RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this scoping review are to assess the literature investigating the association between cash transfer programs and oral health; and to identify the theoretical frameworks applied to guide this literature. METHODS: A search strategy to identify studies published until December 2020 was applied to a range of databases. Observational and interventional studies that had cash transfer programs as exposure/intervention and oral health as outcome were considered. Dental health services utilization, as well as access to dental health services, were considered secondary outcomes. Cash transfer programs were considered programs based on conditional or unconditional cash transfer carried out as part of national social protection schemes, and interventional studies on the impact of cash transfer on oral health were also considered eligible. Data charting was performed in two steps and a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS: Of 6344 articles identified, four articles were included. These articles investigated three different conditional cash transfer programs, Universal Child Allowance (Argentina), Bolsa Família (Brazil) and Family Rewards (USA). Inconsistencies were identified in findings on the effect of conditional cash transfer programs on the prevalence of dental caries and these differences may be due to the comparison group selected for each study. Concerning dental visits, the results point in different directions, which makes these findings still inconclusive. No explicit theoretical framework was reported in the articles to guide the expected association. CONCLUSION: Although cash transfers play an important role in improving certain health outcomes, there is limited evidence to suggest an association between cash transfers and oral health.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Saúde Bucal , Criança , Humanos , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objective: To assess the effect of coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on oral cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 2005 and 2017, adjusting for health care coverage and socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian federative units. Methods: This is an ecological study using annual data (2005-2017) from all the Brazilian federative units. The dependent variable for this study was the oral cancer mortality rate, standardized by gender and age using the direct standardization technique. BFP coverage was the main independent variable, calculated as the ratio of the number of BFP beneficiaries to those families that should potentially be entitled to this conditional cash transfer. Socioeconomic background and health care coverage were covariables. Choropleth maps were drawn, and space-time cube analysis was used to assess changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of BFP and oral cancer mortality rates. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis estimated the coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BFP coverage and oral cancer mortality rates. Results: BFP coverage trends increased and oral cancer mortality rate trends stabilized in Brazilian federative units, except for Maranhão, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, where the oral cancer mortality rates have increased. In the adjusted model, greater BFP coverage was associated with lower oral cancer mortality rates (ß -2.10; 95% CI [-3.291, -0.919]). Conclusions: Egalitarian strategies such as BFP can reduce the oral cancer mortality rate. We recommend the follow-up of families benefiting from conditional cash transfer program by oral health teams to reduce the oral cancer mortality rate.
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Introdução: o desenvolvimento dos saberes dos enfermeiros e da especialização assistencial tornaram necessária, nos finais do século XIX, a formação formal de enfermeiros e enfermagem em escolas. Objetivo: analisar as influências e linhas evolutivas das escolas de enfermeiros e de enfermagem, em Coimbra Portugal, de 1881 a 2021. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com análise histórica partindo de fontes publicadas, e do arquivo histórico da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, considerando os contextos e as linhas evolutivas de longa duração, construindo uma síntese interpretativa. Resultados: a primeira escola é criada em 1881, em linhas evolutivas até aos dias de hoje onde identificamos doze designações entre escolas públicas e privadas. Conclusão: as escolas pioneiras tem influência francesa, com interação entre as várias existentes, evoluindo no tempo para a concentração numa única escola atual robusta e de expressão nacional e internacional.
Introduction: the development of nurses' knowledge and care specialization made it necessary, in the late nineteenth century, to formally train nurses and nursing in schools. Objectives: to study the influences and evolutionary lines of nursing and nursing schools, in Coimbra Portugal, from 1881 to 2021. Methodology: historical analysis based on published sources, and the historical archive of the Nursing School of Coimbra, considering the contexts and long-term evolutionary lines, building an interpretive synthesis. Results: the first school appears in 1881, along evolutionary lines until today, where we have identified twelve designations between public and private schools. Conclusion: the schools emerge from French influence, with interaction between the various existing ones, evolving over time to the concentration in a single robust school with national and international expression.
Introducción: el desarrollo del conocimiento y la especialización del cuidado de los enfermeros hizo necesaria, a fines del siglo XIX, la formación formal de enfermeros y enfermeras en las escuelas. Objetivo: analizar las influencias y líneas evolutivas de las escuelas de enfermeras y enfermería, en Coimbra - Portugal, desde 1881 hasta 2021. Metodología: estudio cualitativo con análisis histórico basado en fuentes publicadas y el archivo histórico de la Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, considerando los contextos y líneas evolutivas de largo plazo, construyendo una síntesis interpretativa. Resultados: la primera escuela fue creada en 1881, en líneas evolutivas hasta la actualidad donde identificamos doce denominaciones entre escuelas públicas y privadas. Conclusión: las escuelas pioneras tienen una influencia francesa, con interacción entre las diversas existentes, evolucionando en el tiempo para enfocarse en una sola escuela robusta actual con expresión nacional e internacional.
Assuntos
História do Século XX , Instituições Acadêmicas , História da Enfermagem , Assistência Pública , Escolas de Enfermagem , Educação , HospitaisRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the time to diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer and the associated factors, according to the type of care (public vs. private). Methodology: Retrospective cohort study with 477 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2014 and 2016. Data were collected in an oncology service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, in the 2018-2019 period. Analyzes were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox's proportional regression model. Results: The median time to diagnosis was 70 days, being shorter for women who discovered the disease through screening tests and who were diagnosed in early stages of the disease. The median time for treatment was 32 days, which was shorter for women assisted by private health service, with a high level of education and who were diagnosed in early stages. Conclusions: Private care and facilitators of access to breast cancer care were associated with shorter waiting times.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el tiempo de diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama y los factores asociados, según el tipo de assistência (pública vs. privada). Metodología: Cohorte retrospectiva con 477 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama entre 2014-2016. Los datos fueron recolectados en un servicio de oncología de Minas Gerais, en el período 2018-2019. Los análisis se realizaron mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y el modelo de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Mediana de tiempo para el diagnóstico fue de 70 días - menor para las que descubrieron la enfermedad mediante pruebas de detección y que fueron diagnosticadas en etapas tempranas. Mediana de tiempo para tratamiento fue de 32 días - menor para las atendidas por la red privada, con alto nivel educativo y diagnosticadas en etapas tempranas. Conclusiones: Asistencia en la red privada y facilitadores de acceso a la atención del cáncer de mama asociados a tiempos de espera más cortos.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o tempo para o diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de mama e os fatores associados, segundo o tipo de assistência (pública vs. privada). Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva com 477 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama entre 2014-2016. Os dados foram coletados em um serviço de oncologia de um município de Minas Gerais, entre 2018-2019. As análises foram realizadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e pelo modelo de regressão de Cox. Resultados: O tempo mediano para diagnóstico foi de 70 dias, sendo menor para aquelas que descobriram a doença por exames de rastreamento e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. O tempo mediano para o tratamento foi de 32 dias, sendo menor para as mulheres assistidas pela rede privada, com alta escolaridade e diagnosticadas em estádios iniciais. Conclusões: Assistência na rede privada e facilitadores do acesso ao cuidado do câncer de mama associaram-se a menores tempos de espera.
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ABSTRACT Objective. To assess the effect of coverage of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) on oral cancer mortality rates in Brazil between 2005 and 2017, adjusting for health care coverage and socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian federative units. Methods. This is an ecological study using annual data (2005-2017) from all the Brazilian federative units. The dependent variable for this study was the oral cancer mortality rate, standardized by gender and age using the direct standardization technique. BFP coverage was the main independent variable, calculated as the ratio of the number of BFP beneficiaries to those families that should potentially be entitled to this conditional cash transfer. Socioeconomic background and health care coverage were covariables. Choropleth maps were drawn, and space-time cube analysis was used to assess changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of BFP and oral cancer mortality rates. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis estimated the coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BFP coverage and oral cancer mortality rates. Results. BFP coverage trends increased and oral cancer mortality rate trends stabilized in Brazilian federative units, except for Maranhão, Goiás, and Minas Gerais, where the oral cancer mortality rates have increased. In the adjusted model, greater BFP coverage was associated with lower oral cancer mortality rates (β -2.10; 95% CI [-3.291, -0.919]). Conclusions. Egalitarian strategies such as BFP can reduce the oral cancer mortality rate. We recommend the follow-up of families benefiting from conditional cash transfer program by oral health teams to reduce the oral cancer mortality rate.
RESUMEN Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la cobertura del Programa Bolsa Família (BFP) en las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal en Brasil entre el 2005 y el 2017, ajustadas por cobertura de atención de salud y características socioeconómicas de las unidades federativas brasileñas. Métodos. Este es un estudio ecológico con datos anuales (2005-2017) de todas las unidades federativas brasileñas. La variable dependiente de este estudio fue la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal, estandarizada por sexo y edad mediante la técnica de estandarización directa. La cobertura del BFP fue la principal variable independiente, calculada como la relación entre el número de beneficiarios del BFP y las familias que podrían tener el derecho a recibir esta transferencia monetaria condicionada. Los antecedentes socioeconómicos y la cobertura de atención de salud fueron covariables. Se trazaron mapas coropléticos y se realizó un análisis con cubos espaciotemporales para evaluar los cambios en la distribución espaciotemporal del BFP y las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal. El análisis de regresión lineal de efectos mixtos calculó los coeficientes (β) y los intervalos de confianza (IC) del 95% para la relación entre la cobertura del BFP y las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal. Resultados. Las tendencias de cobertura del BFP aumentaron y las tendencias de la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal se estabilizaron en las unidades federativas brasileñas, excepto en Maranhão, Goiás y Minas Gerais, donde estas tasas aumentaron. En el modelo ajustado, una mayor cobertura del BFP se asoció con tasas más bajas de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal (β -2,10; IC del 95% [-3,291, -0,919]). Conclusiones. Las estrategias igualitarias como el BFP pueden reducir la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal. Recomendamos el seguimiento por parte de los equipos de salud bucodental de las familias que se benefician del programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas para reducir la tasa de mortalidad por cáncer de la cavidad bucal.
RESUMO Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito da cobertura do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) sobre as taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal no Brasil entre 2005 e 2017, com ajuste para a cobertura de saúde e as características socioeconômicas das unidades federativas brasileiras. Métodos. Este é um estudo ecológico com base em dados anuais (2005-2017) de todas as unidades federativas brasileiras. A variável dependente foi a taxa de mortalidade por câncer bucal, padronizada por sexo e idade pela técnica de padronização direta. A cobertura do PBF foi a principal variável independente, calculada como a razão entre o número de beneficiários do PBF e de famílias que deveriam ter direito a essa transferência condicionada de renda. O contexto socioeconômico e a cobertura de saúde foram covariáveis. Elaboraram-se mapas coropléticos e usou-se a análise de cubo espaço-temporal para avaliar variações da distribuição espaço-temporal do PBF e das taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal. A análise por regressão linear de efeitos mistos estimou os coeficientes (β) e intervalos de confiança (IC) de 95% da associação entre cobertura do PBF e taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal. Resultados. Houve aumento da tendência de cobertura do PBF e estabilização da tendência da taxa de mortalidade por câncer bucal nas unidades federativas brasileiras, com exceção dos estados de Maranhão, Goiás e Minas Gerais, onde as taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal aumentaram. No modelo ajustado, a maior cobertura do PBF foi associada a menores taxas de mortalidade por câncer bucal (β -2,10; IC 95% [-3,291, -0,919]). Conclusões. Estratégias igualitárias como o PBF podem reduzir a taxa de mortalidade por câncer bucal. Recomendamos o acompanhamento das famílias beneficiadas por programas de transferência condicionada de renda por equipes de saúde bucal para reduzir a taxa de mortalidade por esse câncer.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To examine parental beliefs and logistical challenges to early childhood vaccination completion as well as opportunities to support improved vaccine uptake among families experiencing homelessness. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February 2018 and October 2019 with parents of children ages 19-35 months old experiencing homelessness. Participants were recruited from 10 locations that serve families experiencing homelessness in Washington, DC and by referral from other participants. Vaccination records were obtained from health care providers to determine the child's up-to-date (UTD) status with a combined 7-vaccine series. RESULTS: Of 135 children of participants, only 69 (51.1%) were UTD. Most participants had at least 1 concern about childhood vaccines and at least 1 logistical barrier to completing vaccination (57% and 85.9%, respectively). The most frequent barriers were getting a convenient appointment time (46.3%), remembering appointments (44.8%), and commuting to appointments (44.4%). Although only 53.3% of the participants' children attended a licensed daycare center and only 43.7% received benefits from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), use of either of these programs that routinely assess vaccination status was associated with over 3 times higher adjusted odds of being UTD (aOR 3.4, 95% CI 1.6-7.3, and aOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.4-6.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Logistical barriers to accessing primary care services are common among children experiencing homelessness, underscoring the importance of health care providers offering vaccines at every opportunity. Government-regulated programs are useful for promoting vaccination, and enrollment should be encouraged because many children experiencing homelessness may not access them.
Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Esquemas de Imunização , Pais , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , District of Columbia , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O Plano Nacional de Saúde no Sistema Penitenciário (PNSSP) tem como meta incluir a população penitenciária no SUS, garantindo que o direito à cidadania se efetive na perspectiva dos direitos humanos. Assim, objetivamos analisar a efetividade do PNSSP junto à população carcerária masculina, em nível da atenção primária à saúde no município de Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. Como resultado, observamos que as ações desenvolvidas se resumem a atividades de recuperação da saúde, modelo que reduz o cuidado de saúde ao diagnóstico e tratamento das doenças, o que não prioriza as atividades voltadas à promoção, prevenção, proteção e reabilitação da saúde dos homens privados de liberdade. Evidencia-se a necessidade de efetivação do PNSSP no município de Caraúbas, bem como maior contato entre o poder judiciário e a gestão municipal de saúde, demonstrando o desafio de efetivar a atenção básica em saúde para a população penitenciária.
The National Health Plan in Prisons (PNSSP) aims to include the inmate population on SUS, ensuring that the rights of citizenship becomes effective, according to the perspective of the human rights. Thereby, we aimed to analyze the effectiveness of PNSSP with the male inmates on the level of the primary healthcare in the city of Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. As result, we found out that the actions taken are just summarizing the activities of health recovery model, what reduces healthcare to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, which does not prioritize activities focused on promotion, prevention, protection and rehabilitation of the inmates. This study highlights the needs for making PNSSP stronger on the city of Caraúbas and for a bigger connection between the judiciary and city health care management, and, finally, shows the challenge of making effective basic healthcare to the prison population.
El Plan Nacional de Salud en las Prisiones (PNSSP) tiene como objetivo incluir la población penitenciaria en el SUS, asegurándole el derecho a la ciudadanía.. Por lo tanto, el objetivo era analizar la eficacia de PNSSP en la población penal masculina, a nivel de la atención primaria de salud en la ciudad de Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. Como resultado se encontró que las medidas adoptadas se resumen a las actividades del modelo de recuperación que reduce el cuidado médico al diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades, que no da prioridad a las actividades destinadas a la promoción, prevención, protección y rehabilitación de los hombres privados de libertad. Este estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de realización de la municipalidad de PNSSP en Caraúbas y el máximo contacto entre el poder judicial y la salud municipal, demostrando el reto de llevar a cabo la atención básica de salud a la población recluida.
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População , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Prisões , Atenção à Saúde , Saúde do HomemRESUMO
Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico sobre uso de prótese adesiva para reabilitação bucal em serviço público odntológico. Métodos: Foram confeccionados pônticos da prótese adesiva com resina composta reforçada por fibra de vidro para substituir dentes ântero-superiores, perdidos em paciente atendida na clínica odontológica da escola Sotero dos Reis, integrante do Programa Saúde na Escola. Resultados: Dentro das limitações de uma instituição pública, foi possível realizar um procedimento clínico, houve o restabelecimento da função, estética e a inclusão social da paciente.
Objective: To present a clinical case report about using adhesive prosthesis for mouth rehabilitation in public dental assistance. Methods: Pontics of adhesive prosthesis were placed in patient utilizing direct resin-bonded fibrereinforced composite for maxillary central anterior teeth replacement. The study was held at the dental clinics of Sotero dos Reis School Health Program. Results: Within the limitations of public service, it was possible to perform oral rehabilitation satisfactory. Conclusion: This clinical procedure was viewed as a simple means of allowing the function, aesthetic and social patient's inclusion.
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Assistência Pública , Prótese Dentária , Reabilitação BucalRESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade do atendimento, pela percepção dos usuários e gestores municipais de saúde (prefeitos, secretários de saúde e triadores). Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal e descritivo. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 359 usuários e 48 gestores. O atendimento médico foi considerado ótimo por 79,6 por cento dos usuários, por 93,7 por cento dos prefeitos, por 87,5 por cento dos secretários de saúde e por 100 por cento dos triadores. O pessoal de enfermagem foi considerado ótimo por 75,7 por cento dos usuários, 93,8 por cento dos prefeitos, 75,0 por cento dos secretários de saúde e por 100 por cento dos triadores. A recepção recebeu avaliação ótima de 73,8 por cento dos usuários e 93,8 por cento dos triadores. Conclusão: O modelo de atendimento da Clínica Oftalmológica de Divinolândia obteve alta satisfação tanto dos usuários como dos gestores.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the assistance quality through the perception of the users and municipal health managers (mayors, health secretaries and screening team). Methods: A transversal and descriptive study was carried out. Results: The sample was comprised by 359 users and 48 managers. Medical assistance was considered excellent by 79.6 percent of the users, 93.7 percent of the managers, 87.5 percent of the health secretaries and 100 percent of the screening team. Reception received a great evaluation by 73.8 percent of the users and 93.8 percent of the selectors. Conclusion: The assistance model used at the Ophthalmologic Clinic of Divinolândia obtained a high level of satisfaction pleasing both users and managers.
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Humanos , Administradores de Instituições de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Oftalmologia/normas , Satisfação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Objective: To investigate, with a qualitative approach, the role of Obstetric Nurses at the primary level of care given to women's health as a vital component of the multidisciplinary team, which today is fundamental for providing care, prevention as well as health education and promotion, especially in programs whose activities are geared towards primary care of pregnant, parturient, and puerpera women. Methods: Brazilian laws and the determinations of Nursing Councils in reference to the activities of the obstetric nurse were researched, including the nurse's responsibilities and limits. The bibliographic search was conducted in health-related journals, lay publications, and the Internet. Results: The conflicts between professional physicians and nurses were discussed. Conclusions: It was concluded that the activities of the nurse, conducting low-risk prenatal clinical visits in the basic healthcare network, has legal and ethical support and provides true benefit to the clients.
Objetivo: Pesquisar com abordagem qualitativa o papel da atuação do Enfermeiro Obstetra no nível primário de atenção à saúde da mulher, como componente importante da equipe multidisciplinar, hoje fundamental para o acolhimento, educação, prevenção e promoção em saúde, particularmente nos programas em que a ação se refere ao atendimento primário, cujo exemplo marcante é a atenção à gestante, parturiente e puérpera. Métodos: Pesquisaram-se as leis brasileiras e as determinações dos Conselhos de Enfermagem referentes à atuação do enfermeiro obstetra, suas competências e limites. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita em revistas da área de saúde, publicações leigas escritas e na internet. Resultados: Discutiram-se os conflitos entre profissionais médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a atuação do enfermeiro, realizando consultas de pré-natal de baixo risco na rede básica de saúde, tem amparo legal e ético, com real benefício à clientela.
Assuntos
Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Enfermagem Obstétrica , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Assistência PúblicaRESUMO
"Using a unique 1994 Los Angeles County Household Survey of foreign-born Mexicans and the March 1994 and 1995 Current Population Surveys, we estimate the number of unauthorized Mexican immigrants (UMIs) residing in Los Angeles County, and compare their use of seven welfare programs with that of other non-U.S. citizens and U.S. citizens. Non-U.S. citizens were found to be no more likely than U.S. citizens to have used welfare, and UMIs were 11% (14%) less likely than other non-citizens (U.S.-born citizens).... We demonstrate how results differ depending on the unit of analysis employed, and on which programs constitute ¿welfare'."
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Emigração e Imigração , Etnicidade , Assistência Pública , Seguridade Social , Migrantes , América , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Administração Financeira , Financiamento Governamental , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Pesquisa , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PIP: This document contains major provisions of the constitution adopted by Brazil on 5 October 1988. This constitution seeks to promote the welfare of all citizens without discrimination. The equality of all citizens is guaranteed, and the equal rights of women are specifically mentioned. Property rights are also guaranteed and defined. Female inmates are granted the right to remain with their children while breast feeding. Workers are guaranteed a minimum wage, a family allowance for dependents, maternity/paternity leave, specific incentives to protect the labor market for women, retirement benefits, free day care for preschool-age children, pay equity, and equal rights between tenured and sporadically employed workers. Agrarian reform provisions are given, including the authority to expropriate land. Social and economic policies to promote health are called for, and public health services are to be decentralized, to be integrated, and to foster community participation. Pension plan and social assistance provisions are outlined as are duties of the state in regard to education. The amount of money to be dedicated to education is set out, and a national educational plan is called for to achieve such goals as the eradication of illiteracy, the universalization of school attendance, the improvement of instruction, and the provision of vocational training. Specific measures are set out to protect and preserve the environment. Family policy deals with issues of marriage, the definition of a family, divorce, the right to family planning services, and the deterrence of domestic violence. Social protection provisions cover mothers and children, handicapped persons, and protection of minors. Finally, the customs and rights of Indians are protected, with special provisions given to protect land tenure and to protect the rights of Indians in water resource development and prospecting and mining activities.^ieng
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Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Constituição e Estatutos , Economia , Educação , Emprego , Política de Planejamento Familiar , Financiamento Governamental , Direitos Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Assistência Pública , Saúde Pública , Política Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Direitos da Mulher , América , Brasil , Cultura , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Meio Ambiente , Etnicidade , Administração Financeira , Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , Classe Social , Planejamento Social , América do SulRESUMO
This Decree provides that the Chilean Government will confer a housing subsidy under the following conditions: 1) each beneficiary is entitled to only one subsidy; 2) the subsidy is to be a supplement to money saved and at the immediate disposal of the beneficiary; 3) in general, the subsidy is to be used to finance the acquisition or construction of new housing; and 4) the housing must be intended as the permanent residence of the beneficiary. Two kinds of subsidies are to be granted: a direct subsidy in specific amounts not to exceed 75% of the house value and an indirect subsidy to subsidize mortgages. Under the Decree, single or married persons who have reached the age of majority and minors who are married and employed are eligible for subsidies. Applicants awarded subsidies are to be determined on a regional basis according to the particular conditions of the applicants, such as the amount saved by the applicant, lot availability, number of family members, length of time of savings, and the amount of credit needed. Once housing is acquired, a beneficiary may not for five years sell, transfer, rent, or use the housing for any purpose other than living there permanently. Provisions of this Decree were amended by Decree No. 114 of 8 July 1988 (Diario Oficial, No. 33.140, 6 August 1988) and Decree No. 135 of 2 August 1988 (Diario Oficial, No. 33.146, 13 August 1988).