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OBJECTIVES: Depression is a prevalent mental health condition that also often affects older adults. The PROACTIVE psychosocial intervention was developed to reduce depressive symptomatology among older adults within primary care settings in Brazil. An important psychological marker that affects individuals' aging experience relates to how old people feel. Known as subjective age, this marker has been shown to be a risk factor for experiencing greater depressive symptoms if individuals report feeling older than their (chronological) age. In this study, we perform secondary analyses of the PROACTIVE cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine the role of subjective age. METHOD: The sample included 715 Brazilian older adults (74% female, Mage 68.6, SD = 6.9, age range: 60-94 years) randomized to intervention (n = 360, 74% female, Mage 68.4, SD = 6.6, age range: 60-89 years) or control (n = 355, 74% female, Mage 68.9, SD = 7.2, age range: 60-94 years) arms. Here our primary outcome was depressive symptoms at the 8-month follow-up assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a continuous variable. Our previous analyses demonstrated improved recovery from depression at follow-up in the intervention compared with the control arm. RESULTS: Relevant main effects and interactions in regression models for PHQ-9 presented here found that those reporting older subjective age had worse depressive symptoms at follow-up but that they benefitted more from the intervention when initial levels of depression were high. For participants who reported younger subjective ages the intervention showed positive effects that were independent of initial levels of depression. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the importance of investigating possible underlying mechanisms that can help clarify the impact of mental health interventions.
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Depressão , Intervenção Psicossocial , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão/terapia , Depressão/psicologia , Intervenção Psicossocial/métodos , Envelhecimento/psicologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Severe mental disorders can cause significant and lasting distress for patients and their families and generate high costs through the need for care and loss of productivity. This study tests DIALOG+, an app-based intervention to make routine patient-clinician meetings therapeutically effective. It combines a structured evaluation of patient satisfaction with a solution-focused approach. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study, based on a controlled clinical trial, in which 9 psychiatrists and 18 patients used DIALOG+ monthly over a six-month period. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experiences of participants and analysed in an inductive thematic analysis focusing on the feasibility and effects of the intervention in the Colombian context. RESULTS: Experiences were grouped into five overall themes: a) impact of the intervention on the consultation and the doctor-patient relationship; b) impact on patients and in promoting change; c) use of the supporting app, and d) adaptability of the intervention to the Colombian healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: DIALOG+ was positively valued by most of the participants. Participants felt that it was beneficial to the routine consultation, improved communication and empowered patients to take a leading role in their care. More work is required to identify the patient groups that most benefit from DIALOG+, and to adjust it, particularly to fit brief consultation times, so that it can be rolled out successfully in the Colombian healthcare system.
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Assistência Ambulatorial , Transtornos Mentais , Satisfação do Paciente , Relações Médico-Paciente , Humanos , Colômbia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Assistência Ambulatorial/organização & administração , Assistência Ambulatorial/métodos , Aplicativos Móveis , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Comunicação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: As sexualidades das pessoas institucionalizadas atravessam diversos modos de opressão, pois prevalece ainda uma construção social arcaica da sexualidade como algo constrangedor ou até mesmo pervertido, baseado em uma redução do seu real significado, e ainda acompanhada de moralismos, preconceitos e estigmas. OBJETIVO: Analisar os diversos modos de sexualidades dentro de um contexto de institucionalização, a Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate, localizada na cidade de Icó-CE. MÉTODO: O estudo é fruto de um delineamento qualitativo de uma pesquisa-intervenção. O campo de pesquisa foi um equipamento de política pública voltado para o acolhimento e residência de pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de Icó-CE, cujas pessoas são na grande maioria atendidas pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial do município. A construção de dados foi fruto do desenvolvimento do Projeto de Extensão Aquarela que criou dispositivos grupais com aproximadamente 12 moradores e a participação dos profissionais atuantes no equipamento durante o primeiro semestre de 2022. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES: Percebeu-se a reprodução de preconceitos e tabus relacionados às sexualidades, juízos de valores e percepções que dificultam uma noção fluída e crítica no cotidiano. Além disso, há também a restrição do próprio equipamento, já que se sabe o quanto esse assunto é ainda tratado por um cunho proibicionista e moralista. CONCLUSÃO: Falar sobre sexualidades é um movimento de resistência sobre regimes de opressão sobre a subjetividade humana. Ao mesmo modo que possibilita criar condições de acesso e reflexão a outros direitos (família, relações afetivas, sociabilidade, etc), dos quais são renegados para pessoas que passam por equipamentos de institucionalização.
INTRODUCTION: The sexualities of institutionalized people go through various modes of oppression, since an archaic social construction of sexuality as something embarrassing or even perverted still prevails, based on a reduction of its real meaning, and is still accompanied by moralisms, prejudices and stigmas. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the various modes of sexualities within institutionalization, the Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate in the city of Icó-CE. METHOD: The study is the result of a qualitative design of a research-intervention. The research field was a public policy equipment focused on the reception and residence of homeless people in the city of Icó-CE, whose people are mostly assisted by the Psychosocial Care Center of the municipality. The construction of data resulted from the development of the Aquarela Extension Project that created group devices with approximately 12 residents and the participation of professionals working on the equipment during the first semester of 2022. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: We noticed the reproduction of prejudices and taboos related to sexualities, value judgments and perceptions that make it difficult to have a fluid and critical notion in everyday life. In addition, there is also the restriction of the equipment itself, since it is known how much this subject is still treated in a prohibitionist and moralistic way. CONCLUSION: Talking about sexualities is a movement of resistance against regimes of oppression of human subjectivity. At the same time, it makes it possible to create conditions for access and reflection on other rights (family, affective relationships, sociability, etc.), which are denied to people who are institutionalized.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las sexualidades de las personas institucionalizadas pasan por diversos modos de opresión, ya que aún prevalece una construcción social arcaica de la sexualidad como algo vergonzoso o incluso pervertido, basada en una reducción de su significado real, y aún acompañada de moralismos, prejuicios y estigmas. OBJETIVO: Analizar los diversos modos de sexualidad en un contexto de institucionalización, la Casa de Acolhimento O Resgate localizada en la ciudad de Icó-CE. MÉTODO: El estudio es el resultado de un diseño cualitativo de una investigación-intervención. El campo de investigación fue un equipamiento de política pública centrado en la acogida y residencia de personas sin hogar en la ciudad de Icó-CE, cuyas personas son atendidas por el Centro de Atención Psicosocial del municipio. La construcción de datos fue el resultado del desarrollo del Proyecto de Extensión Aquarela que creó dispositivos grupales con aproximadamente 12 residentes y la participación de profesionales que trabajan en el equipamiento durante el primer semestre de 2022. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIONES: Notamos la reproducción de prejuicios y tabúes relacionados a las sexualidades, juicios de valor y percepciones que dificultan una noción fluida y crítica en la vida cotidiana. Además, existe también la restricción del propio equipo, ya que es sabido cuánto este tema aún es tratado de forma prohibicionista y moralista. CONCLUSIÓN: Hablar de sexualidades es un movimiento de resistencia contra los regímenes de opresión de la subjetividad humana. Al mismo tiempo, permite crear condiciones de acceso y reflexión sobre otros derechos (familia, relaciones afectivas, sociabilidad, etc.), que son negados a las personas institucionalizadas.
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Sexualidade , Mudança Social , InstitucionalizaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Internet-based interventions may positively impact maternal symptoms of postnatal depression and anxiety. This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, perceived usefulness, and preliminary effectiveness of an m-Health version of "What Were We Thinking?" (m-WWWT). METHODS: A mixed-methods with a 2-arm randomized parallel design was used. From a total of 477 women, 157 met the inclusion criteria. 128 first-time mothers of full-term infants, aged 4-10 weeks, who received health care at primary public health centers in Chile, were randomly assigned to the experimental (EG, n = 65) or control (CG, n = 63) groups; data of 104 of them (53 and 51, respectively) was analyzed. We used percentages and rates to measure feasibility outcomes and mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and latent class analyses (LCA) to assess preliminary effectiveness. Participants completed questionnaires on mental health, social support, and maternal self-efficacy upon recruitment and 3 months after completing the intervention. For the qualitative component, 12 women from the EG were interviewed. RESULTS: Quantitative results show good feasibility outcomes, such as high recruitment (82%), low attrition (EG = 12% and CG = 17%), and high follow-up (EG = 97% and CG = 91%) rates. Qualitative results indicate high acceptability and perceived usefulness of m-WWWT. Mixed ANOVA did not show significant differences between the groups (all p >.05). However, multinomial regression analysis in LCA showed that women with low baseline symptoms of depression and anxiety benefit from the intervention (B = 0.43, 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.16). CONCLUSION: m-WWWT is feasible to be implemented in Chile; future studies are needed to assess the intervention's effectiveness.
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Depressão Pós-Parto , Intervenção Baseada em Internet , Humanos , Feminino , Depressão Pós-Parto/terapia , Depressão Pós-Parto/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Chile , Estudos de Viabilidade , Ansiedade/psicologiaRESUMO
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo sobre a abordagem do sofrimento mental comum (SMC) em programas de residência de Medicina de Família e Comunidade de Minas Gerais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 16 participantes de três programas de residência, entre março e maio de 2022. A interpretação dos dados seguiu os princípios da Análise Temática de Braun e Clarke. Para os participantes, o SMC é uma demanda frequente na Atenção Primária que deve ser abordada, principalmente com intervenções psicossociais. Contudo, os participantes reconhecem que não têm aplicado essas intervenções nos moldes recomendados pela literatura. Os entrevistados relatam conhecer diversas técnicas de intervenção, mas só sabem aplicar algumas, com destaque para os componentes do "método clínico centrado na pessoa". Esse fato contribui para despertar emoções negativas, como angústia e frustração, e aumentar o número de referenciamentos desnecessários para outros profissionais.(AU)
This work presents a qualitative study of the approach to common mental suffering (CMS) in family and community medicine residency programs in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 participants from three residency programs between March and May 2022. The data were interpreted drawing on the principles of Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. According to the participants, CMS is a frequent demand in primary care and should be approached using mainly psychosocial interventions. However, the participants recognize that they have not applied these interventions in the manner recommended by the literature. The interviewees reported that despite being aware of a diverse range of intervention techniques, they only know how to apply some, with emphasis on the components of the "patient-centered clinical method". This fact has contributed to the awakening of negative emotions, such as anguish and frustration, and increased the number of unnecessary referrals to other professionals.(AU)
Este trabajo presenta un estudio cualitativo sobre el abordaje del sufrimiento mental común (SMC) en programas de residencia de Medicina de Familia y Comunidad del estado de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 16 participantes de tres programas de residencia, entre marzo y mayo de 2022. La interpretación de los datos siguió los principios del Análisis Temático de Braun y Clarke. Para los participantes, el SMC es una demanda frecuente en la atención primaria que hay que abordar, principalmente, con intervenciones psicosociales. No obstante, los participantes reconocen que no han aplicado esas intervenciones en los estándares recomendados por la literatura. Los entrevistados relatan que conocen diversas técnicas de intervención, pero que solo saben aplicar algunas, con destaque para los componentes del método clínico centrado en la persona?. Este hecho contribuye para despertar emociones negativas, tales como angustia y frustración, y para aumentar el número de derivaciones innecesarias para otros profesionales.(AU)
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Resumo Este estudo investigou os efeitos de um programa de intervenção para casais na transição para a parentalidade sobre a saúde mental da mulher e a conjugalidade avaliada pelo casal. Um casal com baixa escolaridade foi submetido a uma adaptação para o contexto brasileiro, em modalidade domiciliar, do programa Bases da Família, com avaliação piloto por um delineamento experimental de caso único com medidas repetidas. O Self-Reporting Questionnaire e o Inventário Beck de Depressão avaliaram a saúde mental da mulher, e a Escala de Ajustamento Diádico e observações da comunicação do casal foram as medidas da conjugalidade. Houve aprimoramento da comunicação do pai e aumento da satisfação diádica autorrelatada pela mãe. O programa não foi eficaz para o favorecimento da saúde mental materna. O foco do programa em dimensões individuais e conjugais da transição para a parentalidade beneficia o relacionamento do casal, entretanto, parece não favorecer a saúde mental materna.
Abstract This study investigated the effects of an intervention program for couples during the transition to parenthood on women's mental health and conjugality as assessed by the couple. A couple with low levels of education underwent a Brazilian-adapted version of the Family Foundations program, with a home-based intervention, using pilot evaluation through a single-case experimental design with repeater measures. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory assessed maternal mental health, while the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and observations of couple communication measured couple functioning. There was an improvement in the father's communication and an increase in the mother's self-reported dyadic satisfaction. The program was not effective in promoting maternal mental health. The program's focus on individual and conjugal dimensions of the transition to parenthood benefits the couple's relationship; however, it does not seem to favor maternal mental health.
Resumen Este estudio investigó los efectos de un programa de intervención para parejas en la transición a la parentalidad sobre la salud mental de la mujer y la conyugalidad evaluada por la pareja. Una pareja con bajo nivel educativo fue sometida a una adaptación del programa Family Foundations para el contexto brasileño, con una intervención en el hogar, evaluado mediante un diseño experimental de caso único con medidas repetidas. El Self-Reporting Questionnaire y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck evaluaron la salud mental materna, y la Escala de Ajuste Diádico y observaciones de la comunicación evaluaron la conyugalidad. Hubo una mejora en la comunicación del padre y un aumento en la satisfacción diádica autoinformada por la madre. El programa no fue efectivo para favorecer la salud mental materna. El enfoque del programa en las dimensiones individuales y conyugales de la transición a la parentalidad beneficia la relación de pareja; sin embargo, no parece favorecer la salud mental de la mujer.
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Objetivo Em 2021, povos indígenas Pataxó, Pataxó Hãhãhãe e Tupinambá foram atingidos por inundações intensas na Bahia. A situação exigiu respostas imediatas das equipes locais de saúde, contando com a assessoria de especialistas em desastres e emergências em saúde pública. Esse estudo de caso aborda o processo de construção de linhas de cuidado ao Bem-Viver dos povos originários afetados, por meio do trabalho colaborativo entre etnias indígenas e equipes de políticas públicas de saúde. Método Foram analisados registros de reuniões, um curso de formação para profissionais de saúde indígena e três documentos de referência. Resultados Abordou-se possibilidades e desafios no cuidado ao Bem-Viver na fase de resposta pós-desastres e emergências em saúde pública, com a garantia da especificidade e do protagonismo das comunidades atendidas. Conclusão Foram apresentadas considerações para o processo de construção de linhas de cuidado ao Bem-Viver de povos originários, buscando oferecer subsídios à conformação de políticas públicas consoantes às particularidades sócio-histórico-culturais de cada etnia.
Objective In 2021, the indigenous communities Pataxó, Pataxó Hãhãhãe and Tupinambá, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were hit by intense floods. The situation required immediate response from local health professionals, with advice from experts in public health disasters and emergencies. This case study focuses on the development of lines of care for the "Buen Vivir" of affected original peoples through collaborative work between indigenous ethnic groups and public health policy professionals. Method Analysis of the records of meetings, a training course for indigenous health professionals and three reference documents was carried out. Results Possibilities and challenges for assuring the "Buen Vivir" in the post-disaster and public health emergency response phase were addressed, guaranteeing the specificity and protagonism of the communities served. Conclusion Contributions were presented along the lines of care construction processes for the "Buen Vivir" of indigenous peoples, pursuing subsidies for public policies in accordance with the socio-historical-cultural particularities of each ethnic group.
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Desastres , Emergências , Saúde Mental em Grupos Étnicos , Povos Indígenas , Intervenção PsicossocialRESUMO
Background: The prevalence of professional burnout increased among healthcare workers during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with negative effects on their mental health. Consequently, research interest in methods to decrease the prevalence of burnout and reduce the effects of burnout on healthcare workers has increased. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Internet-based, psychosocial, and early medical interventions on professional burnout among healthcare workers. Methodology: This systematic review and meta-analysis involved 8004 articles identified from four databases: Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, and clinical trials. Results: Four articles were included in the systematic review, of which two could be meta-analyzed. The pooled effect of the group of interventions compared to control conditions was not statistically significant. Discussion: Evaluating therapeutic effectiveness requires more clinical trials that allow its evaluation. Although we did not find improvements in the three intervention categories, the methodological heterogeneity in each intervention and the need for a standardized intervention guide for managing and decreasing professional burnout, subject to the evaluation of its impact, are highlighted.
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BACKGROUND: Educational settings are ideal for promoting mental well-being and resilience in children. The challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic made evident the important role that teachers and school counselors play in the mental health of their students. Therefore, it is imperative to develop and implement cost-effective interventions that allow them to identify and address mental health problems early, especially in post-armed conflict areas, to reduce the burden of mental disorders in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt an existing patient-focused digital intervention called DIALOG+ from an adult clinical setting to an adolescent educational setting and to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and estimated effect of implementing this intervention as a tool for promoting quality of life, mental well-being, and resilience. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory mixed methods study in 2 public schools in postconflict areas in Tolima, Colombia. This study was conducted in 3 phases. In the adaptation phase, focus groups were conducted with students and teachers to identify changes required in DIALOG+ for it to be used in the school setting. The exploration phase consisted of an exploratory cluster randomized controlled trial. A total of 14 clusters, each with 1 teacher and 5 students, were randomly allocated to either the experimental (DIALOG+S) group or to an active control group (counseling as usual). Teachers in both groups delivered the intervention once a month for 6 months. Through screening scales, information was collected on mental health symptoms, quality of life, self-esteem, resilience, and family functionality before and after the intervention. Finally, the consolidation phase explored the experiences of teachers and students with DIALOG+S using focus group discussions. RESULTS: The changes suggested by participants in the adaptation phase highlighted the central importance of the school setting in the mental health of adolescents. In the exploratory phase, 70 participants with a mean age of 14.69 (SD 2.13) years were included. Changes observed in the screening scale scores of the intervention group suggest that the DIALOG+S intervention has the potential to improve aspects of mental health, especially quality of life, resilience, and emotional symptoms. The consolidation phase showed that stakeholders felt that using this intervention in the school setting was feasible, acceptable, and an enriching experience that generated changes in the perceived mental health and behavior of participants. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are encouraging and show that the DIALOG+S intervention is feasible and acceptable as a promising opportunity to promote well-being and prevent and identify mental health problems in the school context in a postconflict area in Colombia. Larger, fully powered studies are warranted to properly assess the efficacy and potential impact of the intervention and to refine implementation plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry ISRCTN14396374; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14396374. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/40286.
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Introducción: La rehabilitación cardiovascular integral del paciente con infarto agudo de miocardio resulta fundamental para el logro de su bienestar físico y psicológico, y su reinserción a la vida social. Objetivo: Elaborar una estrategia de intervención psicoeducativa para potenciar la rehabilitación cardiovascular integral en pacientes convalecientes de infarto agudo de miocardio, con la visión de especialistas consultados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal en el Hospital Universitario «Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau», de Santa Clara, entre octubre de 2019 y enero de 2021. La muestra estuvo conformada por 27 pacientes que asistieron a la consulta de Cardiología, y 7 especialistas según criterios de inclusión. Las técnicas aplicadas fueron: la revisión de historia clínica, entrevistas semiestructuradas a pacientes y especialistas, la encuesta sobre el conocimiento de la enfermedad, un autorreporte vivencial y la evaluación del estilo vida. Se utilizaron estadísticos descriptivos acorde a la medición de las variables, análisis de contenido y triangulación de la información. Resultados: En los pacientes diagnosticados con estilo de vida poco saludable, predominó un conocimiento medianamente suficiente de la enfermedad; la hipertensión arterial fue el principal factor de riesgo asociado. Se elaboró la estrategia de intervención según las necesidades psicoeducativas identificadas por los pacientes con la visión de especialistas consultados. Se constató que presentan carencia de habilidades para autocontrolar las reacciones emocionales posteriores al suceso cardiovascular. Conclusiones: La estrategia elaborada fue valorada satisfactoriamente por juicio de profesionales, indicándose la posibilidad de ser aplicada en los usuarios a los que está dirigida.
Introduction: comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation of patients with acute myocardial infarction is essential to achieve their physical and psychological well-being, and their reintegration into social life. Objective: to develop a psychoeducational intervention strategy to enhance comprehensive cardiovascular rehabilitation in patients convalescent from acute myocardial infarction, with the vision of consulted specialists. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at "Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau" University Hospital, in Santa Clara, between October 2019 and January 2021. The sample consisted of 27 patients who come to the Cardiology consultation, and 7 specialists according to inclusion criteria. Medical history review, semi-structured interviews with patients and specialists, a survey on knowledge of the disease, an experiential self-report, and a lifestyle evaluation were the techniques applied. Descriptive statistics were used according to the measurement of the variables as well as content analysis and triangulation of the information. Results: a moderately sufficient knowledge of the disease prevailed in patients diagnosed with an unhealthy lifestyle; arterial hypertension was the main associated risk factor. The intervention strategy was developed according to the psychoeducational needs identified by the patients with the vision of the consulted specialists. We verified that they have a lack of abilities to self-control their emotional reactions after the cardiovascular event. Conclusions: the elaborated strategy was satisfactorily valued by professional judgment, which indicates the possibility of being applied to the users to whom it is directed.
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Reabilitação Cardíaca , Assistência ao Paciente , Intervenção Psicossocial , Infarto do MiocárdioRESUMO
Resumen Este estudio analiza los cambios estructurales experimentados por un equipo interprofesional que implementa un programa de intervención psicosocial dirigido a víctimas de la guerra en Colombia. Los equipos están compuestos por psicólogos, trabajadores sociales y facilitadores comunitarios que proporcionan atención a nivel individual, familiar y comunitario. Se aplicaron métodos de evaluación estructural para identificar cambios en la cohesión de las redes de reconocimiento entre profesionales, así como la preferencia para colaborar y el intercambio de información enviada y recibida. La recogida de información se produjo en dos series temporales -tiempo 1 (T1) y tiempo 2 (T2)- con un intervalo de tres meses. Se utilizó una estadística aplicada al análisis de datos relacionales para determinar los cambios en las redes en T1 y T2. En el período de referencia se incrementó la densidad en las redes de reconocimiento [. = 1.7105, (IC 95 %: -.0123 - .185), . < .0444] y de preferencia para trabajar [. = 2.0942, (IC 95 %: .005 - .1521), . < .0218]. Las redes de intercambio de información no experimentaron cambios significativos. Las regresiones múltiples a nivel diádico indican que la preferencia para trabajar e intercambiar información en T1, predicen el intercambio de información relativo tanto a peticiones de información recibidas como enviadas en T2. Se discuten los resultados para optimizar la implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial desarrolladas por equipos interprofesionales.
Abstract The study analyzes the structural changes experienced by an interprofessional team implementing a psychosocial intervention program for victims of war in Colombia. The program is called "PAPSIVI" (Programa de Atención Psicosocial y Salud Integral a Víctimas), which has been operating in Colombia since 2013, thanks to Law 1448 of 2011 to improve the quality of life and repair the damage of the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. It only served people registered in the Single Registry of Victims (RUV), which had 9'165,126 records throughout the country until September 2021. This program follows a comprehensive and restorative approach that defines victims as protagonists of their own process of empowerment and positive change (Laplante and Holguin, 2006; Thompson, 1996). For this purpose, a multilevel intervention is carried out at the individual, family and community levels. The program is implemented by teams of professionals (psychologists, social workers and community facilitators) of varying sizes depending on the number of victims served in the municipalities. Psychologists provide individual psychological care and, to a lesser extent, family therapy is also offered to try to repair psychosocial damage from exposure to situations of violence (Oficina de Promoción Social, 2017). Social workers carry out community interventions to promote the associative fabric and social capital. Community promoters are facilitators and connect professionals with the potential beneficiaries of the intervention. The latter are very important, having themselves the status of victims, which increases the ecological validity of the intervention. Due to the characteristics of the implementation of this initiative, which takes into account the difficulties of the context (with situations of deprivation and vulnerability), as well as the particularities of the participants, it is valid to ask in this research what are the structural changes experienced by the teams of professionals who implement PAPSIVI. For this, structural evaluation methods were applied to identify changes in the cohesion of recognition networks among professionals, the preference to collaborate and the exchange of information sent and received. Data collection took place in two time series (T1 before - T2 after) with an interval of three months. Statistics applied to relational data analysis were used to determine changes in the networks at time T2. In the results it was found that in the baseline period the density in the recognition [t = 1.7105, (95 % CI: -.0123 - .185), p < .0444] and work preference [t = 2.0942, (95 % CI: .005 - .1521), p < .0218] networks increased. Information exchange networks did not experience significant changes. Multiple regressions at the dyadic level indicate that the preference for working and exchanging information at T1 predicts information exchange relative to both information requests received and sent at T2. It is concluded that the results shed light for: (a) optimize the design of psychosocial intervention teams; (b) improve their functioning by introducing horizontal organizational communication tools (among the members of each team), transversal (among the members of the teams implementing the program in different municipalities), and vertical (by promoting communication between professionals and program managers/responsible persons), and (c) achieve that changes in the structure of the teams serve as a diagnostic tool for functional problems of the team associated with the exchange of professional information and the referral of users. Ultimately, better integration of the teams leads to better psychosocial profiles of the users of programs such as PAPSIVI and allows them to better adapt their activities to the needs of the users, which improves the effectiveness of the intervention (Virto, 2021).
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BACKGROUND: Bystanders' role in bullying situations is important, and may exacerbate or minimize the problem. Thus, this article aims to identify the characteristics of anti-bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders. METHODS: This is a scoping review. We included studies that addressed interventions with an emphasis on bystanders, carried out with school children and adolescents, aimed at reducing bullying/cyberbullying and/or increasing defending behavior. Fifteen portals/databases were searched. The selection and extraction processes were carried out through the blind review strategy. The synthesis took place descriptively. RESULTS: We found 12 interventions. The most investigated were KiVa (n = 9), STAC (n = 3), and Curriculum-Based Anti-Bullying (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: There are few anti-bullying programs with an emphasis on bystanders, and the majority are universal programs with strategies applied by teachers, giving little attention to parents. Moreover, most of these programs lack a broader mix of anti-bullying strategies. Therefore, we suggest developing anti-bullying programs with multiple components that contain universal, selective, and indicated strategies.
Assuntos
Bullying , Vítimas de Crime , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Bullying/prevenção & controle , EstudantesRESUMO
La diabetes mellitus gestacional DMG es una enfermedad con consecuencias mortales, incapacitantes y costosas para las personas, las familias, las comunidades y los países. Con el fin de establecer de manera sistemática los factores de riesgo psicosocial asociados con la DMG que deberían ser monitoreados durante y después del embarazo se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline y Cochrane. Se encontraron 1188 artículos y se seleccionaron 41. Algunos temas principales fueron conflictos con prácticas culturales, estigma social, influencia de la etnia/raza, bajo nivel educativo, calidad del sueño, problemas con la lactancia materna, preocupación por la propia salud o la del bebé, baja percepción de riesgo de DMG o de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el futuro, estrés, ansiedad y depresión, conocimiento limitado, falta de apoyo de la pareja, de la familia o social y de los profesionales de la salud, bajos niveles de autocuidado/autoeficacia y dificultades con cambios en el estilo de vida. Estos factores deberían monitorearse en las embarazadas durante y después del parto. Los tratamientos deberían considerar el impacto psicológico y el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo 2 después del parto, y deberían ser incluidos en las guías de práctica clínica. Las poblaciones multiétnicas y los grupos más vulnerables demográficamente y socioeconómicamente son más susceptibles de desarrollar DMG.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease with fatal, disabling, and costly consequences for individuals, families, communities and countries. To systematically establish the psychosocial risk factors associated with GDM that should be monitored during and after pregnancy. Systematic review in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane databases. 1188 articles were found and 41 were selected. Some main themes were conflicts with cultural practices, social stigma, ethnicity/race influence, low educational level, sleep quality, breastfeeding problems, concern for ones own health/baby, low perception of the risk of GDM/DM2 in the future, stress, anxiety and depression, limited knowledge, lack of support from the partner/family/social and health professionals, low levels of self-care/self-efficacy and difficulties with changes in the lifestyle. These factors should be monitored in pregnant women during and after delivery. Treatments should consider the psychological impact and the risk of developing DM2 after childbirth and should be included in clinical practice guidelines. Multi-ethnic populations and the most demographically and socioeconomically vulnerable groups are more susceptible to developing GDM.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Diabetes Gestacional/psicologia , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiologia , Apoio Social , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a multi-professional intervention model on the mental health of middle-aged, overweight survivors of COVID-19. A clinical trial study with parallel groups and repeated measures was conducted. For eight weeks, multi-professional interventions were conducted (psychoeducation, nutritional intervention, and physical exercises). One hundred and thirty-five overweight or obese patients aged 46.46 ± 12.77 years were distributed into four experimental groups: mild, moderate, severe COVID, and control group. The instruments were used: mental health continuum-MHC, revised impact scale-IES-r, generalized anxiety disorder-GAD-7, and Patient health questionnaire PHQ-9, before and after eight weeks. The main results indicated only a time effect, with a significant increase in global MHC scores, emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being, as well as detected a significant reduction in global IES-R scores, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, in addition to a reduction in GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it was possible to identify those psychoeducational interventions that effectively reduced anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients, regardless of symptomatology, in addition to the control group. However, moderate and severe post-COVID-19 patients need to be monitored continuously since the results of these groups did not follow the response pattern of the mild and control groups.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Sobrepeso , Sobreviventes/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: A dificuldade ou impossibilidade para engravidar representa um problema vivenciado por mulheres no mundo inteiro, o que necessita de ações na área da saúde. OBJETIVO: Descrever um relato de experiência de uma intervenção psicossocial para mulheres com histórico de tentativas de gravidez. MÉTODO: Foram realizados seis encontros por meio do sistema remoto com o auxílio do Google Meet. Participaram sete mulheres, na faixa etária entre 30 e 37 anos, casadas, e com histórico de tratamentos para engravidar. Utilizou-se metodologia da Investigação Ação Participante (IAP) e os encontros iniciavam-se com uma temática proposta para discussão buscando fomentar o compartilhamento de experiências. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que as discussões possibilitaram a expressão de suas angústias provenientes das dificuldades para engravidar, o que inclui pressões sociais, percepções de inferioridade, incompletude, e falta de realização pessoal. CONCLUSÃO: O grupo de discussão representou uma estratégia promotora de mudanças e de reflexão/ação. Este espaço permitiu construir o apoio social para o enfrentamento dos desafios inerentes ao projeto maternal. Sugere-se a continuidade destas intervenções nas unidades de saúde e centros especializados para fomentar a promoção da saúde integral, assim como intervenções futuras que focalizem a inclusão dos cônjuges.
OBJECTIVE: The difficulty or impossibility of getting pregnant represents a problem experienced by women all over the world, which requires actions in the health area. OBJECTIVE: To describe an experience report of a psychosocial intervention for women with a history of pregnancy attempts. METHOD: Six meetings were held through the remote system with the help of Google Meet. Seven women participated, aged between 30 and 37 years old, married, and with a history of treatments to get pregnant. Participating Action Research (PAR) methodology was used and the meetings began with a proposed theme for discussion, seeking to encourage the sharing of experiences. RESULTS: It was observed that the discussions made it possible to express their anxieties arising from difficulties in getting pregnant, which includes social pressures, perceptions of inferiority, incompleteness, and lack of personal fulfillment. CONCLUSION: The discussion group represented a strategy to promote changes and reflection/action. This space made it possible to build social support to coping challenges inherent to the maternal project. It is suggested that these interventions be continued in health units and specialized centers to foster the promotion of comprehensive health, as well as future interventions that focus on the inclusion of spouses.
OBJETIVO: La dificultad o imposibilidad de quedar embarazada representa un problema vivido por mujeres de todo el mundo, que requiere acciones en el área de la salud. OBJETIVO: Describir un relato de experiencia de una intervención psicosocial para mujeres con antecedentes de intentos de embarazo. MÉTODO: Se realizaron seis reuniones a través del sistema remoto con la ayuda de Google Meet. Participaron siete mujeres, con edades entre 30 y 37 años, casadas y con antecedentes de tratamientos para quedar embarazadas. Se utilizó la metodología de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) y las reuniones comenzaron con una propuesta de tema de discusión, buscando incentivar el intercambio de experiencias. RESULTADOS: Se observó que las discusiones permitieron expresar sus angustias derivadas de las dificultades para quedar embarazada, que incluye presiones sociales, percepciones de inferioridad, incompletitud y falta de realización personal. CONCLUSIÓN: El grupo de discusión representó una estrategia para promover cambios y reflexión/acción. Este espacio permitió construir apoyo social para enfrentar los desafíos inherentes al proyecto materno. Se sugiere continuar con estas intervenciones en unidades de salud y centros especializados para promover la promoción de la salud integral, así como futuras intervenciones que se centren en la inclusión de los cónyuges.
Assuntos
Intervenção Psicossocial , Gravidez , Infertilidade FemininaRESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: Os cuidados paliativos (CP) são baseados em princípios e auxiliam o paciente no enfrentamento do curso de sua condição clínica através da prevenção e alívio do sofrimento. Realizado através de uma equipe multiprofissional, no contexto de uma internação hospitalar, a psicologia contribui com intervenções na situação psicoemocional do paciente em CP e seus familiares. OBJETIVO: Identificar as intervenções psicológicas mais utilizadas no tratamento de pacientes adultos internados em CP. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa documental de caráter retrospectivo, com delineamento transversal e descritivo. De natureza quantitativa, os dados foram investigados através de Análise Estatística Descritiva. Os dados foram coletados com 70 prontuários de pacientes adultos em CP internados entre os anos de 2019 e 2021 em um hospital público e que foram acompanhados pelo setor de psicologia. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 32 categorias de intervenções psicológicas relacionadas ao paciente e 38 ao cuidador. As categorias foram agrupadas por similaridade temática resultando no grupo de intervenções em demandas emocionais, intervenções em demandas cognitivas, condutas de orientação e psicoeducação, condutas de humanização e grupo de intervenções em demandas familiares. DISCUSSÃO: As condutas psicológicas nos CP podem auxiliar no acolhimento do sofrimento, integração das perdas e mudanças de papéis, elaboração do luto antecipatório, ressignificação da vida, morte, planos e objetivos, criação ou validação de recursos funcionais de enfrentamento e a dar condições biopsicossocioespirituais de lidar com o adoecimento. CONCLUSÃO: Evidenciou-se um grande número de intervenções psicológicas utilizadas no tratamento de pacientes de CP e seus cuidadores.
INTRODUCTION: Palliative Care (PC) is based on principles and helps the patient to face the course of their clinical condition through the prevention and relief of suffering. Carried out by a multidisciplinary team, in the context of a hospital stay, psychology contributes with interventions in the psycho-emotional situation of patients undergoing PC and their families. OBJECTIVE: To identify the most used psychological interventions in the treatment of adult patients hospitalized in PC. METHODS: Retrospective documentary research, with a cross-sectional and descriptive design. Quantitative in nature, the data were investigated through Descriptive Statistical Analysis. Data were collected from 70 medical records of adult PC patients admitted between the years 2019 and 2021 in a public hospital and who were followed up by the psychology sector. RESULTS: 32 categories of psychological interventions related to the patient and 38 to the caregiver were identified. The categories were grouped by thematic similarity resulting in the group of interventions in emotional demands, interventions in cognitive demands, guidance and psychoeducation conducts, humanization conducts and group of interventions in family demands. DISCUSSION: Psychological behaviors in PC can help in accepting suffering, integrating losses and changing roles, elaborating anticipatory grief, re-signification of life, death, plans and goals, creation or validation of functional coping resources and providing biopsychosocial-spiritual conditions of dealing with illness. CONCLUSION: There was evidence of a large number of psychological interventions used in the treatment of PC patients and their caregivers.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidados paliativos (CP) se basan en principios y ayudan al paciente a afrontar el curso de su cuadro clínico a través de la prevención y el alivio del sufrimiento. Realizada por un equipo multidisciplinario, en el contexto de una estancia hospitalaria, la psicología contribuye con intervenciones en la situación psicoemocional de los pacientes en CP y sus familias. OBJETIVO: Identificar las intervenciones psicológicas más utilizadas en el tratamiento de pacientes adultos hospitalizados en CP. MÉTODOS: Investigación documental retrospectiva, con un diseño transversal y descriptivo. De naturaleza cuantitativa, los datos fueron investigados a través del Análisis Estadístico Descriptivo. Se recogieron datos de 70 historias clínicas de pacientes adultos en CP ingresados entre los años 2019 y 2021 en un hospital público y que fueron seguidos por el sector de psicología. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 32 categorías de intervenciones psicológicas relacionadas con el paciente y 38 con el cuidador. Las categorías fueron agrupadas por similitud temática resultando el grupo de intervenciones en demandas emocionales, intervenciones en demandas cognitivas, conductas de orientación y psicoeducación, conductas de humanización y grupo de intervenciones en demandas familiares. DISCUSIÓN: Los comportamientos psicológicos en CP pueden auxiliar en la aceptación del sufrimiento, la integración de las pérdidas y el cambio de roles, la elaboración del duelo anticipatorio, la resignificación de la vida, la muerte, los planes y metas, la creación o validación de recursos funcionales de afrontamiento y la provisión de condiciones biopsicosociales-espirituales de enfrentamiento de la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidenció un gran número de intervenciones psicológicas utilizadas en el tratamiento de pacientes en CP y sus cuidadores.
Assuntos
Cuidados Paliativos , Saúde Pública , Intervenção PsicossocialRESUMO
CONTEXT: Mental illness recognition and referral are required components of professional athletic training education. However, athletic trainers (ATs) often report feeling underprepared to assist patients with mental health emergencies. OBJECTIVE: To determine ATs' frequency of and confidence in psychosocial skill use and their satisfaction with education related to mental illness recognition and referral. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: A total of 226 ATs (86 men, 140 women; age = 35.5 ± 9.9 years, years of practice = 11.9 ± 9.0). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The independent variables were professional athletic training program, professional psychosocial courses, highest education level, psychosocial continuing education units, clinical practice setting, and years of experience. For each skill, individuals identified the average frequency with which the skill was performed each year, rated their confidence in performing the skill, and rated their satisfaction with professional education related to the skill. RESULTS: Anxiety was reported as the symptom most frequently recognized and referred. Most respondents felt moderately or extremely confident in managing patients with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, suicidal ideation, or eating disorders but less confident or unconfident in managing those with psychosis or substance use disorder. The majority of respondents felt dissatisfied or only slightly satisfied with their education related to mental health recognition and referral. Years of clinical practice and self-reported frequency of referral were significantly associated for managing patients with anxiety disorder (\(\def\upalpha{\unicode[Times]{x3B1}}\)\(\def\upbeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B2}}\)\(\def\upgamma{\unicode[Times]{x3B3}}\)\(\def\updelta{\unicode[Times]{x3B4}}\)\(\def\upvarepsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3B5}}\)\(\def\upzeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B6}}\)\(\def\upeta{\unicode[Times]{x3B7}}\)\(\def\uptheta{\unicode[Times]{x3B8}}\)\(\def\upiota{\unicode[Times]{x3B9}}\)\(\def\upkappa{\unicode[Times]{x3BA}}\)\(\def\uplambda{\unicode[Times]{x3BB}}\)\(\def\upmu{\unicode[Times]{x3BC}}\)\(\def\upnu{\unicode[Times]{x3BD}}\)\(\def\upxi{\unicode[Times]{x3BE}}\)\(\def\upomicron{\unicode[Times]{x3BF}}\)\(\def\uppi{\unicode[Times]{x3C0}}\)\(\def\uprho{\unicode[Times]{x3C1}}\)\(\def\upsigma{\unicode[Times]{x3C3}}\)\(\def\uptau{\unicode[Times]{x3C4}}\)\(\def\upupsilon{\unicode[Times]{x3C5}}\)\(\def\upphi{\unicode[Times]{x3C6}}\)\(\def\upchi{\unicode[Times]{x3C7}}\)\(\def\uppsy{\unicode[Times]{x3C8}}\)\(\def\upomega{\unicode[Times]{x3C9}}\)\(\def\bialpha{\boldsymbol{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bibeta{\boldsymbol{\beta}}\)\(\def\bigamma{\boldsymbol{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bidelta{\boldsymbol{\delta}}\)\(\def\bivarepsilon{\boldsymbol{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bizeta{\boldsymbol{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bieta{\boldsymbol{\eta}}\)\(\def\bitheta{\boldsymbol{\theta}}\)\(\def\biiota{\boldsymbol{\iota}}\)\(\def\bikappa{\boldsymbol{\kappa}}\)\(\def\bilambda{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\)\(\def\bimu{\boldsymbol{\mu}}\)\(\def\binu{\boldsymbol{\nu}}\)\(\def\bixi{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\)\(\def\biomicron{\boldsymbol{\micron}}\)\(\def\bipi{\boldsymbol{\pi}}\)\(\def\birho{\boldsymbol{\rho}}\)\(\def\bisigma{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\)\(\def\bitau{\boldsymbol{\tau}}\)\(\def\biupsilon{\boldsymbol{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\biphi{\boldsymbol{\phi}}\)\(\def\bichi{\boldsymbol{\chi}}\)\(\def\bipsy{\boldsymbol{\psy}}\)\(\def\biomega{\boldsymbol{\omega}}\)\(\def\bupalpha{\bf{\alpha}}\)\(\def\bupbeta{\bf{\beta}}\)\(\def\bupgamma{\bf{\gamma}}\)\(\def\bupdelta{\bf{\delta}}\)\(\def\bupvarepsilon{\bf{\varepsilon}}\)\(\def\bupzeta{\bf{\zeta}}\)\(\def\bupeta{\bf{\eta}}\)\(\def\buptheta{\bf{\theta}}\)\(\def\bupiota{\bf{\iota}}\)\(\def\bupkappa{\bf{\kappa}}\)\(\def\buplambda{\bf{\lambda}}\)\(\def\bupmu{\bf{\mu}}\)\(\def\bupnu{\bf{\nu}}\)\(\def\bupxi{\bf{\xi}}\)\(\def\bupomicron{\bf{\micron}}\)\(\def\buppi{\bf{\pi}}\)\(\def\buprho{\bf{\rho}}\)\(\def\bupsigma{\bf{\sigma}}\)\(\def\buptau{\bf{\tau}}\)\(\def\bupupsilon{\bf{\upsilon}}\)\(\def\bupphi{\bf{\phi}}\)\(\def\bupchi{\bf{\chi}}\)\(\def\buppsy{\bf{\psy}}\)\(\def\bupomega{\bf{\omega}}\)\(\def\bGamma{\bf{\Gamma}}\)\(\def\bDelta{\bf{\Delta}}\)\(\def\bTheta{\bf{\Theta}}\)\(\def\bLambda{\bf{\Lambda}}\)\(\def\bXi{\bf{\Xi}}\)\(\def\bPi{\bf{\Pi}}\)\(\def\bSigma{\bf{\Sigma}}\)\(\def\bPhi{\bf{\Phi}}\)\(\def\bPsi{\bf{\Psi}}\)\(\def\bOmega{\bf{\Omega}}\)\({\rm{\chi }}_{87}^2\) = 117.774, P = .016) and suicidal thoughts or actions (\({\rm{\chi }}_{87}^2\) = 179.436, P < .001). For confidence, significant positive associations were present between years of practice and self-reported recognition of patients with anxiety disorders (\({\rm{\chi }}_{145}^2\) = 195.201, P = .003) and referral for those with anxiety disorders (\({\rm{\chi }}_{145}^2\) = 15.655, P = .048) or panic attacks (\({\rm{\chi }}_{145}^2\) = 19.790, P = .011). Significant associations were also noted between the number of continuing education units and self-reported confidence in recognizing suicide (\({\rm{\chi }}_{15}^2\) = 26.650, P = .032), referring for suicidal concerns (\({\rm{\chi }}_{18}^2\) = 40.456, P = .002), recognizing substance use (\({\rm{\chi }}_{18}^2\) = 33.649, P = .014), and referring for substance use (\({\rm{\chi }}_{18}^2\) = 30.918, P = .029). No significant associations were related to satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The ATs with fewer years of clinical practice (ie, who had completed professional programs more recently) expressed higher confidence in mental health recognition and referral than those who had completed professional programs longer ago. We recommend that real-time interactions with individuals who have mental health concerns or emergencies be incorporated into professional education programs and that increased emphasis be placed on continuing education related to these topics.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Esportes , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Emergências , Escolaridade , Esportes/psicologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Satisfação Pessoal , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction: Injuries will always be with an athlete throughout their career. When analyzing the factors that cause athletic injuries, their coaches usually consider environmental and physical training factors, ignoring psychological factors. Objective: Investigate the mental health status of college athletes after serious injuries during competition, discussing the impact of sports injuries on athletes' mental health. Methods: Twelve college athletes were selected as research volunteers. They were divided into two groups by randomization. The control group was followed by traditional psychotherapy while the experimental group received the post-traumatic mental intervention. A comparison was carried out and mainly the general situation of sports injuries and the effect of intervention treatment were analyzed. The impact of psychological intervention methods on athletes' mental health after injuries were also studied using mathematical statistics to analyze the data. Results: There were significant differences in STAI scores in the experimental group before and after the intervention. BFS scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group before and after an intervention. There was no significant difference in the indicators in the control group. Conclusion: Post-traumatic psychological intervention positively affects the mental health recovery of college athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução: Os ferimentos estarão sempre com um atleta durante toda a sua carreira. Ao analisar os fatores que causam as lesões atléticas, seus treinadores geralmente consideram fatores ambientais e de treinamento físico, ignorando os fatores psicológicos. Objetivo: Investigar o estado de saúde mental dos atletas universitários após as lesões graves durante as competições, discutindo o impacto das lesões esportivas sobre a saúde mental dos atletas. Métodos: Foram selecionados 12 atletas universitários como voluntários de pesquisa. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos por randomização. O grupo de controle foi acompanhado pela psicoterapia tradicional enquanto o grupo experimental recebeu intervenção mental pós-traumática. Foi efetuada a comparação e analisada principalmente a situação geral das lesões esportivas e o efeito do tratamento de intervenção. O impacto dos métodos de intervenção psicológica sobre a saúde mental dos atletas após lesões também foi estudado utilizando o método de estatística matemática que é usado para analisar os dados. Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas na pontuação do STAI no grupo experimental antes e depois da intervenção. Os índices de BFS no grupo experimental foram significativamente maiores do que os do grupo de controle antes e depois de uma intervenção. Não houve diferença significativa nos indicadores do grupo de controle. Conclusão: A intervenção psicológica pós-traumática tem um efeito positivo sobre a recuperação da saúde mental dos atletas universitários. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción: Las lesiones siempre acompañarán a un deportista a lo largo de su carrera. Al analizar los factores que causan las lesiones deportivas, los entrenadores suelen tener en cuenta los factores ambientales y de entrenamiento físico, ignorando los factores psicológicos. Objetivo: Investigar el estado de salud mental de los atletas universitarios después de sufrir lesiones graves durante las competiciones, analizando el impacto de las lesiones deportivas en la salud mental de los atletas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron doce atletas universitarios como voluntarios para la investigación. Se dividieron en dos grupos de forma aleatoria. El grupo de control recibió una psicoterapia tradicional, mientras que el grupo experimental recibió una intervención mental postraumática. Se realizó una comparación y se analizó principalmente la situación general de las lesiones deportivas y el efecto del tratamiento de intervención. También se estudió el impacto de los métodos de intervención psicológica en la salud mental de los deportistas después de las lesiones, utilizando el método de la estadística matemática para analizar los datos. Resultados: Hubo diferencias significativas en las puntuaciones del STAI en el grupo experimental antes y después de la intervención. Las puntuaciones del BFS en el grupo experimental fueron significativamente más altas que las del grupo de control antes y después de la intervención. No hubo diferencias significativas en los indicadores del grupo de control. Conclusión: La intervención psicológica postraumática tiene un efecto positivo en la recuperación de la salud mental de los deportistas universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
RESUMO
Objetivamos apresentar uma proposta de atendimento psicossocial grupal oferecida para mulheres adultas que cometeram ofensa sexual, cuidadoras e mães. A experiência está sendo desenvolvida no Distrito Federal, Brasil, com pessoas do gênero feminino provenientes de encaminhamento judicial. Carece que os profissionais das áreas da justiça, saúde, serviço social e psicologia avancem no estudo e na compreensão desta temática, de modo a pensarem a atuação e o apoio terapêutico a essas mulheres. O modo de atendimento é focal e breve, com ênfase na criação de um ambiente lúdico como facilitador das interações grupais e da discussão sobre os temas: identidade; confiança nas relações afetivas e sociais; vivência pessoal com violência física e sexual; configuração de gênero; e expressão da sexualidade e futuro. A abordagem individual também se baseia no enfoque dos temas mencionados. O oferecimento de ajuda à mulher cuidadora ou à mãe tem participação ativa na interrupção do circuito abusivo sexual, pois essa violência é extremamente ocultada, ocasionando uma prolongada vulnerabilidade para as vítimas. Ressalta-se o valor do texto indicando a descrição de ação voltada para uma população permanentemente não estudada e evitada em seu reconhecimento. Os limites desta proposta encontram-se na falta de outras iniciativas que possibilitem uma discussão sobre essa experiência.(AU)
We aim to present a proposal of a group psychosocial intervention offered for adult female sexual offenders, caregivers, and mothers. The intervention is being developed at Federal District, Brazil, with female people coming from judicial referrals. Professionals in the areas of justice, health, social work, and psychology need to advance in the study and understanding this theme to think about action and therapeutic support for these women. The intervention is a focal and brief approach, with emphasis on the creation of a ludic environment as a facilitator of group interactions and discussion about the themes: identity; trust in affective and social relationships; personal experience with physical and sexual violence; gender configuration; and sexuality expression and future. The individual approach is also based on focusing on these themes. The offering of help to the female caregiver or the mother has an active participation in the interruption of the sexual offense circuit, since this violence is extremely hidden, bringing a prolonged condition of vulnerability to the victims. The value of this text is highlighted indicating the description of an action directed to a population that is permanently not studied and whose recognition is avoided. The limits of this proposal are found in the absence of other initiatives that would allow a discussion about this experience.(AU)
Este texto presenta una propuesta de atención psicosocial grupal destinada a mujeres adultas que han cometido delito sexual, a cuidadoras y madres. La intervención se está desarrollando en el Distrito Federal (Brasil), con personas del género femenino provenientes de remisiones judiciales. Es necesario que los profesionales de las áreas de justicia, salud, trabajo social y psicología avancen en el estudio y comprensión de esta temática para pensar en el desempeño y apoyo terapéutico de estas mujeres. El servicio es enfocado y breve, con énfasis en la creación de un ambiente lúdico como facilitador de interacciones grupales y discusión sobre los temas: identidad; confianza en las relaciones afectivas y sociales; experiencia personal con violencia física y sexual; configuración de género; y expresión de la sexualidad y el futuro. El enfoque individual también se centra en estos temas. La oferta de ayuda a la mujer cuidadora o a la madre es importante para la interrupción del circuito de abuso sexual, ya que esta violencia es extremadamente oculta y provoca una vulnerabilidad prolongada a las víctimas. Se destaca el valor del texto con la descripción de la acción dirigida a una población que no es objeto de estudios ni reconocida. Los límites de esta propuesta se encuentran en la ausencia de otras iniciativas que permitan un debate sobre esta experiencia.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Delitos Sexuais , Identidade de Gênero , Intervenção Psicossocial , Ansiedade , Relações Pais-Filho , Pedofilia , Percepção , Arteterapia , Preconceito , Trabalho Sexual , Psicologia , Psicopatologia , Política Pública , Qualidade de Vida , Estupro , Rejeição em Psicologia , Segurança , Educação Sexual , Vergonha , Meio Social , Justiça Social , Problemas Sociais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Tabu , Tortura , Síndrome da Criança Espancada , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Abuso Sexual na Infância , Brasil , Doenças Virais Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Família , Maus-Tratos Infantis , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Proteção da Criança , Responsabilidade Legal , Saúde da Mulher , Poder Familiar , Assédio Sexual , Coerção , Violência Doméstica , Conflito Psicológico , Anticoncepção , Vítimas de Crime , Estatística , Crime , Ameaças , Comportamento Perigoso , Negação em Psicologia , Confiança , Agressão , Sexologia , Violação de Direitos Humanos , Depressão , Medo , Criminosos , Saúde Sexual , Tráfico de Pessoas , Comportamento Criminoso , Abuso Físico , Reincidência , Direitos dos Prisioneiros , Androcentrismo , Liberdade , Experiências Adversas da Infância , Respeito , Abuso Emocional , Evitação da Informação , Privação Social , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Manobra Psicológica , Ódio , Promoção da Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Incesto , Infecções , Inibição Psicológica , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Solidão , Amor , Enganação , Imperícia , Masturbação , NarcisismoRESUMO
RESUMEN Los desastres socioambientales afectan desigualmente a las zonas rurales en comparación con las urbanas. Esta realidad hace que la movilización de recursos comunitarios sea esencial para afrontar estos eventos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la construcción de significados derivados del proceso de intervención comunitaria posterior a un desastre (incendio forestal) entre la comunidad La Palma y el equipo de la Fundación Tierra de Esperanza, planteando como pregunta de investigación ¿Qué significados compartidos surgen del proceso de intervención vivenciado por la comunidad de La Palma y el equipo interventor? El estudio tuvo un diseño fenomenológico, utilizando análisis interpretativo del discurso. Los resultados muestran la emergencia de categorías vinculadas a procesos identitarios, ruralidad, y el despliegue de procesos psicosociales durante la experiencia de intervención vinculados con el afrontamiento comunitario, apoyo social, rol clave de liderazgos femeninos y aprendizajes de la comunidad. Se discute cómo la toma de conciencia de esta comunidad rural incrementó su capacidad de agencia ante eventos en los que cuentan con escaso apoyo gubernamental.
ABSTRACT Socio-environmental disasters affect rural areas unequally, compared to urban areas. This reality makes the mobilization of community resources essential when facing these events. The objective of this study was to analyze the construction of meanings derived from the process of community intervention after a disaster (forest fires) between the La Palma community and the Tierra de Esperanza Foundation team, posing as a research question: What shared meanings emerge from the intervention process experienced by the La Palma community and the intervention team? The study had a phenomenological design, using interpretative discourse analysis. The results show the emergence of categories linked to identity processes, rurality, and the unfolding of psychosocial processes during the intervention experience, linked to community coping, social support, the key role of female leadership, and community learning. It is discussed how the awareness of this rural community increased its capacity for agency in the face of events with little government support.