pulso (SpO2), en 28 perros anestesiados. Los animales, se asignaron aleatoriamente en tres grupos, según la MRA a realizar, así: grupo 1, protocolo corto (PC) reclutado con PEEP de 10cmH2O; grupo 2, protocolo largo (PL) reclutado con PEEP de 20mH2O y grupo 3, protocolo control (PCo) ventilado con PEEP de 0cmH2O. Los parámetros de monitoreo fueron evaluados para cada maniobra en cuatro tiempos: T1 (basal en pre-anestesia), T2 (pre-reclutamiento), T3 (30min post-maniobra) y T4 (60min post-maniobra). En el T2, los valores de TRC presentaron una disminución significativa (p<0,05), respecto al tiempo basal. Posteriormente, en el T3, se evidenció una disminución estadísticamente significativa del GT para el grupo PC frente a los demás tratamientos; en el T4, el TRC presentó una disminución estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) para el PL frente a los demás tratamientos. Se sugiere que, de acuerdo con los resultados encontrados, el protocolo de ventilación con incrementos de PEEP de hasta 20cmH2O es la MRA de elección, al no producir alteraciones de importancia clínica en los parámetros microcirculatorios evaluados.

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ABSTRACT Alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARM) are important in reversing the formation of perioperative atelectasis; however, its performance is subject to significant hemodynamic changes. The present study evaluated the effect of two cyclic alveolar recruitment protocols, by increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), on three parameters of microcirculatory monitoring in 28 anesthetized dogs. Animals were randomly assigned to one of three groups, according to the ARM to be performed, thus: Group 1, short protocol (SP) recruited with PEEP of 10cmH2O; Group 2, long protocol (LP) recruited with PEEP of 20cmH2O; and Group 3, control protocol (CoP) ventilated with PEEP of 0cmH2O. For each maneuver, the central-peripheral temperature gradient (TG), capillary refill time (CRT) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were evaluated, in four times namely: T1 (Pre-anesthesia), T2 (pre-recruitment), T3 (30 min post-maneuver) and T4 (60 min post-maneuver). In T2, CRT values showed a significant decrease (p<0.05), with respect to baseline time. Subsequently, in the T3, a significant statistical decrease of the TG for the SP group was evident compared to the other treatments; while in the T4 the CRT presented a significant decrease (p<0.05) for LP group versus the other treatments. It is suggested that under the conditions presented here, the protocol of ventilation with PEEP increments of up to 20cmH2O is the ARM of choice as it does not produce alterations of clinical importance in the microcirculatory parameters evaluated.

RESUMO

Las atelectasias, como consecuencia del proceso anestésico, son un hallazgo frecuente en los estudios imaginológicos obtenidos en la población pediátrica. La correcta identificación de las atelectasias y su asociación causal con la anestesia evita el sobrediagnóstico y la exposición innecesaria a radiación en estos pacientes. Se presentan dos casos de atelectasias asociadas a anestesia con intubación orotraqueal en imágenes de pacientes pediátricos del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio durante el último año, comparadas con imágenes de tórax de los mismos pacientes bajo sedación o despiertos.

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Atelectasis, as a consequence of the anaesthetic process, is a frequent finding in imaging studies obtained in the paediatric population. The correct identification of atelectasis and its causal association with anesthesia avoids overdiagnosis and unnecessary exposure to radiation in these patients. We present two cases of atelectasis associated with anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, found in chest images of pediatric patients at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio during the last year, and compare them with their images obtained under sedation or awake.

Assuntos

Humanos , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Anestesia

RESUMO

Ameloblastoma is an uncommon and locally aggressive, benign, odontogenic tumor, with local recurrence when not adequately excised. A rare variant of this neoplasm with the benign features but accompanied with metastases has been described. This rare variant is malignant ameloblastoma and is known to have a poor prognosis. We present the case of a young woman who had recurrent mandibular tumors, which were resected twice and histologically reported as ameloblastoma. Four years later, she presented with pulmonary metastasis and atelectasis. A review of the literature on this very rare neoplasm was also performed.

Assuntos

Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Ameloblastoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares , Autopsia , Ameloblastoma/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos , Evolução Fatal , Doenças Raras/diagnóstico

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary impairment is a common complication after coronary artery bypass graft procedure and may be prevented or treated by noninvasive ventilation. Recruitment maneuvers include sustained airway pressure with high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with hypoxemia, favoring homogeneous pulmonary ventilation and oxygenation. This study aimed to evaluate whether noninvasive ventilation with recruitment maneuver could safely improve oxygenation in patients with atelectasis and hypoxemia who underwent a coronary artery bypass grafting procedure. METHODS: Thirty-four patients admitted to our intensive care unit undergoing mechanical ventilation after surgery, with ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen < 300 and radiologic atelectasis score ≥2, were included. The control group consisted of 16 randomized patients and the recruitment group consisted of 18 patients. After extubation, noninvasive ventilation was applied for 30 minutes 3 times a day with positive end-expiratory pressure of 8 cm H2O. The recruitment group received recruitment maneuver with positive end-expiratory pressure of 15 cm H2O and 20 cm H2O for 2 minutes each during noninvasive ventilation. We analyzed the arterial oxygen partial pressure in room air, radiologic atelectasis score, hemodynamic stability, and adverse events from extubation until discharge. RESULTS: Arterial oxygen partial pressure increased 12.6% ± 6.8% in the control group and 23.3% ± 8.5% in the recruitment group (P < .001). The radiologic atelectasis score was completely improved for 94.4% of the recruitment group with no adverse events, whereas 87.5% of the control group presented some atelectasis (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive ventilation with recruitment maneuvers is safe, improves oxygenation, and reduces atelectasis in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass.

Assuntos

Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Hipóxia/terapia , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Ventilação não Invasiva/métodos , Atelectasia Pulmonar/terapia , Ventilação Pulmonar , Idoso , Extubação , Brasil , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hipóxia/etiologia , Hipóxia/mortalidade , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Intubação Intratraqueal , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ventilação não Invasiva/efeitos adversos , Oxigênio/sangue , Pressão Parcial , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiologia , Atelectasia Pulmonar/mortalidade , Atelectasia Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the radiological aspects of pulmonary atelectasis in newborns on mechanical ventilation and treated in an intensive care unit, associating the characteristics of atelectasis with the positioning of the head and endotracheal tube seen on the chest X-ray, as well as with the clinical variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 60 newborns treated between 1985 and 2015. Data were collected from medical records and radiology reports. To identify associations between variables, we used Fisher's exact test. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics associated with improper positioning of the endotracheal tube were prematurity and a birth weight of less than 1000 g. Among the newborns evaluated, the most common comorbidity was hyaline membrane disease. Atelectasis was seen most frequently in the right upper lobe, although cases of total atelectasis were more common in the left lung. Malpositioning of the head showed a trend toward an association with atelectasis in the left upper lobe. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary atelectasis is a common complication in newborns on mechanical ventilation. Radiological evaluation of the endotracheal tube placement provides relevant information for the early correction of this condition.