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BACKGROUND: Despite evidence suggesting a relationship between religiosity and health habits, there is a paucity of studies specifically examining this association in the context of Peruvian university students. This study compared body mass index (BMI), adherence to a healthy lifestyle, and breakfast consumption in Peruvian university students of four religious denominations: Seventh Day Adventists (SDA), Catholics, Baptists, and Evangelicals. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted online among 4557 students from a Peruvian university. The BMI and the frequency of breakfast consumption were evaluated, and the Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS) was applied. The variables studied were associated using simple and multiple linear regression and Poisson models with robust variance. RESULTS: Baptist (B = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.10-0.78; p = 0.011), Catholic (B = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.12-0.47; p = 0.001), and Evangelical (B = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.64; p = 0.014) students had a significantly higher BMI compared to SDA. Baptist (B = -0.2, 95% CI: -0.37--0.05; p = 0.017) and Evangelical (B = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.28--0.03; p = 0.012) students exhibited a lower mean score on the measure of healthy lifestyles compared to SDA students. Additionally, Baptist (PR = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.92--0.12; p = 0.035) and Catholic (PR = -0.3, 95% CI: -0.99--0.19; p = 0.016) students exhibited a lower probability of eating breakfast regularly compared to SDA students. CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should consider these findings when designing and implementing health promotion programs that are culturally sensitive and respectful of the beliefs and practices of all religious groups in university settings.

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Objectives: To identify and analyze the social representations of psychoactive drugs to the protestant religious group and their implications for nursing care. Method: The data collection was carried out in the state and city of Rio de Janeiro, through the Free Evocation of Words technique. Results: The participants were 300 subjects divided into three subgroups with 100 Protestant evangelical subjects. Of them, 74.67% were female (224 participants) and 25.33%, males (76). Final thoughts: The assistance, taking into account the factors beyond spiritual, is beneficial not only for the patient, but also for the Nursing team, because it improves the spiritual awareness and understanding of the individual as a being beyond the disease.

Objetivos: Identificar y analizar las representaciones sociales de las drogas psicoactivas para el grupo religioso protestante y sus implicaciones para el cuidado de enfermería. Método: La recolección de datos se realizó en el estado y ciudad de Río de Janeiro, mediante la técnica de Evocación Libre de Palabras. Resultados: Los participantes fueron 300 sujetos divididos entres subgrupos con 100 sujetos evangélicos protestantes. De ellos, el 74,67% eran mujeres (224 participantes) y el 25,33%, hombres (76). Reflexiones finales: La asistencia, teniendo en cuenta los factores más allá de lo espiritual, es beneficiosa no solo para el paciente, sino también para el equipo de Enfermería, porque mejora la conciencia espiritual y la comprensión del individuo como un ser más allá de la enfermedad.

Objetivos: Identificar e analisar as representações sociais das drogas psicoativas para o grupo religioso protestante e suas implicações para o cuidado de enfermagem. Método: A coleta de dados foi realizada no estado e município do Rio de Janeiro, por meio da técnica de Evocação Livre de Palavras. Resultados: Participaram do estudo, 300 sujeitos divididos em grupos de 100 sujeitos para cada subgrupo de evangélicos protestantes. Dos quais 74,67% eram do gênero feminino (224 participantes) e 25,33 do gênero masculino (25,33%). Considerações Finais: A assistência levando-se em conta os fatores para além do espiritual é benéfica não apenas para o paciente, mas também para a equipe de Enfermagem, pois melhora a consciência espiritual e a compreensão do indivíduo como um ser para além da doença.

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Resumen Se presentan los resultados de investigación desarrollada con dos poblaciones indígenas: la Achagua y la Piapoco, ubicadas al oriente de Colombia, municipio de Puerto Gaitán (Meta). El estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar las tensiones ocurridas al interior de la dimensión espiritual de la cultura indígena, la cual se encuentra en procesos de transición respecto al modelo religioso protestante que ha incursionado en el lugar durante los últimos años. El método desarrollado es la Etnografía, y a partir de realidades encontradas, mediante diálogo y observación; se derivan como resultado las categorías cosmovisión mágica y religiosidad protestante a través de las cuales se indica la existencia de un proyecto colonial religioso al interior de dichos pueblos étnicos.

Abstract This article presents results of an investigation carried out with two indigenous populations: The Achagua and the Piapoco located in eastern Colombia, in the municipality of Puerto Gaitán, Meta. The objective of the study was to analyze tensions that arose within these communities, where the indigenous spiritual dimension is in transition processes with respect to the Protestant religious model that has penetrated the site during last years. The method developed is ethnography and based on the realities found, through dialogue and observation, the resulting categories are the magical worldview and Protestant religiosity, through which the existence of a colonial-religious project is indicated, of said ethnic peoples.

Resumo Apresentam-se os resultados de pesquisas realizadas com duas populações indígenas: o Achagua e o Piapoco, localizado no leste na Colômbia, no município de Puerto Gaitán, Meta. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as tensões que surgiram nessas comunidades, onde a dimensão espiritual indígena está em processo de transição em relação ao modelo religioso protestante que se envolveu no local nos últimos anos. O método desenvolvido é a etnografia, e baseado nas realidades encontradas, através do diálogo e da observação; como resultado, derivam-se as categorias de cosmovisão mágica e religiosidade protestante,por meio das quais é indicada a existência de um projeto colonial religioso dentro desses povos étnicos.

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En este artículo de investigación científica son descritas las concepciones sobre identidad cultural que expresan las jóvenes evangélicas aymaras de la región de Tarapacá en Chile, por medio de las cuales se enfrenta el vacío en el conocimiento sobre los procesos identitarios en poblaciones de jóvenes pentecostales aymaras, que incluyen sistemáticamente distinciones de género. El material forma parte de un estudio mayor que incluyó 25 entrevistas en profundidad a hombres y mujeres aymaras de sectores rurales y urbanos, entre enero y septiembre del 2013. Serán consideradas las entrevistas correspondientes a 8 jóvenes evangélicas estudiantes universitarias de entre 18 y 29 años de edad y se resaltarán tres componentes identitarios significativos: su relación con la masculinidad, la lengua como recurso de identificación, y el territorio como referente identitario. Por último, se concluirá analizando la importancia de la reflexividad sobre los propios supuestos en investigación como factores que invisibilizan los procesos de ciertos grupos sociales.

In this article the authors describe the conceptions of cultural identity that are expressed by young evangelical Christian Aymara women from the region of Tarapacá in Chile. There is a gap in the scientific knowledge regarding the identity processes that occur in the Pentecostal Aymara population, including systematic gender distinctions. The material is part of a major study and is based in 25 in-depth interviews with members of the Aymara communities that included men and women from both rural and urban sectors between January and September 2013. The study uses data from interviews with 8 evangelical university students (aged between 18 and 29 years). Three results are highlighted by the authors: their relation with masculinity, language as an identification resource and territory as a modality of identity. Finally, the article analyzes the importance of reflexivity about the researcher's own assumptions in investigation such as factors that obscure the processes of certain social groups.

Neste artigo são descritas as concepções da identidade cultural que expressam as jovens evangélicas Aimarás da região de Tarapacá no Chile, por meio das quais são enfrentados o vácuo no conhecimento sobre os processos de identidade em populações de jovens pentecostais aymaras, que sistematicamente incluem distinções de género. O material faz parte de um estudo maior, que incluiu 25 entrevistas em profundidade com homens e mulheres aimarás em áreas rurais e urbanas, entre Janeiro e Setembro de 2013. Serão consideradas as entrevistas correspondentes a 8 jovens evangélicas, estudantes universitárias entre 18 e 29 anos idade e destacaram-se tr componentes significativos de identidade: a sua relação com a masculinidade, a linguagem como meio de identificação e o território como uma referéncia de identidade. Finalmente, conclui-se, discutindo a importã¢ncia da reflexividade sobre as próprias premissas da investigação como factores que fazem invisíveis os processos de determinados grupos sociais.

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In this research we focus on the medical evangelist Levi B. Salmans, and The Good Samaritan sanitarium. Doctor Salmans lived in Mexico for about 50 years (1885-1935). During the first part of his stay, he was devoted to found churches and Methodist schools. However, from 1891 he took a turn in his career by founding dispensaries in different towns of Guanajuato to create, in 1899, the private charity association for the sick and infirm The Good Samaritan. His intense, intellectual, and practical work led him to create health journals, to train nurses, and to promote physiotherapies in accordance with the science advances of that time. By itself, this research shows that the history of medicine in Mexico still has long way to go and that Protestant communities, in favor of modernity and scientific knowledge, took a big part in shaping the history of this discipline in Mexico.

La presente investigación expone la figura del médico evangelista Levi Salmans y del sanatorio El Buen Samaritano. El doctor Salmans radicó en México aproximadamente 50 años (1885-1935). Durante la primera parte de su estancia se dedicó a fundar tanto iglesias como escuelas metodistas. Sin embargo, a partir de 1891 dio un giro a su carrera al fundar dispensarios en distintos poblados de Guanajuato hasta crear, en 1899, la Asociación de Beneficencia Privada para Enfermos "El Buen Samaritano". Su intensa labor práctica e intelectual lo llevó a crear revistas de higiene y salud, a formar enfermeras y a promover fisioterapias congruentes con los adelantos surgidos de la modernidad y la ciencia. Por sí misma, esta investigación muestra que la historia de la medicina en México aún tiene un largo camino por recorrer y que las comunidades protestantes, partidarias de la modernidad y del conocimiento científico, fueron partícipes en la institucionalización de la medicina en México.

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The provision of civil liberties to LGBT persons has become part of a global movement in societies across the world. In Brazil, a recent judicial ruling for the first time established the right for homosexual couples to enter into civil unions, despite the presence of widespread disapproval of homosexuality among the population and opposition from prominent religious groups. Picking up on this issue, the following study examines whether religion may factor into the attitudes Brazilians hold toward homosexuality and same-sex civil unions. Using data from the Brazilian Social Research Survey, we find that the most restrictive views toward homosexuality and the strongest opposition to same-sex civil unions are most prevalent among devoted followers of historical Protestant, Pentecostal, and Catholic faith traditions, whereas adherents of Afro-Brazilian and spiritist religions, as well as those with no religious commitment, are inclined to assume a more tolerant moral posture toward such issues. The findings point to religion as a potential influence in future public policy initiatives and social movements involving LGBT issues in Brazil.

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FUNDAMENTO: Sabe-se que hábitos de vida inadequados favorecem a hipertensão, e os adventistas preconizam hábitos saudáveis. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência da hipertensão nos adventistas do sétimo dia na capital e no interior paulistas. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 264 adventistas (41,17 ± 15,27 anos, 59,8% mulheres, com alto nível de religiosidade avaliada pela escala Duke-DUREL). A medida da pressão arterial foi realizada com aparelho automático validado. Nível de significância adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados: A prevalência total de hipertensão foi 22,7%, (27,4% no interior e 15% na capital). Os adventistas da capital diferiram dos do interior (p < 0,05), respectivamente, quanto: escolaridade superior (62% vs 36,6%); ter vínculo empregatício (44%) vs autônomos (40,9%); renda familiar (8,39 ± 6,20 vs 4,59 ± 4,75 salários mínimos) e renda individual (4,54 ± 5,34 vs 6,35 ± 48 salários mínimos); casal responsável pela renda familiar (35% vs 39,6%); vegetarianismo (11% vs 3%); pressão arterial (115,38 ± 16,52/68,74 ± 8,94 vs 123,66 ± 19,62/74,88 ± 11,85 mmHg); etnia branca (65% vs 81,1%); casados (53% vs 68,9%); menor apoio social no domínio material (15,7 ± 5,41 vs 16,9 ± 4,32) e lembrar da última vez que mediu a pressão arterial (65% vs 48,8%). A análise multivariada associou hipertensão com: 1) vegetarianismo (OR 0,051, IC95% 0,004-0,681), 2) escolaridade (OR 5,317, IC95% 1,674-16,893), 3) lembrar quando mediu a pressão (OR 2,725, IC95% 1,275-5,821), 4) aposentado (OR 8,846, IC95% 1,406-55,668), 5) responsável pela renda familiar (OR 0,422, IC95% 0,189-0,942). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de hipertensão dos adventistas foi menor se comparada com estudos nacionais, sendo menor na capital em relação ao interior possivelmente por melhores condições socioeconômicas e hábitos de vida.

BACKGROUND: Inadequate life habits are known to favor hypertension, and Adventists recommend healthy life habits. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of hypertension among Seventh-Day Adventists from the inner São Paulo state and São Paulo state capital. METHODS: This study assessed 264 Adventists (mean age, 41.17 ± 15.27 years; women, 59.8%) with a high religiosity level assessed by use of the Duke University Religion Index. Blood pressure was measured with a validated automatic device. The significance level adopted was p < 0.05. RESULTS: The total prevalence of hypertension was 22.7% (27.4% in the inner state and 15% in the capital). The Adventists from the capital differed from those of inner state as follows (p < 0.05), respectively: higher education (62% vs 36.6%); employed by a third party (44%) vs self-employed (40.9%); family income (8.39 ± 6.20 vs 4.59 ± 4.75 minimum wages); individual income (4.54 ± 5.34 vs 6.35 ± 48; couple responsible for family income (35% vs 39.6%); vegetarianism (11% vs 3%); blood pressure (115.38 ± 16.52/68.74 ± 8.94 vs 123.66 ± 19.62/74.88 ± 11.85 mmHg); white ethnicity (65% vs 81.1%); married (53% vs 68.9%); lower tangible support in the social aspect (15.7 ± 5.41 vs 16.9 ± 4.32); and recalling the last time one's blood pressure was measured (65% vs 48.8%). On multivariate analysis, hypertension associated with the following: 1) vegetarianism (OR 0.051; 95% CI: 0.004-0.681); 2) educational level (OR 5.317; 95% CI: 1.674-16.893); 3) recalling the last time one's blood pressure was measured (OR 2.725; 95% CI: 1.275-5.821); 4) being retired (OR 8.846; 95% CI: 1.406-55.668); and 5) being responsible for family income (OR 0.422; 95% CI: 0.189-0.942). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension among Adventists was lower as compared with that reported in Brazilian studies, and it was lower in the São Paulo state capital as compared with that in the inner São Paulo state, possibly because of the better socioeconomic conditions and life habits of the former.

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Desde os primeiros séculos da era cristã, a sexualidade foi amplamente discutida pelo cristianismo, aparecendo nas pregações, nos tratados teológicos, nas orientações doutrinárias e nos códigos morais. A instituição eclesiástica preocupou-se com a vida sexual da sociedade ocidental, dispondo-se a orientá-la segundo suas prescrições. A partir da revisão da literatura histórica, o presente trabalho demonstra o interesse do cristianismo pela sexualidade a ponto de tentar torná-la domínio exclusivo da Igreja. Ao longo da história, a Igreja cristã desenvolveu mecanismos de observação e instrumentos de controle para manter desejo e sexo sob sua tutela com o propósito de ampliar seus dispositivos de poder.(AU)

Since the early centuries of the Christian era, sexuality has been broadly discussed by Christianity. It has appeared in sermons, theological treatises, doctrinal orientations and moral codes. The ecclesiastical institution has been concerned about the sexual life of Western society, and has decided to guide it according to its prescriptions. Based on a review of the historical literature, the present work shows the interest of Christianity in sexuality as it has tried to make sexuality become the Church’s exclusive domain. Throughout history, the Christian Church developed observation mechanisms and control instruments to keep desire and sex under its protection, aiming to extend its power devices.(AU)

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Desde os primeiros séculos da era cristã, a sexualidade foi amplamente discutida pelo cristianismo, aparecendo nas pregações, nos tratados teológicos, nas orientações doutrinárias e nos códigos morais. A instituição eclesiástica preocupou-se com a vida sexual da sociedade ocidental, dispondo-se a orientá-la segundo suas prescrições. A partir da revisão da literatura histórica, o presente trabalho demonstra o interesse do cristianismo pela sexualidade a ponto de tentar torná-la domínio exclusivo da Igreja. Ao longo da história, a Igreja cristã desenvolveu mecanismos de observação e instrumentos de controle para manter desejo e sexo sob sua tutela com o propósito de ampliar seus dispositivos de poder. (AU)

Since the early centuries of the Christian era, sexuality has been broadly discussed by Christianity. It has appeared in sermons, theological treatises, doctrinal orientations and moral codes. The ecclesiastical institution has been concerned about the sexual life of Western society, and has decided to guide it according to its prescriptions. Based on a review of the historical literature, the present work shows the interest of Christianity in sexuality as it has tried to make sexuality become the Church’s exclusive domain. Throughout history, the Christian Church developed observation mechanisms and control instruments to keep desire and sex under its protection, aiming to extend its power devices. (AU)

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Old Colony Mennonites in Mexico appear to demonstrate natural fertility, using no form of artificial birth control and apparently not attempting to limit family size. The resulting fertility is nearly as high as that of the Hutterites, although the Mennonites lack the communal economic system of the latter. Most Mennonites in Mexico migrated from Canada in the 1920s, and the largest single settlement, called the Manitoba Colony, is one of four in the state of Chihuahua. A 1967 partial census obtained data from 38% of the Mennonite households. Family size in the sample was close to that in a local survey taken in the same year. Available church records matched with census forms permitted verification of and corrections to 560 female reproductive histories. The median number of live births to women over age 45 years was 9.5, compared with 10.4 in the Hutterites. Age-specific marital fertility rates and birth intervals closely resembled those of the Hutterites.

PIP: Old Colony Mennonites in Mexico appear to demonstrate natural fertility, use no form of artificial birth control, and are apparently not attempting to limit family size. The resulting fertility is nearly as high as that of the Hutterites, although the Mennonites lack the communal economic system of the latter group. Most Mennonites in Mexico migrated from Canada in the 1920s and the largest single settlement, called the Manitoba Colony, is 1 of 4 in the state of Chihuahua. A partial census in 1967 obtained data from 38% of the Mennonite households. Family size in the sample was close to that of a local survey taken in the same year. Available church records matched with census forms permitted verification of and corrections to 560 female reproductive histories. The median number of livebirths to women over age 45 was 9.5 compared with 10.4 in the Hutterite community. Age- specific marital fertility rates and birth intervals closely resembled those of the Hutterites.

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