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INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is adversely affecting the mental health of patients infected with the virus and the psychological impact on recovered COVID-19 patients is unclear. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among COVID-19 patients after recovery from the disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 9, 2020, to December 23, 2020. The study used a telemedicine model to enroll recovered COVID-19 patients from a database of patients provided by the health authorities. The National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale (NSESSS) for adults was used to assess PTSD symptoms and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression. RESULTS: The study enrolled 503 recovered COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 41.90 years. The majority were asymptomatic (64.6%), while 21.5% had had moderate to severe forms of the disease. Prevalence rates of PTSD symptoms and depression were 56.9 and 29% respectively. COVID-19 patients with severe forms of the disease were significantly more affected by PTSD symptoms (vs. mild, odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95%confidence interval [CI] 9.9-35.5) and depression (vs. mild, OR = 19.8, 95% CI 9.9-39.5). Similarly, patients who required oxygen or ventilator support reported significantly higher rates of PTSD symptoms (vs. managed at home, OR = 17.4, 95% CI 8.3-36.4) and depression (vs. managed at home, OR = 22.0, 95% CI 10.1-47.7). CONCLUSION: This study reports that recovered COVID-19 patients suffered from a significant amount of depression and experienced significant PTSD symptoms. It will help with addressing a major psychological concern among the recovered subjects.

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Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is adversely affecting the mental health of patients infected with the virus and the psychological impact on recovered COVID-19 patients is unclear. Objectives The study aimed to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among COVID-19 patients after recovery from the disease. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 9, 2020, to December 23, 2020. The study used a telemedicine model to enroll recovered COVID-19 patients from a database of patients provided by the health authorities. The National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale (NSESSS) for adults was used to assess PTSD symptoms and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression. Results The study enrolled 503 recovered COVID-19 patients with a mean age of 41.90 years. The majority were asymptomatic (64.6%), while 21.5% had had moderate to severe forms of the disease. Prevalence rates of PTSD symptoms and depression were 56.9 and 29% respectively. COVID-19 patients with severe forms of the disease were significantly more affected by PTSD symptoms (vs. mild, odds ratio [OR] = 18.7, 95%confidence interval [CI] 9.9-35.5) and depression (vs. mild, OR = 19.8, 95% CI 9.9-39.5). Similarly, patients who required oxygen or ventilator support reported significantly higher rates of PTSD symptoms (vs. managed at home, OR = 17.4, 95% CI 8.3-36.4) and depression (vs. managed at home, OR = 22.0, 95% CI 10.1-47.7). Conclusion This study reports that recovered COVID-19 patients suffered from a significant amount of depression and experienced significant PTSD symptoms. It will help with addressing a major psychological concern among the recovered subjects.

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Objetivo: (1) Verificar a prevalência de cinco indicadores de saúde em agentes penitenciários do município de Londrina-PR e (2) explorar a associação entre os indicadores de saúde. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em outubro de 2007. Agentes penitenciários das duas unidades prisionais do município de Londrina foram amostrados. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas face-a-face, aplicando-se um questionário padronizado e previamente testado. Os indicadores de saúde investigados foram: consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, tabagismo, sobrepeso e obesidade, distúrbios psíquicos menores e prática regular de atividades físicas no lazer. Resultados: Setenta e cinco agentes penitenciários foram entrevistados. Consumo regular de bebidas alcoólicas (71,2%) e excesso de peso corporal (53,4%) foram os indicadores de saúde mais prevalentes. Apenas um entre três agentes penitenciários (37,3%) relatou praticar atividades físicas regulares e a presença de distúrbios psíquicos menores foi observada em 21,3% dos entrevistados. Associação significativa foi verificada entre ausência de prática regular de atividades físicas e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (p=0,03) e presença de distúrbios psíquicos menores (p=0,02). Conclusão: Agentes penitenciários do município de Londrina apresentam alta prevalência de agravos á saúde. Os achados deste estudo podem encorajar a elaboração de políticas de promoção da saúde entre agentes penitenciários e estimular a realização de outras pesquisas no crescente âmbito do sistema prisional brasileiro.

Objectives: (1) To verify the prevalence of five health indicators in prison wardens of Londrina, PR and (2) to explore the association among these indicators. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in October of 2007. Prison wardens from the two penal institutions of Londrina city were sampled. A standardized and pre-tested questionnaire was applied to individuals through face-to-face interviews. The health indicators studied were: alcoholic beverages intake, smoking, overweight and obesity, minor psychological disorders, and regular practice of leisure-time physical activities. Results: Seventy five prison wardens were interviewed. Regular intake of alcoholic beverages (71.2%) and excessive body weight (53.4%) were the most prevalent health indicators. Only one among every three prison wardens (37.3%) reported practicing physical activity regularly and the presence of minor psychological disorders was observed in 21.3% of the interviewed. A significant association was verified between no-physical activity and alcohol intake (p=0.03) and presence of minor psychological disorders (p=0.02). Conclusion: Prison wardens of the city of Londrina present high prevalence of health-related problems. The findings from this study shall encourage the development of pro-health policies among prison wardens and to estimulate further research in the context of the increasingly Brazilian penal system.

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