RESUMO
Pesquisas sobre programas de intervenção que trabalham forças/virtudes para a promoção de saúde de idosos/aposentados ainda são escassas no Brasil. Os objetivos dessa revisão sistemática são identificar: forças/virtudes trabalhadas em programas multicomponentes para promoção de saúde de idosos/aposentados no Brasil; critérios de qualidade metodológica empregados nas intervenções; e resultados dessas intervenções. Realizou-se a busca de artigos empíricos (2000-2017) nas bases de dados SCIELO, BIREME, Pepsic, PsycInfo e Medline. De 445 estudos encontrados, nove foram incluídos na revisão. As principais forças trabalhadas nas intervenções foram: Inteligência social/emocional, Auto-regulação/auto-controle, Prudência/auto-cuidado, Criatividade e Entusiasmo/vitalidade. Todos os estudos apresentaram resultados favoráveis para variáveis de efeito primário, e dois estudos apresentaram resultados para variáveis de efeito secundário. Constatou-se carência de critérios sistemáticos para avaliar a evolução dos programas. Os resultados encontrados contribuem para modelos de intervenção futuros, de políticas e de serviços para promoção de saúde
La investigación sobre programas de intervención para trabajar fortalezas/virtudes en la promoción de la salud de los adultos mayores/jubilados, todavía es escasa en Brasil. Los objetivos de esta revisión sistemática son identificar: fortalezas/virtudes trabajadas en programas multicomponentes para la promoción de salud de adultos mayores/jubilados en Brasil; criterios de calidad metodológica; y los resultados de estas intervenciones. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos empíricos (2000-2017) en las bases de dados: SCIELO, BIREME, Pepsic, PsychInfo y Medline. De los 445 artículos, nueve se incluyeron en la revisión. Las principales fortalezas trabajadas fueron: Inteligencia Social/Emocional; Autorregulación/autocontrol; Prudencia/autocuidado; Creatividad y Entusiasmo/Vitalidad. Todos los estudios presentaron efectos favorables para las medidas de resultado primario y dos de ellos para las medidas de resultado secundario. Se constató falta de criterios sistemáticos para la evaluación de los programas. Se discuten los hallazgos en cuanto a la relevancia para futuros diseños de intervención, políticas y servicios para la promoción de la salud.
Research on intervention programmes aiming to work strengths/virtues for health promotion of the elderly/retirees is still scarce in Brazil. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify: strengths/virtues worked in multicomponent programmes for health promotion of the elderly/retirees in Brazil; methodological quality criteria; and results of these interventions. SCIELO, BIREME, Pepsic, PsychInfo and Medline databases were searched for empirical articles (2000-2017). Out of 445 studies, nine were included in the review. The main strengths worked on in the interventions were Social/Emotional Intelligence, Self-regulation/ self-control, Prudence/self-care, Creativity, and Enthusiasm/Vitality. All studies presented favourable effects for primary outcome measures, and two for secondary outcome measures. Lack of systematic criteria for programme evaluation was detected. Findings are discussed as to their relevance for future intervention designs, policies and services for health promotion.
RESUMO
Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a gratitude intervention on a community sample of adults in relation to aspects involving well-being and mental health. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 1,337 participants, composed of an intervention group (Gratitude group, n = 446), and two control groups (Hassles group, n = 444 and Neutral Events group, n = 447). Participants assigned to the intervention condition were asked to write daily gratitude lists for 14 days, listing moments they had been grateful for during the day. The outcomes analyzed were affect, depression, happiness and life satisfaction. Participants completed the positive affect and negative affect schedule (PANAS), center for epidemiological studies depression scale (CES-D), subjective happiness scale (SHS), and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) three times: pre- and post-intervention and at 14 days after the end of the intervention. Due to attrition, the number of participants analyzed was 410. Results: Before the intervention, the groups did not differ in any of the variables examined, and loss to follow-up was random among the three groups. The gratitude intervention managed to increase positive affect, subjective happiness and life satisfaction, and reduce negative affect and depression symptoms. This change was greater than the changes in the control groups in relation to positive affect. In the other outcomes analyzed, similar changes were observed in the gratitude intervention and the neutral events intervention. Conclusion: Some similarities were found between the Gratitude and the Neutral Events groups probably because participants in the last group usually recorded positive events from their days on the lists, turning it into an activity very similar to that proposed to the gratitude group. Some limitations of the study are discussed, such as the high dropout rate for self-performed online interventions. It is necessary to investigate which characteristics of an intervention ensure better results when the intervention is performed online. Trial Registration: The study is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry, under No. RBR-9j9myd. Trial URL: http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-9j9myd/.