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RESUMEN Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa sobre prótesis valvulares cardíacas es una de las formas más graves de esta enfermedad, de difícil diagnóstico y asociada con elevada mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir las características de la endocarditis infecciosa en válvulas cardíacas protésicas. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal desde 2006 hasta 2019 en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. La muestra fue de 40 pacientes. Se utilizaron estadígrafos descriptivos como la media aritmética y la desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas continuas y el porcentaje para las cualitativas. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 54,29±16,07 años, predominaron aquellos con edades entre 40-49 y 60-69 años (27,5%), así como del sexo masculino (67,5%), y el tipo de endocarditis más frecuente fue la tardía 65%. La sepsis oral (27,5%) y la cirugía previa (25%) fueron la puerta de entrada más frecuente. Prevalecieron los cultivos negativos (40%) y los agentes causales estafilococos coagulasa negativos (25%) y estafilococos áureos (10%). En las complicaciones predominaron las insuficiencias cardíacas (32%) y renal (22,5%), y un 20% de los casos tuvo dehiscencia de sutura. El 52,5% de los pacientes recibió tratamiento quirúrgico y la mortalidad fue del 30%. Conclusiones: Predominó la endocarditis tardía, con hemocultivo negativo y de prótesis aórtica. La dehiscencia de prótesis fue el hallazgo ecocardiográfico más encontrado y la insuficiencia cardíaca, la complicación más frecuente. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue el más utilizado y la mortalidad, ajustada para esta enfermedad, fue baja.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infective endocarditis in prosthetic heart valves is one of the most severe forms of this disease of difficult diagnosis and associated with high mortality. Objective: To describe the characteristics of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Method: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted from 2006 to 2019 at Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras. The sample consisted of 40 patients. Descriptive statistics such as arithmetic mean and standard deviation were used for continuous quantitative variables, and percentage for qualitative ones. Results: The average age of the patients was 54.29+16.07 years old, predominating those between 40-49 and 60-69 years old, as well as males (67.5%); the most frequent type of endocarditis was the late one (65%). Oral sepsis (27.5%) and previous surgery (25%) %) were the most frequent entry points. Negative cultures (40%) and coagulase-negative staphylococcus causative agents (25%) and staphylococcus aureus (10%) prevailed. Heart failure (32%) and kidney failure (22.5%) were the most frequent complications, and 20% of cases had suture dehiscence. The 52.5% of patients received surgical treatment and the mortality was of the 30%. Conclusions: Late endocarditis predominated, with negative blood cultures and of aortic valve prosthesis. Prosthesis dehiscence was the most frequent echocardiographic finding and the heart failure, the most frequent complication. The surgical treatment was the most used, and the mortality, adjusted for this disease, was low.

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Non-diphtheriae Corynebacterium species are usually considered as contaminants of clinical specimens due to their widely environmental distribution and colonization of the human skin and mucous membranes. However, these bacteria have been increasingly recognized as agents of life-threatening infections mainly in individuals in immunosuppressive conditions. These organisms have vast variation in morphology and biochemical reaction, characteristics that make the correct identification of Corynebacterium at the species level extremely difficult using conventional phenotypic methods. The precise identification of C. amycolatum requires approaches rarely available in conventional clinical microbiology laboratories, such as API Coryne system, 16s rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing. In this setting, MALDI-TOF, a quick, accurate, and relatively unexpansive molecular technique, arises as a cost-effective alternative for characterizing these agents. Here, a rare and lethal case of endocarditis caused by C. amycolatum is presented. This is the first case of infective endocarditis due to C. amycolatum reported in Brazil.

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Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an alternative treatment for severe aortic valve stenosis (AS) in patients with prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a rare complication of this relatively novel procedure and current guidelines do not include specific recommendations for its treatment. We report a case of PVE due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa after TAVI that required SAVR, with successful outcome. PVE usually occurs during the first year after TAVI and entails a high mortality risk because patients eligible for this min-imally invasive procedure are fragile (i.e. advanced age and/or severe comorbidities). Additionally, clinical presentation may be atypical or subtle and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) may not be conclusive, which delays diagnosis and treatment worsening the prognosis. This case highlights that open SAVR might be ultimately indicated as part of treatment for TAVI-PVE despite a high-risk surgery score.