RESUMO

This work assessed the psychosocial risks of 124 workers from the plywood industry in Ecuador's Amazon region. Two psychosocial risk assessment (PRA) methods were selected due to their widespread use in Ecuadorian organisations: FPSICO from the Spanish National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the "Psychosocial Risk Assessment Questionnaire" (PRAQ) from the Ecuadorian Labour Ministry. Therefore, two surveys of 89 and 58 items were applied to evaluate nine scales and eight risk dimensions for FPSICO and PRAQ, respectively. Results show that according to FPSICO, the main psychosocial risks were detected in the scales of working time (WT), variety and content (VC), and workload (WL), with a prevalence of 34.8 % and 41.7 %. For PRAQ, the margin of action and control (D4), load and work rate (D1), and leadership (D3) were the most affected dimensions, with a risk prevalence between 29.1 % and 43.6 %. Although there is a lower risk prevalence in the rest of the scales and dimensions assessed, improvement actions are needed in the short term. Furthermore, the findings suggest an association between gender and risk prevalence, especially in the dimensions of Leadership (D3), Skills development (D2), and Self-perceived health (D8.8), where being a woman increases the likelihood of suffering from these conditions by up to three times. In addition, a brief comparative analysis was conducted, looking for coincidences in the scales that each PRA instrument assesses and the prevalence of the psychosocial risks detected.

RESUMO

The present study aims to explore and compare psychosocial risks and work overload among nursing professionals in the field mental health and psychiatry in Chile. Quantitative, observational and cross-sectional research was designed for this purpose. Nurses from community, ambulatory, hospital and emergency units in mental health and psychiatry in Chile were recruited between January and May 2022. Instruments of psychosocial variables and an occupational psychosocial risk scale based on the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire were used. Descriptive and correlational statistics were used, as well as independent samples t-tests, Factorial Anova and post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. As a result, 174 nursing professionals were recruited, 79.3% female, average age 33.9 years. One-third belonged to the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The highest psychosocial risk was obtained by nurses over 30 years of age, from the Metropolitan Region, with more than 16 patients under their care, at the hospital or psychiatric emergency level. Significant differences were observed in work overload and psychosocial risks according to personal and work characteristics of the professionals, as well as of the users and health services. The levels of psychosocial risk and work overload of mental health and psychiatric nurses were reported, as well as the comparison of these according to personal, sociodemographic, and work characteristics. In order to improve the quality of work life of these professionals and the quality of these services, it is essential to develop interventions focused on the dimensions addressed, as well as to define norms and policies that ensure a workload in accordance with international standards.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of psychosocial risks based on the demographic variables of sex, age, and seniority, on the perception of workplace violence in a group of workers from Spanish companies. Methods: a total of 22 Spanish companies were analysed between 2016 and 2018 with a total sample of 26741 people using the FPSICO 3.1 psychosocial assessment method and divided into demographic groups of sex, age, and seniority for subsequent comparison of means and regression analysis. Results: The results confirm the relationship between psychosocial risks and the perception of workplace violence. The analyses by demographic variables position the group of men as the group with the highest perception of workplace violence, except for discrimination, where it was higher in the group of women. The results confirm that the perception of workplace violence increases significantly with age and seniority in the company. Conclusions: workplace violence is one of the most worrying risk factors today and it is necessary to better understand what risk factors can favour its appearance or its differentiated behaviour according to sex, age, or seniority. This can allow us to develop planned strategies to control this risk and focus on specific demographic groups.

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el impacto que tienen los riesgos psicosociales y algunas variables demográficas como son el sexo, la edad y la antigüedad sobre la percepción de violencia laboral, en el personal de varias empresas españolas. Métodos: se analizó un total de 22 empresas españolas entre los años 2016 y 2018 con una muestra total de 26741 personas mediante el método de evaluación psicosocial FPSICO 3.1 y se dividió en grupos demográficos de sexo, edad y antigüedad para realizar posteriormente comparación de medias y análisis de regresión. Resultados: Los resultados confirman la relación causal que hay entre los riesgos psicosociales y la percepción de violencia laboral. Los análisis por variables demográficas posicionan al grupo de hombres como el grupo con mayor percepción de violencia laboral, excepto para discriminación donde salió superior en el grupo de mujeres. Los resultados confirman que la percepción de la violencia laboral se incrementa significativamente con la edad y la antigüedad en la empresa. Conclusiones: la violencia laboral es uno de los factores de riesgos más preocupantes de la actualidad y se hace necesario comprender mejor qué factores de riesgo pueden favorecer su aparición o su comportamiento diferenciado según el sexo, la edad o la antigüedad. Esto nos puede permitir elaborar estrategias planificadas de control de este riesgo y poner el foco en grupos demográficos concretos.

RESUMO

Introduction: Migration figures place Chile as one of the South American countries with the highest rate of migrants. The present study estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and psychosocial occupational risks in migrant workers from the Maule region. Methods: Cross-sectional study with migrant workers between 18 and 60 years of age residing in the Maule region (n = 145). The applied questionnaires were: a psychosocial risk questionnaire, a health and quality of life questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression models. Results: In Chile, 21% of the migrants maintained the same work activity as in their country of origin. Although the quality of life in physical and mental health is adequate, 52% have low psychological demands at work, 48.9% have low levels of active work and development skills, 57.7% have a high-risk level of compensation and self-esteem, and 65.5% have a high-risk level of double presence at work. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the physical health dimension have a lower risk of maintaining a balance between effort and reward; they worked 44 hours a week and did not work directly at Maule. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the mental health dimension have a lower risk of emotional demands, perceive greater social support in the company, and are less concerned about domestic chores. Conclusions: Migrants with lower quality of life in the physical health dimension presented less compensation at work and recognition, came to work directly in the region, and had jobs with fewer contract hours. Workers with lower quality of life in their mental health exhibited a greater risk of psychological demands at work and perceived low social support in the company; they were concerned about having to respond to domestic and salaried work.

Introducción: Las cifras migratorias sitúan a Chile como uno de los países sudamericanos con mayor número de migrantes. El presente estudio estimó la relación entre características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida y riesgos psicosociales laborales en migrantes trabajadores de la región del Maule. Métodos: Estudio transversal con trabajadores migrantes entre 18 y 60 años, residentes en la Región del Maule (n = 145). Las encuestas aplicadas fueron: Cuestionario de riesgo psicosocial, Cuestionario de salud y calidad de vida y Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas de U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: Un 21% de los migrantes mantuvo en Chile la misma actividad laboral a la que se dedicaban en su país de origen. Si bien la calidad de vida de la salud física y mental es adecuada, 52% presenta bajas demandas psicológicas en el trabajo, 48,9% bajos niveles de trabajo activo y habilidades de desarrollo, 57,7% tiene un nivel de alto riesgo en la compensación y la autoestima, y 65,5% un nivel de alto riesgo de doble presencia en el trabajo. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física presentan menor riesgo de mantener el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y recompensa, poseen un trabajo de 44 horas a la semana y no llegaron a trabajar directamente al Maule. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud mental poseen menor riesgo en las demandas emocionales, perciben mayor apoyo social en la empresa y menor preocupación por las tareas domésticas. Conclusiones: Los migrantes con menor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física, presentan menores compensaciones en el trabajo, bajo reconocimiento, llegaron directamente a trabajar a la región y poseían trabajos con menos horas de contrato. Los trabajadores con menor calidad de vida en su salud mental exhiben mayor riesgo en las exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, perciben bajo apoyo social en la empresa y preocupación por responder al trabajo doméstico y al asalariado.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCIÓN: Las cifras migratorias sitúan a Chile como uno de los países sudamericanos con mayor número de migrantes. El presente estudio estimó la relación entre características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida y riesgos psicosociales laborales en migrantes trabajadores de la región del Maule. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con trabajadores migrantes entre 18 y 60 años, residentes en la Región del Maule (n = 145). Las encuestas aplicadas fueron: Cuestionario de riesgo psicosocial, Cuestionario de salud y calidad de vida y Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas de U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. RESULTADOS: Un 21% de los migrantes mantuvo en Chile la misma actividad laboral a la que se dedicaban en su país de origen. Si bien la calidad de vida de la salud física y mental es adecuada, 52% presenta bajas demandas psicológicas en el trabajo, 48,9% bajos niveles de trabajo activo y habilidades de desarrollo, 57,7% tiene un nivel de alto riesgo en la compensación y la autoestima, y 65,5% un nivel de alto riesgo de doble presencia en el trabajo. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física presentan menor riesgo de mantener el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y recompensa, poseen un trabajo de 44 horas a la semana y no llegaron a trabajar directamente al Maule. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud mental poseen menor riesgo en las demandas emocionales, perciben mayor apoyo social en la empresa y menor preocupación por las tareas domésticas. CONCLUSIONES: Los migrantes con menor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física, presentan menores compensaciones en el trabajo, bajo reconocimiento, llegaron directamente a trabajar a la región y poseían trabajos con menos horas de contrato. Los trabajadores con menor calidad de vida en su salud mental exhiben mayor riesgo en las exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, perciben bajo apoyo social en la empresa y preocupación por responder al trabajo doméstico y al asalariado.

INTRODUCTION: Migration figures place Chile as one of the South American countries with the highest rate of migrants. The present study estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and psychosocial occupational risks in migrant workers from the Maule region. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with migrant workers between 18 and 60 years of age residing in the Maule region (n = 145). The applied questionnaires were: a psychosocial risk questionnaire, a health and quality of life questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression models. RESULTS: In Chile, 21% of the migrants maintained the same work activity as in their country of origin. Although the quality of life in physical and mental health is adequate, 52% have low psychological demands at work, 48.9% have low levels of active work and development skills, 57.7% have a high-risk level of compensation and self-esteem, and 65.5% have a high-risk level of double presence at work. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the physical health dimension have a lower risk of maintaining a balance between effort and reward; they worked 44 hours a week and did not work directly at Maule. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the mental health dimension have a lower risk of emotional demands, perceive greater social support in the company, and are less concerned about domestic chores. CONCLUSIONS: Migrants with lower quality of life in the physical health dimension presented less compensation at work and recognition, came to work directly in the region, and had jobs with fewer contract hours. Workers with lower quality of life in their mental health exhibited a greater risk of psychological demands at work and perceived low social support in the company; they were concerned about having to respond to domestic and salaried work.

Assuntos

RESUMO

La pandemia de COVID-19 pone en evidencia la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos y de salud mental para la prevención y afrontamiento de sus consecuencias. En este contexto se requiere de un modelo de Seguridad Psicológica (SP) que fundamente teórica y metodológicamente su gestión en una situación de emergencia sanitaria. El problema de la SP, visto desde una perspectiva transdisciplinar, intercepta aspectos relacionados con la epistemología y la sociología de la ciencia: análisis crítico del concepto a la luz de los aportes de otras disciplinas; relaciones entre el nivel de acceso al conocimiento y el funcionamiento de los equipos de trabajos; y contradicción entre la gestión neoliberal de la pandemia y la necesidad de un afrontamiento humanista. El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde la perspectiva sociológica y epistemológica, la SP del personal de la salud en emergencias sanitarias, para lo cual se desarrolló una revisión narrativa. Como resultado, se presentan las reflexiones desarrolladas acerca del tema estructuradas en dos momentos: la aproximación crítica a la epistemología del concepto de SP y el impacto de la SP en los equipos de trabajo visto desde la concepción de la sociedad del conocimiento. Se enfoca la SP como un campo transdisciplinario y se valoran los antecedentes y aportes de otras disciplinas para su empleo en situaciones de emergencia y desastres. También se contrasta el afrontamiento a la COVID-19 desde la gestión neoliberal con su afrontamiento humanista. Finalmente, se presenta una nueva perspectiva de la SP para la gestión de la salud mental del personal de la salud involucrado en la respuesta a emergencias y desastres

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of psychological and mental health aspects for preventing and coping with its consequences. In this context, a model of Psychological Safety (PS) is required that theoretically and methodologically bases its management in a health emergency situation. The problem of PS, seen from a transdisciplinary perspective, intercepts aspects related to the epistemology and sociology of science: the critical analysis of the concept in light of the contributions of other disciplines; the relationships between the level of access to knowledge and the functioning of work teams and the contradiction between the neoliberal management of the pandemic and the need for a humanistic approach. The objective of the article is to analyze, from the sociological and epistemological perspective, the PS of health personnel in health emergencies, for which a narrative review was developed. As a result, the reflections developed on the subject structured in various moments are presented: the critical approach to the epistemology of the concept of PS; the impact of PS on work teams seen from the conception of the knowledge society. PS is approached as a transdisciplinary field and the antecedents and contributions of other disciplines are valued for its use in emergency situations and disasters. The coping with COVID-19 is also contrasted from that of neoliberal management with its humanistic coping. Finally, a new perspective of the PS is presented for the management of the mental health of the health personnel involved in the response to emergencies and disasters

Assuntos

RESUMO

Poucos estudos averiguam o contexto de trabalho e os riscos psicossociais da residência médica. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o contexto de trabalho, os possíveis transtornos mentais comuns, Burnout e ideação suicida entre preceptores e residentes do Programa de Residência Médica em Ortopedia e Traumatologia de um hospital escola. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de abordagem mista, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e aplicadas em Escala de Avaliação do Contexto de Trabalho, Questionário de Saúde Geral (v.12), Escala de Caracterização de Burnout, Questionário de Ideação Suicida e o questionário sociodemográfico. Os preceptores e residentes consideram boas suas condições de trabalho, mas as relações socioprofissionais e organização do trabalho são críticas. Este estudo evidenciou uma predominância de transtornos mentais com níveis moderados, assim como os escores de Burnout apresentaram índices baixos. As principais queixas estão relacionadas à sobrecarga de trabalho, estresse, insônia, ansiedade, com a incidência de um caso de ideação suicida. A partir desta pesquisa, foi possível perceber a necessidade de implementação de dispositivos interventivos com a finalidade de conscientizar e promover o apoio socioprofissional na residência médica de ortopedia e traumatologia.

Some studies have the objective of investigating the work context and the psychosocial risks of medical residency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the work context, the communal mental upheavals, the agitation, and the suicidal ideation between preceptors and residents of the Medical Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology at a university hospital. This is a case study, with a mixed focus, in which semi-structured interviews were carried out and applied to the Work Context Assessment Scale, General Health Questionnaire (v.12), Burnout Characterization Scale, Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, and a socio demographic survey. The medical residency studied had good working conditions, but socio-professional relationships and work organization were critical. It showed a prevalence of mental disorders with moderate levels, and low scores related to burnout. The main complaints are related to work overload, stress, anxiety, and a case of suicidal ideation. It is necessary to implant interventional devices, in order to promote socio-professional support in the medical residency of orthopedics and traumatology.

Pocos estudios tienen como objetivo investigar el contexto laboral y los riesgos psicosociales de la residencia médica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el contexto laboral, los posibles trastornos mentales comunes, Burnout y la ideación suicida entre preceptores y residentes de lo Programa de Residencia Médica en Ortopedia y Traumatología de un hospital escolar. Se trata de un estudio de caso, con enfoque mixto, donde se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y aplicadas la Escala de Evaluación del Contexto de Trabajo, Cuestionario de Salud General (v.12), Escala de Caracterización de Burnout, Cuestionario de Ideación Suicida y el cuestionario sociodemográfico. La residencia médica estudiada tenía buenas condiciones de trabajo, pero las relaciones socioprofesionales y la organización del trabajo eran críticas. Este estudio mostró una prevalencia de trastornos mentales con niveles moderados, así como las puntuaciones de Burnout presentaran índices bajos. Las principales quejas están relacionadas con la sobrecarga de trabajo, el estrés, el insomnio, ansiedad, con la incidencia de un caso de ideación suicida. A través de esta pesquisa, fue posible percibir la necesidad de implementación de dispositivos intervencionistas con el fin de concienciar y promover el apoyo socio profesional en la residencia médica de ortopedia y traumatología.

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analisar as dimensões do trabalho que constituem fatores de risco psicossocial e suas repercussões no sofrimento e adoecimento das profissionais de enfermagem de ambulatório de hospitais universitários. Método: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado nos 11 ambulatórios dos hospitais universitários localizados no município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram participantes da pesquisa 388 profissionais atuantes na assistência de enfermagem dessas unidades. O instrumento de coleta de dados contemplou um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica, ocupacional e de saúde e o Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais Relacionados ao Trabalho. Os dados foram organizados, processados e analisados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 21.0. As análises bivariadas foram realizadas utilizando a razão de chances, odds ratio (OR), com intervalo de confiança de 95%, com um nível de significância de 5% para verificar a associação entre as variáveis. A coleta de dados orientou-se pela obediência aos princípios éticos da pesquisa com seres humanos, sendo aprovado por oito comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: A equipe de enfermagem ambulatorial aponta para um perfil de feminilidade maior que em outras unidades, profissionais mais velhas, casadas, com filhos, negras e com qualificação superior às exigidas para o cargo. Dentre as características ocupacionais, destacou-se o vínculo permanente, sendo um percentual significativo com mais de um vínculo, exercendo uma carga horária superior a 30 horas semanais. A maioria era de técnicas de enfermagem e já havia trabalhado em outro setor dentro da instituição, sendo no turno diurno independente do vínculo. Em relação ao tempo de trabalho, a média foi de 23,7 anos na enfermagem, 17,8 anos na instituição e 8,3 anos no ambulatório. No que diz respeito às características relacionadas à saúde, a maioria apresentou autoavaliação positiva da saúde, não apresentou afastamento por doença no último ano, possuía problema de saúde relacionado ao trabalho e apresentava doenças crônicas. A organização do trabalho em ambulatórios de hospitais universitários foi avaliada como risco médio pelos respondentes, o que significa um estado de alerta/situação limite para os riscos psicossociais no trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem. Para esses profissionais há presença moderada dos estilos de gestão gerencialista e coletivo nos ambulatórios universitários. Em relação ao sofrimento patogênico, os fatores falta de sentido no trabalho e falta de reconhecimento apresentaram baixo risco psicossocial, enquanto o fator esgotamento mental apresentou risco médio. Os danos físicos foram avaliados como risco médio, já os danos psicológicos e sociais apresentaram resultado positivo, representando baixos riscos psicossociais. Conclusões: A partir do entendimento de que a natureza do trabalho da enfermagem não é passível de mudanças, e que esta, por si, já expõe o trabalhador a riscos com potencial de causar danos à sua saúde, medidas interventivas devem ser realizadas nas dimensões do trabalho que se constituem fatores de risco psicossocial e se apresentaram nesta pesquisa relacionados à organização do trabalho e gestão dessas unidades, a fim de minorar o sofrimento e os danos dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nos ambulatórios universitários. Contribuições para a enfermagem: A partir desses resultados, pretende-se sensibilizar os gestores das unidades para a necessidade de implementar ações que foquem nas condições desfavoráveis de trabalho, visando sua adequação, possibilitando melhoria no desempenho da equipe de enfermagem, com vista à prestação de serviços de qualidade, mas também à preservação de sua saúde. Atenção deve ser dada aos modelos hierarquizados, hegemônicos nos serviços de saúde, que impedem a autonomia no trabalho da enfermagem, dificultam o estabelecimento de relações cooperativas e o sentimento de valorização e reconhecimento, essenciais para a transformação do sofrimento em prazer no trabalho.

Objective: To analyze the work dimensions that represent psychosocial risk factors and their repercussion in the suffering and illness of the Nursing professionals working in outpatient clinics of university hospitals. Method: A quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted in the 11 outpatient services of the university hospitals located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The research participants were 388 professionals working in the Nursing assistance sector of these units. The data collection instrument included a questionnaire for sociodemographic, occupational and health characterization, as well as the Protocol for the Evaluation of the Work- Related Psychosocial Risks. The data were organized, processed and analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program, version 21.0. The bivariate analyses were performed using Odds Ratio (OR), with a 95% confidence interval and a 5% significance level to verify the association between the variables. Data collection was guided by observance of the ethical principles of research with human beings, being approved by eight Research Ethics committees. Results: The outpatient Nursing team points to a greater female profile than in other units, older professionals, married, with children, black-skinned and with higher qualifications than those required for the position. Among the occupational characteristics, permanent employment contract stood out, with a significant percentage of people having more than one contract, representing an hour load of over 30 hours a week. Most of the participants were nursing technicians and had already worked in another sector within the institution, in the day shift regardless of the contract. In relation to the working time, the mean values were 23.7 years in Nursing, 17.8 years in the institution, and 8.3 years in the outpatient service. Regarding the characteristics related to health, most of them presented a positive health self- assessment, did not take medical leaves in the past year, had some work-related health problem, and presented chronic diseases. Work organization in the outpatient services of university hospitals was assessed as with medium risk by the respondents, which means a state of alert/borderline situation for the psychosocial risks in the Nursing professionals' work. For these professionals, there is moderate presence of the managerial and collective management styles in the university outpatient services. In relation to pathogenic suffering, the "lack of meaning in work" and "lack of recognition" factors presented low psychosocial risk, while the "mental exhaustion" factor presented medium risk. The physical harms were assessed as with medium risk; on the other hand, the psychological and social harms presented a positive result, representing low psychosocial risks. Conclusions: Based on the understanding that the nature of the Nursing work is not subjectable to changes, and that such nature per se already exposes workers to risks with the potential to cause harms to their health, intervention measures must be implemented in the work dimensions that constitute psychosocial risk factors and were presented in this research as related to the work organization and management of these units, in order to mitigate distress and harms in the Nursing professionals working in the outpatient services of university hospitals. Contributions to Nursing: Based on these results, the intention is to sensitize the units' managers regarding the need to implement actions focused on the unfavorable working conditions, aiming at their adaptation, enabling an improvement in the performance of the Nursing team, with a view to quality in the provision of services, but also to preserving their health. Attention must be paid to the hierarchical models, hegemonic in the health services, which preclude autonomy in the Nursing work, hinder the institution of cooperative relationships and of a feeling of appreciation and recognition, essential to transform suffering into pleasure at work.

Objetivo: Analizar las dimensiones del trabajo que constituyen factores de riesgo psicosocial y sus repercusiones en el sufrimiento y las enfermedades de los profesionales de Enfermería de los servicios ambulatorios de hospitales universitarios. Método: Estudio cuantitativo y transversal realizado en los 11 servicios ambulatorios de los hospitales universitarios situados en el municipio de Rio de Janeiro. Los participantes del estudio de investigación fueron 388 profesionales de Enfermería de estas unidades. El instrumento para la recolección de datos incluyó un cuestionario para la caracterización sociodemográfica, ocupacional y de salud y el Protocolo de Evaluación de los Riesgos Psicosociales Relacionados con el Trabajo. Los datos se organizaron, procesaron y analizaron con la ayuda del programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versión 21.0. Los análisis bivariados se realizaron utilizando Odds Ratio (OR), con intervalo de confianza del 95% y nivel de significancia del 5% para verificar la asociación entre las variables. La recolección de datos se basó en la obediencia de los principios éticos de la investigación con seres humanos. Resultados: El equipo de Enfermería ambulatoria apunta a un perfil femenino mayor que en otras unidades, profesionales de más edad, casadas, con hijos, de raza negra y con calificaciones superiores a las exigidas para el cargo. Entre las características ocupacionales, se destacó el vínculo permanente, donde un porcentaje significativo de las profesionales poseía más de un vínculo laboral, con una carga horaria superior a 30 horas semanales. La mayoría de las participantes eran técnicas de Enfermería y ya habían trabajado en otro sector de la institución, en el turno diurno e independientemente del vínculo laboral. En relación con el tiempo de trabajo, los valores medios fueron 23,7 años en Enfermería, 17,8 años en la institución y 8,3 años en el servicio ambulatorio. Con respecto a las características relacionadas con la salud, la mayoría presentó una autoevaluación positiva de la salud, no tuvo que tomar licencia por enfermedad durante el último año, tuvo problemas de salud relacionados con el trabajo y presentó enfermedades crónicas. Las entrevistadas evaluaron la organización del trabajo en los servicios ambulatorios de hospitales universitarios como de riesgo medio, lo que significa un estado de alerta/situación límite para los riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo de los profesionales de Enfermería. En el caso de estos profesionales, se registra una moderada presencia de los estilos de gestión gerencialista y colectivo en los servicios ambulatorios universitarios. En relación con el sufrimiento patogénico, los factores «falta de sentido en el trabajo¼ y «falta de reconocimiento¼ presentaron un riesgo psicosocial reducido, mientras que el factor «agotamiento mental¼ presentó riesgo medio. Los perjuicios físicos se evaluaron como de riesgo medio, mientras que los psicológicos y sociales presentaron un resultado positivo, representando así riesgos psicosociales reducidos. Conclusiones: Sobre la base de comprender que la naturaleza del trabajo de Enfermería no es pasible de mudanzas y que, de por sí, dicha naturaleza ya expone al trabajador a riesgos con potencial de causar daños a su salud, deben implementarse medidas de intervención en las dimensiones del trabajo que representan factores de riesgo psicosocial y que, en esta investigación, se presentan relacionados con la organización del trabajo y la gestión de estas unidades, a fin de mitigar el sufrimiento y los perjuicios de los profesionales de Enfermería que se desempeñan en los servicios ambulatorios de hospitales universitarios. Contribuciones para la Enfermería: A partir de estos resultados, se pretende sensibilizar a los gerentes de las unidades con respecto a la necesidad de implementar acciones enfocadas en las condiciones desfavorables del trabajo, en pos de su adecuación, posibilitando así una mejora en el desempeño del equipo de Enfermería, con vistas a una prestación de servicios de calidad, como así también a preservar su salud. Debe prestarse atención a los modelos jerarquizados, hegemónicos en los servicios de salud, que impiden la autonomía en el trabajo de Enfermería, dificultan el establecimiento de relaciones de cooperación y el sentimiento de valorización y reconocimiento, esenciales para transformar el sufrimiento en placer laboral.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Self-perceived health is an important indicator of occupational health. This research explored the relationship between poor self-perceived health and exposure to psychosocial risk factors, taking into account potential socio-demographic, occupational, and employment determinants. Using data from the First Survey of Occupational Safety and Health Conditions, covering 1049 salaried workers in Guayaquil, Ecuador, descriptive and stratified binary logistic regression analyses (odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals) were carried out. A significant relationship was found between exposure to psychosocial risk factors and the probability of presenting poor self-perceived health by socio-demographic, occupational, and employment characteristics. Occupational exposure factors to psychosocial risks were predictors of self-perceived ill health and were related to the variables analyzed; the most frequently expressed factors among the respondents were cognitive demands (DCOG) and job insecurity (IL). The results have implications in terms of designing effective workplace interventions pursuant to ensuring the health and well-being of employees.

Assuntos

RESUMO

CONTEXT: The emergency situation caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected different facets of society. Although much of the attention is focused on the health sector, other sectors such as education have also experienced profound transformations and impacts. This sector is usually highly affected by psychosocial risks, and this could be aggravated during the current health emergency. Psychosocial risks may cause health problems, lack of motivation, and a decrease of effectiveness at work, which in turn affect the quality of teaching. Despite their importance, there are hardly any studies that analyze psychosocial risks of non-university teachers during a health emergency such as that caused by COVID-19. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of COVID-19 and the psychosocial risks of non-university teachers comparing Spain and Mexico during the state of alarm caused by COVID-19. METHODS: Data were collected from 421 non-university teachers (80.2% women; 56.3% from Mexico, 43.7% from Spain) aged 24-60 (M = 39.32, SD = 10.21) via a self-completed questionnaire during the pandemic from March to April 2020. RESULTS: Data analysis suggests that inequity is the most important risk, followed by work overload. Teachers appear to be moderately satisfied with the information on COVID-19 and the measures taken, while their satisfaction with the available resources is lower. When comparing the two countries, significant differences can be observed in every risk considered except for social support, with lower levels in Mexican teachers compared to Spanish ones. In the case of the perception of COVID-19 and its impact, the perception in general of levels of information, measures, and resources is better among Mexican teachers than among Spanish ones, who present higher scores of the impact of the health emergency. CONCLUSION: The results underline the importance of the professional's perception of resources during a health emergency, which could prevent to some extent burnout and possible alterations associated with it. The measures taken by the responsible entities and the provision of information do affect teachers not only directly but also indirectly by making them more vulnerable to psychosocial risks that could affect their health and professional performance, thus affecting students as well.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify preventive practices for psychosocial risks in Ibero-American health centers, including gaps in evidence, and to synthesize effectiveness according to dimensions and level of intervention. METHODS: Design: a global evidence mapping type systematic review. Data sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Health Evidence Portal. Review methods: Ad hoc descriptors were used to identify randomized controlled trials and other types of studies. The search was done between January 2003 and March 2020, limited to the English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The PRISMA-P protocol was applied to register the synthesis of the included studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE protocol and by three external evaluators. RESULTS: A total of 8959 studies were identified, and, after screening and eligibility assessment, 18 studies were included in the systematic review, involving 1777 workers from 176 health centers in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. Half of the included studies are randomized controlled trials; 37.2% of the included studies were deemed of moderate quality, while 18.7% were of high quality. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive practices with strong evidence correspond to policies that improve the working conditions of night hospital work. We found low-quality evidence in six preventive dimensions for the practices based on multi-component interventions. We found evidence gaps in five domains of preventive interventions for psychosocial risks.

OBJETIVO: Identificar las prácticas preventivas para riesgos psicosociales en centros sanitarios iberoamericanos, incluyendo los vacíos de la evidencia, y sintetizar la efectividad según dimensión y nivel de intervención. MÉTODOS: Diseño: revisión sistemática de tipo global evidence mapping. Fuentes de datos: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs y Health Evidence Portal. Métodos de la revisión: se emplearon descriptores ad hoc para identificar ensayos controlados aleatorios y otros tipos de estudio. El período de búsqueda comprendió entre enero de 2003 y marzo de 2020, limitado a los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Para el registro de síntesis de estudios incluidos se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA-P. La calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada según protocolo GRADE por tres evaluadores externos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 8959 estudios y, tras el tamizaje y análisis de elegibilidad, se admitieron 18 estudios para revisión sistemática que involucran a 1777 trabajadores de 176 centros sanitarios de España, Portugal, México, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brasil, Perú y Argentina. La mitad de los estudios incluidos son ensayos controlados aleatorios. Las frecuencias de desenlaces predominantes son de calidad moderada (37,2%), y las de alta calidad son 18,7%. CONCLUSIONES: Las prácticas preventivas con alta calidad de evidencias corresponden a las políticas para mejorar condiciones laborales del trabajo hospitalario nocturno. Prácticas basadas en intervenciones multicomponentes presentan evidencias de baja calidad en cinco dimensiones preventivas. Los vacíos de la evidencia están en seis dominios de la intervención preventiva para los riesgos psicosociales.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Apesar da importância da retenção de caminhoneiros, há pouca compreensão acerca das variáveis e suas interações para explicar a intenção do abandono profissional. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais, psicossociais, estressores ocupacionais e a satisfação no trabalho como possíveis preditores da intenção de abandono em uma amostra de 565 caminhoneiros brasileiros. Como instrumentos de avaliação, foram utilizadas as Subescalas de Tendência ao Abandono, Satisfação no Trabalho e Riscos Psicossociais, questionários de variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e estressores ocupacionais. Os resultados obtidos por meio da análise de regressão linear múltipla apontaram um modelo explicativo para a tendência ao abandono composto por sete variáveis que conjuntamente explicaram 29,2% da variância, sendo a satisfação no trabalho a variável de maior poder preditivo (13,2%). O estudo sugere ações de retenção desses profissionais aos gestores do transporte, com o objetivo de evitar a rotatividade dessa categoria.

Despite the importance of truck driver's retention, there is not enough understanding about the variables that interact to explain the intention to leave the profession. The objective of this study was to evaluate variables such as, sociodemographic, labor, psychosocial, occupational stressors and satisfaction with work, as possible predictors of abandonment, in a sample of 565 Brazilian truck drivers. For data capture purposes, a set of assessment tools was used. It was composed by: Subscales of Tendency to Abandonment, Job Satisfaction and Psychosocial risks, sociodemographic, labor and occupational stressors questionnaire. The results obtained by multiple linear regression analysis, have indicated seven variables to explain the model variance of 29,2%, with job satisfaction having the most significant prediction capacity (13,2%). The study suggests some retention actions by the management level on truckload carriers, in order to avoid the turnover of this job category.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The psychological work environment is composed of both stressful and motivational work conditions at different levels of analysis. However, most relevant theory and research lack an integrative conceptualization and appropriate instrumentation to account for this work context structure. These limitations are particularly present in non-mainstream populations, such as the Spanish community of researchers and practitioners. In this study, based on the job demands-resources model, we present an updated conceptualization in which stressful and motivational psychosocial factors are integrated and defined at the job, the group, and the organizational level of analysis into a single conceptualization. Furthermore, derived from this conceptualization, we present a study of the development and validation of a questionnaire to account for the psychosocial work environment in Spanish, labeled Psychosocial Factors Questionnaire 75 (PSF-Q75), which provides measures for 23 different psychosocial factors. The results of this study supported the questionnaire's construct, convergent, divergent, and predictive validity, together with its reliability. Thus, this conceptualization and questionnaire provides researchers and partitioners with a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of the psychosocial work environment and promises benefits for interventions in the workplace.

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Identificar las prácticas preventivas para riesgos psicosociales en centros sanitarios iberoamericanos, incluyendo los vacíos de la evidencia, y sintetizar la efectividad según dimensión y nivel de intervención. Métodos: Diseño: revisión sistemática de tipo global evidence mapping. FUENTES DE DATOS: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs y Health Evidence Portal. MÉTODOS DE LA REVISIÓN: se emplearon descriptores ad hoc para identificar ensayos controlados aleatorios y otros tipos de estudio. El período de búsqueda comprendió entre enero de 2003 y marzo de 2020, limitado a los idiomas inglés, portugués y español. Para el registro de síntesis de estudios incluidos se aplicó el protocolo PRISMA-P. La calidad de la evidencia fue evaluada según protocolo GRADE por tres evaluadores externos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 8959 estudios y, tras el tamizaje y análisis de elegibilidad, se admitieron 18 estudios para revisión sistemática que involucran a 1777 trabajadores de 176 centros sanitarios de España, Portugal, México, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brasil, Perú y Argentina. La mitad de los estudios incluidos son ensayos controlados aleatorios. Las frecuencias de desenlaces predominantes son de calidad moderada (37,2%), y las de alta calidad son 18,7%. CONCLUSIONES: Las prácticas preventivas con alta calidad de evidencias corresponden a las políticas para mejorar condiciones laborales del trabajo hospitalario nocturno. Prácticas basadas en intervenciones multicomponentes presentan evidencias de baja calidad en cinco dimensiones preventivas. Los vacíos de la evidencia están en seis dominios de la intervención preventiva para los riesgos psicosociales.

OBJECTIVE: To identify preventive practices for psychosocial risks in Ibero-American health centers, including gaps in evidence, and to synthesize effectiveness according to dimensions and level of intervention. METHODS: Design: a global evidence mapping type systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Health Systems Evidence, The Campbell Collaboration, PubMed, BioMed Central, CINAHL, EMBASE, Lilacs, and Health Evidence Portal. REVIEW METHODS: Ad hoc descriptors were used to identify randomized controlled trials and other types of studies. The search was done between January 2003 and March 2020, limited to the English, Portuguese, and Spanish. The PRISMA-P protocol was applied to register the synthesis of the included studies. The quality of the evidence was evaluated according to the GRADE protocol and by three external evaluators. RESULTS: A total of 8959 studies were identified, and, after screening and eligibility assessment, 18 studies were included in the systematic review, involving 1777 workers from 176 health centers in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Nicaragua, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. Half of the included studies are randomized controlled trials; 37.2% of the included studies were deemed of moderate quality, while 18.7% were of high quality. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive practices with strong evidence correspond to policies that improve the working conditions of night hospital work. We found low-quality evidence in six preventive dimensions for the practices based on multi-component interventions. We found evidence gaps in five domains of preventive interventions for psychosocial risks.

Assuntos

RESUMO

A pesquisa sobre riscos psicossociais no trabalho tem se desenvolvido no mundo nas últimas três décadas na busca da compreensão desta classe de riscos ocupacionais. Afim de caracterizar este campo de pesquisa, realizou-se a análise bibliométrica da produção nacional de 2008 a 2017. Foram identificados 37 artigos que foram analisados quanto a área do periódico, evolução temporal, afiliação institucional dos autores, relações de coautoria, número de referências, número citações, tipo de estudo e instrumentos. Os indicadores bibliométricos foram analisados por meio de testes não paramétricos. Os resultados apontam para uma produção estacionária, com predomínio de publicações na área de Enfermagem e Saúde Coletiva. Identificou-se grupos isolados de pesquisadores e com baixa participação de pesquisadores da área de psicologia. Os estudos empíricos são majoritariamente descritivos e centrados em profissões da área de saúde. As conclusões apontam para necessidade de maior integração entre pesquisadores e desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa duradouros.

The research on psychosocial risks at work has been developing in the world in the last three decades, in the attempt to understand this class of occupational risks. In order to characterize this field of study, the bibliometric analysis of the Brazilian national production from 2008 to 2017 was carried out. We identified 37 articles that were analyzed regarding the area of ​​the journal, temporal evolution, institutional affiliation, co-authoring relations, number of references, number of citations, type of study, and instruments. The bibliometric indicators were analyzed through non-parametric tests. The results indicate a stationary production, with a predominance of publications in the Nursing and Public Health area. We identified isolated groups of researchers, with low participation of researchers in the field of psychology. Empirical studies are largely descriptive and centered on health professions. The conclusions point to the need for greater integration between researchers and the development of long-term research projects.

La investigación sobre riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo se ha desarrollado en el mundo en las últimas tres décadas en la búsqueda de la comprensión de esta clase de riesgos. Para caracterizar este campo de investigación, se realizó el análisis bibliométrico de la producción nacional de 2008 a 2017. Se identificaron 37 artículos analizados en cuanto al área del periódico, evolución temporal, afiliación institucional, relaciones de coautoría, número de referencias y de citas, tipo de estudio e instrumentos. Los indicadores bibliométricos se analizaron por medio de pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados apuntan a una producción estacionaria, con predominio de publicaciones en Enfermería y Salud Colectiva. Se identificaron grupos aislados de investigadores y con baja participación de la psicología. Los estudios empíricos son mayoritariamente descriptivos y centrados en las profesiones del área de salud. Las conclusiones apuntan a la necesidad de una mayor integración entre investigadores y el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación duraderos.

RESUMO

O processo de envelhecimento populacional direcionou atenção para pesquisas e novos serviços. Assim, essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar os riscos psicossociais e estresse de cuidadores de 33 cuidadores formais de idosos que atuam em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idoso. O perfil dos cuidadores foi idade média de 42,4, com o Ensino Fundamental (42,4%), mulheres (45,5%), que trabalham entre 1 a 5 anos (63,6%). Os instrumentos e materiais utilizados foram: o Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais do Trabalho, Inventário de Estresse Percebido e taxas de cortisol salivar. Os principais resultados indicam que os cuidadores se perceberam pouco estressados (média = 20 ±7,8). Os níveis de cortisol também foram abaixo do valor de referência (média = 9,2 ± 3,6); a organização do trabalho apresentou risco alto para os mesmos (média = 3,0 ± 1,3). Constatou-se que existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de cortisol e o risco alto da organização prescrita do trabalho (r = -0,439; p = 0,036), assim como entre o estresse percebido e o sentimento de desqualificação nos cuidadores (r = 0,485; p = 0,004). Cuidadores homens com nível superior demonstraram-se mais insatisfeitos com o trabalho realizado. Conclui-se que fatores intrínsecos (sexo, idade e escolaridade) somados ao ambiente de trabalho são determinantes para os riscos psicossociais e estresse dos cuidadores formais.

The process of population aging has focused attention on research and new services. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial risks and stress of 33 formal caregivers who work in institutions for long-term care for elderly people. The average age of caregivers was 42.4, with primary education (42.4%), women (45.5%), working between 1 and 5 years (63.6%). The instruments and materials used were: the Protocol for the Evaluation of Psychosocial Work Risks, Perceived Stress Inventory and salivary cortisol rates. The main results indicate that caregivers perceived themselves to be less stressed (mean = 20 ± 7.8). Cortisol levels were also below the reference value (mean = 9.2 ± 3.6); the organization of the work presented a high risk (mean = 3.0 ± 1.3). It was found a statistically significant relationship between cortisol levels and the high risk of the prescribed work organization (r = -0.439; p = 0.036), as well as between the perceived stress and the feeling of disqualification in the caregivers (r = 0.485, p = 0.004). Male caregivers with higher education were more dissatisfied with the work conducted. It is concluded that intrinsic factors (gender, age and educational level) added to the work environment are determinant for the psychosocial risks and stress of the formal caregivers.

El envejecimiento poblacional dirigió la atención para nuevos servicios e investigaciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los riesgos psicosociales y el estrés de 33 cuidadores que trabajan en Instituciones de larga estancia para personas mayores. Del perfil de los cuidadores, se puede destacar el promedio de edad, el cual fue de 42,4, con educación primaria (42,4%), mujeres (45,5%), que trabajan entre 1 a 5 años (63,6%). Los instrumentos y materiales utilizados fueron: el Protocolo de Evaluación de los Riesgos Psicosociales del Trabajo, Inventario de Estrés Percibido y tasas de cortisol salivar. Los principales resultados indican que los cuidadores se distinguieron como poco estresados (promedio = 20 ± 7,8). Los niveles de cortisol también fueron inferiores al valor de referencia (promedio = 9,2 ± 3,6); la organización del trabajo presentó riesgo alto (promedio = 3,0 ± 1,3). Se constató que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de cortisol y el riesgo alto de la organización prescrita del trabajo (r = -0,439, p = 0,036), así como entre el estrés percibido y el sentimiento de descalificación en los cuidadores (r = 0,485; p = 0,004). Los cuidadores hombres con educación superior se mostraron más insatisfechos con el trabajo realizado. Se concluye que factores intrínsecos (sexo, edad, escolaridad) sumados al ambiente de trabajo son determinantes para los riesgos psicosociales y el estrés de los cuidadores formales.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumo Este artigo visa contribuir para as reflexões sobre a construção de uma pesquisa nacional, no Brasil, que aborde a relação entre trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores. Uma pesquisa que produza conhecimentos para subsidiar as ações dos atores sociais nos seus diferentes espaços, como o da negociação coletiva e da construção de políticas públicas, e sobre os determinantes do processo saúde-doença, dado que, se a sociedade tiver como objetivo resolver o problema do sofrimento, do adoecimento e dos acidentes vinculados ao trabalho, não será possível manter o foco apenas nas consequências desses eventos, sendo necessário também atuar sobre suas causas. Para realizar tal reflexão, será utilizado a European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), aplicada nos países da União Europeia (UE) desde 1990, que traz informações sobre como as diferentes dimensões do trabalho vêm impactando a saúde dos trabalhadores, servindo como importante referência para a elaboração de políticas públicas objetivando melhoria das condições de vida e trabalho dos trabalhadores europeus.

Abstract This article is a contribution to the ongoing discussion concerning the desirability of a national enquiry in Brazil that would study the relationship between work and worker's health. This enquiry would supply data to bolster social partner's actions in their diverse environments, such as collective bargaining and public policies. Better understanding the determinant factors in the health-sickness process provides essential knowledge for curbing ever increasing work-related suffering, sickness and accidents. One should not only focus on the consequences, but also on the causes of these problems. We based our approach on the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which has been implemented in all EU countries since 1990. This survey allows a better understanding of how varying work aspects can impact worker's health and has become essential reference when developing public policies seeking to improve living conditions for European workers.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Com o objetivo de mapear os riscos psicossociais no Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) do Distrito Federal, este estudo baseia-se nos preceitos da teoria da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho (PdT), para pensar as relações entre saúde e trabalho e as implicações da relação organização do trabalho, gestão e trabalhador, envolvendo a noção de intersubjetividade. Propõe-se que a intersubjetividade pode ser investigada, ainda que de maneira indireta, em instrumentos de avaliação por meio de categorias empíricas, fundamentadas teoricamente em abordagens críticas e clínicas como a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a Psicanálise. Como ferramenta quantitativa optou-se por aplicar o Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais (PROART), uma ferramenta desenvolvida no Brasil, que abarca a investigação de quatro dimensões que envolvem a relação trabalhador-organização do trabalho, a saber: organização prescrita do trabalho (normas e regras instituídas); estilos de gestão; sofrimento patogênico; e danos psicossociais. Como amostra de conveniência, também foram realizadas cinco entrevistas semiestruturadas para investigar os dados fornecidos referentes aos adoecimentos. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os riscos psicossociais mais críticos para o desenvolvimento da tarefa referem-se à insuficiência de recursos de trabalho, espaço físico inadequado, equipe reduzida e injustiça na distribuição de tarefas. Também é relatado o forte controle das regras e valorização da hierarquia. O sofrimento patogênico refere-se à exaustão emocional, expressa pelos respondentes na submissão do trabalho às decisões políticas, ao cansaço e desgaste pelo excesso de horas extras e esforço físico nos atendimentos. Os resultados puderam embasar discussões para ações e políticas de prevenção em saúde e trabalho....(AU)

With the goal of mapping the psychosocial risks in the Mobile Emergency Service. (SAMU) in the Federal District, this study is based on the precepts of Psychodynamic theory (PdT) to think about the relationship between health and work and the implications of the relationship of organization of work, management and workers, involving the notion of intersubjectivity. It is proposed that intersubjectivity can be investigated, even if indirectly, in evaluation tools through empirical categories theoretically based in critical approaches and clinics as the Psychodynamics work and psychoanalysis. As a quantitative tool we decided to apply the Protocol for the evaluation of psychosocial risks (PROART), a tool developed in Brazil, which includes the investigation of four dimensions involving the relation worker-organization of work, namely: prescribed organization of work (established standards and rules); management styles; pathogenic suffering. As a convenience sample, five semi-structured interviews were also carried out to investigate data provided related to the diseases. The results obtained show that the most critical psychosocial risks to the development of the task refer to insufficient work resources, inadequate physical space, reduced staff and injustice in the distribution of tasks. It is also reported the strong control of the rules and the valuation of the hierarchy. The pathogenic suffering refers to emotional exhaustion, expressed by respondents in submitting work to policy decisions, fatigue and wearing out by excess overtime and physical effort in work. The results could support discussions to prevention actions and policies on health and work....(AU)

Con el objetivo de mapear los riesgos psicosociales en el Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia (SAMU) del Distrito Federal, este estudio se basa en los preceptos de la teoría de la Psicodinámica del Trabajo (PdT), para pensar las relaciones entre salud y trabajo y las implicaciones de la relación de la organización del trabajo, gestión y trabajador, envolviendo la noción de intersubjetividad.. Se propone que la intersubjetividad pueda ser investigada, aunque de manera indirecta, en instrumentos de evaluación por medio de categorías empíricas, fundamentadas teóricamente en abordajes críticos y clínicos como la Psicodinámica del Trabajo y el Psicoanálisis. Como herramienta cuantitativa se optó por aplicar el Protocolo de Evaluación de los Riesgos Psicosociales (PROART), una herramienta desarrollada en Brasil, que abarca la investigación de cuatro dimensiones que envuelven la relación trabajadororganización del trabajo, a saber: organización prescrita del trabajo (organización) normas y normas establecidas); estilos de gestión; sufrimiento patógeno; y daños psicosociales. Como muestra de conveniencia, también se realizaron cinco entrevistas emiestructuradas para investigar los datos suministrados referentes a las enfermedades. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan que los riesgos psicosociales más críticos para el desarrollo de la tarea se refieren a la insuficiencia de recursos de trabajo, espacio físico inadecuado, equipo reducido e injusticia en la distribución de tareas. También se informa el fuerte control de las reglas y la valoración de la jerarquía. El sufrimiento patogénico se refiere al agotamiento emocional, expresado por los respondedores en la sumisión del trabajo a las decisiones políticas, al cansancio y desgaste por el exceso de horas extras y esfuerzo físico en las atenciones. Los resultados pudieron basar discusiones para acciones y políticas de prevención en salud y trabajo....(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction Professionals working with victims of gender-based violence are exposed to highly stressing situations that can cause physical, psychological, and emotional health problems. Designing and implementing personal and institutional self-care measures is fundamental to address this problem. Objectives a) To describe and analyze the repercussions of working with victims of violence on care professionals; b) to describe and analyze the factors that negatively affect the workers' health and; c) to describe and analyze the personal and institutional care practices performed to mitigate those consequences. Method We used a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design in the framework of the grounded theory. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview created for this study. Twenty professionals involved in interventions with victims of gender-based violence were interviewed. Results The results of this study show that professionals who work with care for victims of gender violence are victims of physical (tics, headaches, musculoskeletal problems, somatizations, etc.) and psychological (restlessness, insomnia, anxiety, etc.) problems related to their professional practice. The participants relate their health problems to variables such as the emotional impact of the issue, conflicts in the teams, and the job insecurity in the social sector. Discussion and conclusion The occupational hazard prevention plans that public and private institutions implement need to include personal and institutional care measures to protect the health of the workers and the quality of the care provided.

Resumen Introducción Los profesionales que trabajan con víctimas de violencia de género están expuestos a situaciones muy estresantes que pueden afectar su salud física, psicológica y emocional. Diseñar e implementar medidas de autocuidado personal e institucional es imprescindible para abordar esta problemática. Objetivo a) describir y analizar las repercusiones sobre la salud que genera el trabajo con víctimas de violencia sobre los profesionales de atención; b) describir y analizar los factores que deterioran la salud de los trabajadores; y c) describir y analizar las prácticas de cuidado personal e institucional emprendidas para mitigar estas consecuencias. Método Se utilizó un diseño cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, siguiendo las bases de la "teoría fundamentada" (grounded theory). Se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada creada para los fines del trabajo. Se administró a 20 profesionales implicados en tareas de intervención con personas víctimas de violencia de género. Resultados Los profesionales que trabajan en tareas de atención a víctimas de violencia sufren problemas físicos (tics, dolores de cabeza, problemas musculoesqueléticos, somatizaciones, etc.) y psicológicos (inquietud, insomnio, ansiedad, etc.) relacionados con su quehacer profesional. Los participantes relacionan sus problemas de salud con variables como el impacto emocional de la temática, los conflictos en los equipos y la precariedad laboral del sector social. Discusión y conclusión Los planes de riesgos laborales de instituciones públicas y privadas deben incluir medidas de cuidado personal e institucional que permitan salvaguardar la salud de los trabajadores y la calidad de la asistencia brindada.

RESUMO

Resumen Se hizo una revisión de 47 artículos derivados de investigaciones analíticas ubicados a través de buscadores y bases de datos electrónicas (ISI Web of Knowledge, APA Articles y Science Direct) con el propósito de identificar y analizar la información actualizada sobre condiciones del trabajo entendidas como factores de riesgo psicosocial de origen ocupacional y efectos sobre la salud cardiovascular, específicamente las denominadas cardiopatías coronarias. Se revisaron artículos en full text de estudios longitudinales con seguimiento de cohortes expuestas a los factores de riesgo, estudios de casos y controles y estudios cross sectional; se privilegiaron artículos de importancia en cuanto al tamaño muestral, los métodos usados, la representatividad de las muestras, la contundencia en sus resultados y haber sido publicados en revistas de alto impacto internacional. Se da cuenta de la discusión entre los dos grupos de investigación de mayor relevancia en el mundo: El IPD Consortium (Europa y Asia) y Unhealty Work (USA). El primer grupo reporta hallazgos de asociación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y enfermedad coronaria con una razón de disparidad (OD=1.8), y el UW reporta hallazgos con valores de 2.3 como fuerza de la asociación (OD=2.3). El debate sigue abierto, la investigación y la discusión avanzan cada día.

Abstract A review of articles derived from analytic investigations located through search engines and electronic databases was made (ISI Web of Knowledge, APA Articles and Science Direct) in order to identify and analyze up-to-date information on working conditions as psychosocial risk factors of occupational origin and effects on cardiovascular health, specifically the so-called coronary heart disease. Reviewed articles in full text from longitudinal studies with follow-up of cohorts exposed to the risk factors, cases and controls and cross sectional studies, are privileged items of importance in terms of sample size, the methods used, the representativeness of the samples, the forcefulness in their results and published in journals of high international impact. It reports on the argument between the two research groups of greatest relevance in the world: The IPD (Europe and Asia) Consortium and Unhealthy Work (USA). The first group reported findings of association between the risk factors of psychosocial and coronary heart disease with a ratio of average size (OD = 1. 8) gap, and the UW reports fiindings with values around 2.3 as strength of association (OD = 2 3). The debate remains open, the research and the discussion move forward every day.