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The demand for organic and functional food continues to increase yearly. Among the available functional foods, propolis is a bee product that has various beneficial properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, it generally is only available in ethanol solution, which has poor bioavailability, as it is relatively insoluble in water. The use of such ethanol extracts is often objectionable because of the alcohol content and because they have a strong and striking taste. Development of alternatives that can efficiently and safely increase solubility in water, and that meet organic production specifications, has been a challenge. To address these concerns, microcapsules were developed using spray-dryer technology from an emulsion based on EPP-AF® propolis and gum arabic (i-CAPS). These propolis-loaded microcapsules were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, TGA, HPLC, and spectrophotometric techniques, along with determination of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antihypercholesterolemic activities, as well as permeability in in vitro models. The production system resulted in microcapsules with a spherical shape and an encapsulation efficiency of 93.7 ± 0.7%. They had IC50s of 2.654 ± 0.062 and 7.342 ± 0.058 µg/mL by FRAP and DPPH antioxidant methods, respectively. The EPP-AF® i-CAPS also had superior antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Antitumor activity was calculated based on the concentration that inhibited 50% of growth of AGS, Caco-2, and MCF-7 cell strains, giving results of 154.0 ± 1.0, 117 ± 1.0, and 271.0 ± 25 µg/mL, respectively. The microcapsule presentation reduced the permeation of cholesterol by 53.7%, demonstrating antihypercholesterolemic activity, and it improved the permeability of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C. The IC50 for NO production in RAW 264.7 cells was 59.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of this new propolis product as a food and pharmaceutical ingredient, though additional studies are recommended to validate the safety of proposed dosages.

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The chemical composition of propolis varies between different types, due to the specific vegetation found near the hives and the climatic and soil conditions worldwide. Green propolis is exclusive to Brazil, produced by bees, with the resin of the plant Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brown propolis is a specific variety produced mainly in Northeast Brazil from the plant Hyptis divaricata, also known as "maria miraculosa". Dark propolis is a variety of propolis produced by bees from the resin of the plant known as Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis benth). In this study, the aqueous extracts of green, brown, and dark propolis were analyzed for their antioxidant capacity using ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH, and their chemical profiles were determined using paper spray mass spectrometry. Among the three extracts, green propolis had the highest content of total phenolic compounds (2741.71 ± 49.53 mg GAE. 100 g-1), followed by brown propolis (1191.55 ± 36.79 mg GAE. 100 g-1), and dark propolis had the lowest content (901.79 ± 27.80 mg GAE. 100 g-1). The three types of propolis showed high antioxidant capacity, with green showing the highest antioxidant capacity for the three methods used. Using paper spray mass spectrometry, it was possible to suggest the presence of 116 substances, including flavonoids (56), phenylpropanoids (30), terpenes (25), carboxylic acids (1), benzoic acid derivatives (1), fatty acids (1), amino acids (1) and alkaloids (1). The compounds in the green, brown, and dark propolis extracts reinforce the bioactive potential for application in these tree extracts' food and pharmaceutical products.

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Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal nail infection caused by several filamentous and yeast-like fungi, such as the genus Candida spp., of great clinical importance. Black yeasts, such as Exophiala dermatitidis, a closely related Candida spp. species, also act as opportunistic pathogens. Fungi infectious diseases are affected by organisms organized in biofilm in onychomycosis, making treatment even more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility profile to propolis extract and the ability to form a simple and mixed biofilm of two yeasts isolated from the same onychomycosis infection. The yeasts isolated from a patient with onychomycosis were identified as Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto and Exophiala dermatitidis. Both yeasts were able to form simple and mixed (in combination) biofilms. Notably, C. parapsilosis prevailed when presented in combination. The susceptibility profile of propolis extract showed action against E. dermatitidis and C. parapsilosis in planktonic form, but when the yeasts were in mixed biofilm, we only observed action against E. dermatitidis, until total eradication.

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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of increasing levels of red propolis extract (RPE) on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, rumen parameters, metabolic parameters, and performance of feedlot lambs. Thirty-five uncastrated male Santa Inês lambs with an initial weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg were used in a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 mL RPE/animal/day). The animals were confined for 68 days. Red propolis extract induced a negative quadratic response (P < 0.05) in the intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and metabolizable energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber, as well as the rumen concentration of NH3-N, also responded quadratically (P < 0.05) to RPE. Feeding efficiency increased linearly (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of RPE, whereas rumination efficiency was maximum (P < 0.05) at the RPE level of 16 mL/day. Red propolis extract induced a linear response (P < 0.05) in serum total protein, albumin, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. There was a quadratic effect on final body weight and average daily gain with minimum values for inclusion of RPE of 12.89 mL/day and 10.93 mL/day respectively. Feed efficiency rose linearly (P < 0.05) with the increasing concentrations of RPE in the diet. The inclusion of 21 mL RPE/day (8.5 mg total flavonoids/mL) in the diet of feedlot lambs is recommended to reduce the rumen NH3-N production and increase the animals' performance.

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This article describes Neocosmospora keratoplastica as an etiological onychomycosis agent. Ex vivo studies were initially performed to demonstrate the ability of this species to grow and form a well-organized characteristic biofilm on sterilized healthy nails. Based on the history of excellent results, both for antifungal and antibiofilm, of propolis resin gum, we evaluated its activity using artificially formed biofilm. In vitro, the minimal biofilm eradication concentration of the propolis extract (PE) was 375 µg of total polyphenol content (TPC) per mL, while for the propolis gel (PG) it was 450 µg of TPC per mL. In biofilm exposed to the propolis products, a decrease in hyphae and conidia was evident, accompanied by a disorganization of the extracellular matrix. Additionally, this low concentration of PE was able to significantly reduce the number of colony-forming units and the metabolic activity. Furthermore, the treatment of a 15-year nail infection due to N. keratoplastica was carried out exclusively using a topical treatment with a gel containing propolis (30%) with a daily dosage. This treatment achieved complete remission of the onychomycosis in 12 months. It is important to point out that some inconveniences previously reported by other patients treated with propolis extract were eliminated, increasing adherence to treatment.

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Microneedles (MNs) are a means to break the protective skin barrier in a minimally invasive way. By creating temporary micropores, they make biologically active agents available in the skin layers. Propolis (PRP) is a gum resin with a complex chemical composition, produced by bees Apis mellifera L. and showing several therapeutic properties (i.e., antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, healing, and immunomodulatory properties). The administration of PRP extracts by conventional routes has some disadvantages, such as running off over the skin in liquid or emulsion form. When taken orally, the extracts have a strong and unpleasant taste. The aim of this work was to fabricate and characterize microneedles containing polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poloxamer P407, and an ethanolic or glycolic extract of PRP. Also, the obtained structures were microscopically and mechanically characterized. The results of the mechanical analysis showed that formulations containing 3% of P407 presented the highest compression values in a hard surface, which was also confirmed by the height and base values of the morphological analysis and by the microscopy images. It was possible to design MNs and select the best formulations for future tests. MNs containing an ethanolic extract of PRP showed to be better structured than MNs containing a glycolic extract of PRP. The MNs obtained in these studies proved to be a promising platform for the topical application of PRP.

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To reduce the number of preservatives in foods, this study evaluated the oxidative, microbiological, and sensory stability of fish salami containing a red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) in place of the butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) antioxidant. Initially, the RPHE was characterized chemically and biologically. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and physicochemical activity of the most accepted salami formulation in sensory analysis (F3 = 0.4% RPHE) and of the control formulations (F1 = 0.01% BHT and F5 = without antioxidant) were evaluated during the maturation. RPHE showed promising biological activity. 16 chemical compounds were identified in the RPHE, including the chemical marker formononetin. Salami with 0.4% RPHE showed high sensory acceptance and effectively delayed deterioration (19.67 mg TVB-N 100/g) and lipid oxidation of salami (0.7 mg MDA eq/kg). The use of RPHE as a natural preservative is promising to produce fish salami.

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Developing biodegradable active films has been a promising green approach to overcoming global concerns over the environmental pollution and human health caused by plastic utilization. This study aimed to develop active films based on chitosan (CS), produced from waste crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) shells enriched with bioactive extract (5-20%) of propolis (PS) and to characterize its properties, envisaging food packaging applications. The chromatographic profile of PS extract confirmed its richness, with 41 phenolic compounds. With increasing extract addition to the chitosan, the thickness of the films increased from 61.7 to 71.7 µm, causing a reduction in the light transmission rate, along with a greenish colour shift. The interactions between PS extract and CS was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, at the same time that the microstructural integrity of the films was checked on the scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The findings also showed that addition of PS enhanced the films thermal stability and mechanical properties e.g., tensile modulus, yield strength, and stress at break. Besides, it improved the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Overall, CS-based composite films seem a promising green alternative to petroleum-based synthetic plastics allowing to extend the shelf life of food products due to their eco-friendly nature.

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BACKGROUND: Propolis has been considered a highly valuable material due to its therapeutic properties. However, in Colombia, the commercialization of propolis is limited not only by low production but also by the little knowledge about its efficient extraction. Therefore, finding an optimal and economical extraction method to obtain propolis is a necessity for beekeepers that would open new possibilities for industrial use and, therefore, for the market. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate a conventional and ultrasound-assisted extraction method, seeking to obtain the highest yield and a high amount of content of bioactive compounds in propolis extracts. METHODS: The extraction was carried out for three crude propolis from different types of bees: Tetragoniscaangustula or Angelita (ANG), Meliponaeburnea or Melipona(MEL), and Scaptotrigonaspp (SCT). The extracts were characterized by color, pH, visual appearance, solid content, antioxidant capacity, total polyphenol content, and bacterial inhibition capacity. RESULTS: The highest extraction performance was obtained when the ultrasound-assisted method was used, especially for the ANG extract, which in addition to presenting inhibition for gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. Aureus) bacteria, had the best antioxidant activity with a value of 545 mg GAE / 100 g of sample and total polyphenol content of 1,884 mg GAE / 100 g of sample. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-assisted extraction can be considered a low-cost alternative to increase the extraction performance of crude propolis, together with its total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, without altering its physical properties

ANTECEDENTES: El propóleos ha sido considerado un material de alto valor por sus propiedades terapéuticas. Sin embargo, en Colombia la comercialización de propóleos está limitada no solo por la baja producción sino también por el incipiente conocimiento sobre la extracción eficiente de este. Por ello, encontrar un método de extracción óptimo y económico para la obtención de propóleos es una necesidad para los apicultores que abriría nuevas posibilidades para el uso industrial y por tanto para el mercado. OBJETIVOS: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar un método de extracción convencional y asistido por ultrasonido (US) buscando el mayor rendimiento y alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos en extractos de propóleos. MÉTODOS: La extracción se realizó para tres propóleos crudos de diferentes tipos de abejas Tetragonisca angustula o Angelita(ANG), Melipona eburnea o Melipona (MEL) y Scaptotrigona spp (SCT). Todos los extractos se caracterizaron por su color, pH, apariencia visual, contenido de sólidos, capacidad antioxidante, contenido total de polifenoles y capacidad de inhibición bacteriana. RESULTADOS: El mayor rendimiento de extracción se obtuvo cuando se usó el método asistido por ultrasonido y específicamente para el extracto ANG, que además de presentar inhibición para bacterias gram negativas (E. coli) y gram positivas (S. Aureus), tuvo la mejor actividad antioxidante con un valor de 545 mg GAE / 100 g de muestra y contenido total de polifenoles de 1884 mg GAE / 100 g de muestra. CONCLUSIONES: La extracción asistida por ultrasonido puede considerarse una alternativa de bajo costo para aumentar el rendimiento de extracción del propóleos crudo, así como su contenido total de polifenoles y capacidad antioxidante sin alterar sus propiedades físicas

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Twenty-four male Nellore steers (445 ± 31 kg initial body weight) were used to evaluate the effects of different doses of phenolic compounds from a propolis-based product (PBP) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat fatty acid (FA) profile. The total mixed ration consisted of 470 g kg-1 corn silage and 530 g kg-1 concentrate (dry matter [DM] basis), which were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (CON, without phenolic compounds from the propolis extract), PBP1 (225 mg of phenolic compounds g-1 of propolis dry extract), and PBP2 (300 mg of phenolic compounds g-1 of propolis dry extract). The animals were fed in a feedlot for 84 days and presented an average final body weight (FBW) of 542 kg. Dietary addition of phenolic compounds had no overall effect on growth performance. Mean values for dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were 9.99 kg d-1, 1.14 kg d-1 and 8.82 kg DM kg gain-1, respectively. Hot carcass weight and hot carcass yield had average values of 308 kg and 56.8%, respectively. In addition, carcass traits did not change after PBPs were added to the diet, except for the ribeye area, which was higher for PBP2 (21.5 cm2 100 kg-1) than for PBP1 (18.6 cm2 100 kg-1). Dietary addition of PBPs maintained redness better than the controls after 9 days in the refrigerator; no major changes were observed in the meat FA profile after the addition of PBPs to the diet. These results suggest that phenolic compounds present in propolis (300 mg g-1) have positive effects on meat color and improve the sensory quality of meat.(AU)

Foram utilizados vinte e quatro novilhos da raça Nelore (445 ± 31 kg de peso corporal inicial) para avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de compostos fenólicos obtidos a partir de produto a base de própolis (PBP) sobre o desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça e perfil de ácidos graxos (AG). A ração total foi constituída em 470 g kg-1 de silagem de milho e 530 g kg-1 de concentrado (com base na matéria seca) e os animais foram distribuídos nos seguintes tratamentos: controle (CON, sem compostos fenólicos do extrato seco de própolis), PBP1 (225 de compostos fenólicos g-1 de extrato seco de própolis) e PBP2 (300 mg de compostos fenólicos g-1 de extrato seco de própolis). Os animais foram alimentados em confinamento por 84 dias e apresentaram peso corporal final médio de 542 kg. A adição dos compostos fenólicos da própolis na ração não influenciou o desempenho produtivo. Os valores médios para consumo de matéria seca, ganho médio diário e conversão alimentar foram 9,99 kg d-1, 1,14 kg d-1 e 8,82 kg MS kg ganho-1, respectivamente. O peso de carcaça quente e o rendimento de carcaça quente apresentaram valores médios de 308 kg e 56,8%; respectivamente. Além disso, as características da carcaça não foram alteradas após a adição dos PBPs à dieta, exceto para a área de olho de lombo, que foi maior para o tratamento PBP2 (21,5 cm2 100 kg-1) quando comparada ao PBP1 (18,6 cm2 100 kg-1). A adição dos PBPs manteve a carne mais vermelha do que o CON após 9 dias na geladeira; não foram observadas grandes alterações no perfil de AG da carne após a adição dos PBPs à dieta. Os resultados sugerem que os compostos fenólicos presentes na própolis (300 mg g-1) têm efeitos positivos na coloração da carne, melhorando sua qualidade sensorial.(AU)

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Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the inductive effect of a combination of propolis and BBG extract on RUNX2 and ALP expression in the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya. Fifty- six Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: polyethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract + PEG, BBG + PEG, and propolis extract + BBG + PEG. The lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket subsequently filled with material according to the specific group of which the subject was a member. The subjects were sacrificed on the 14th and 30th days. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis was then carried out by means of One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The mean number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions in each group was significantly different. The highest number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG group on the 30th day, while the lowest expressions were observed in the control group on the 14th day. A combination of propolis and BBG extract at a concentration of 2% of active substance effectively increases the expression of RUNX2 and ALP in preserving the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya.

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ABSTRACT This work carried out a literary review of the different aspects related to the use of propolis in the management of plant crops and their advances in agriculture. Propolis is a product widely known for its therapeutic capacity. Due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, among other biological activities, its use has been studied in agriculture. Studies they show that the use of propolis via ethanolic propolis extract (EEP) provides beneficial effects on crops. These benefits are associated with the control of phytopathogens, postharvest preservation and conservation of fruits and vegetables and promotion of plant growth. There is evidence that benefits are the result of the propolis chemical composition that is especially rich in phenolic compounds and nutrients. In addition, the typical waxy property of propolis results in an efficient biofilm in plant tissues. There are still scarce reports showing that the use of EEP in crop management controls the presence of insects and reduces water stress in plants. Generally, studies are mainly focused on in vivo and greenhouse evaluations, requiring further research to elucidate the full potential of the use of propolis in crop management.

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This work carried out a literary review of the different aspects related to the use of propolis in the management of plant crops and their advances in agriculture. Propolis is a product widely known for its therapeutic capacity. Due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, among other biological activities, its use has been studied in agriculture. Studies they show that the use of propolis via ethanolic propolis extract (EEP) provides beneficial effects on crops. These benefits are associated with the control of phytopathogens, postharvest preservation and conservation of fruits and vegetables and promotion of plant growth. There is evidence that benefits are the result of the propolis chemical composition that is especially rich in phenolic compounds and nutrients. In addition, the typical waxy property of propolis results in an efficient biofilm in plant tissues. There are still scarce reports showing that the use of EEP in crop management controls the presence of insects and reduces water stress in plants. Generally, studies are mainly focused on in vivo and greenhouse evaluations, requiring further research to elucidate the full potential of the use of propolis in crop management.

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Aim: Elucidate the antifungal efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles with ethanolic propolis extract (AgNPs PE) against the planktonic forms and biofilms of clinically important fungi. Materials & methods: AgNPs were synthesized, characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimicrobial activity. Results: AgNPs PE displayed a colloidal appearance, good stability and size of 2.0-40.0 nm. AgNPs PE demonstrated lower cytotoxicity and nonmutagenic potential. In addition, AgNPs PE displayed antifungal properties against all tested isolates, inhibiting growth at concentrations lower than the cytotoxic effect. Mature biofilms treated for 48 h with AgNPs PE showed significant reduction of viable cells, metabolic activity and total biomass. Conclusion: This is the first time that AgNPs have been synthesized from an ethanolic extract of propolis only, proving antifungal, antibiofilm, atoxic and nonmutagenic properties.

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The chemotherapy of schistosomiasis remains centered in the use of praziquantel, however, there has been growing resistant parasites to this drug. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate in vitro schistosomicidal activity of the hexanes/dichloromethane 1 : 1 extract of Brazilian green propolis (Pex), as well as its major isolated compounds artepillin C, caffeic acid, coumaric acid and drupanin against Schistosoma mansoni. The Pex was active by displaying an IC50 value of 36.60 (26.26-51.13) µg mL-1 at 72 h against adult worms of S. mansoni. The major isolated compounds were inactive with IC50 values >100 µM, however, the combination of the isolated compounds (CM) in the same range found in the extract was active with an IC50 value of 41.17 (39.89-42.46) µg mL-1 at 72 h. Pex and CM induced alteration in the tegument of S. mansoni, and caffeic acid caused alteration in egg's maturation. Pex displayed in vitro activity against adult worms' and eggs' viability of S. mansoni, which opens new perspectives to better understand the synergistic and/or additive effects promoted by both Pex extract and CM against schistosomiasis features.

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This work brings the promise of MCM-41 mesoporous silica as a vehicle for red propolis for the development of controlled release drugs and delivery to a specific target site. The synthesis of MCM-41 by the sol-gel method with a pore size of approximately 3.6 nm and the incorporation of red propolis extract by the physical adsorption method in ethanolic medium were easily accomplished with around 15% encapsulation. MCM-41 and MCM-41 with red propolis (MCM-41/Pr) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (UPLC-DAD). In vitro release of encapsulated red propolis was analyzed in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2, 7.4, and 7.6. An in vitro test for MCM-41/Pr antioxidant activity was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as well as analysis of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus by the well diffusion method. UPLC-DAD analysis showed that the integrity of the red propolis constituents was maintained after the embed process, and the antioxidant and antibacterial activities were preserved.

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The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment of caprine mastitis causes the appearance of resistant microorganisms, besides leaving residues in milk, putting at risk to human health. In this way, propolis is an alternative in the treatment of diseases because it has antimicrobial activity, mainly because of the presence of flavonoids in its composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of propolis to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from cases of goat mastitis and qualify the crude ethanoic extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration values of propolis extracts in ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane showed that the best concentrations capable of promoting the highest mortality of the isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from mastitis in goats, were 6250, 3125 and 1562.5µg/mL, respectively. By the microplate adherence test, it was found that 20.78% isolates were not able to form biofilm, 14.70% were classified as moderate and 64.70% were weak and none as a strong biofilm producer. Propolis in its different diluents was able to affect the formation of biofilm and showed a pronounced marked antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp. strains and may be indicated for use in in vivo studies.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos no tratamento de mastite caprina leva ao desenvolvimento de micro-organismos resistentes que poderão estar presentes em alimentos, colocando em risco a saúde humana. Dessa forma, a própolis surge como uma alternativa para o tratamento de doenças por possuir uma ação antimicrobiana, principalmente pela presença de flavonoides em sua composição. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano da própolis frente à Staphylococcus spp. isolados de casos de mastite caprina e qualificar o extrato etanoico bruto por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-DAD). Neste estudo, os valores de concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) dos extratos de própolis em álcool etílico, acetato de etila e hexano nos isolados foram de 6250, 3125 e 1562,5µg/mL, respectivamente. Pelo teste de aderência à microplacas, observou-se que 20,78% dos microorganismos, não foram capazes de formar biofilme, 14,70% foram classificados como moderados, 64,70% em fracos e nenhum como forte produtor de biofilme. A própolis em seus diferentes diluentes foi capaz de afetar a formação de biofilme e apresentou significativa atividade antimicrobiana frente a cepas de Staphylococcus spp., podendo ser indicada para utilização em estudos "in vivo".(AU)

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The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the treatment of caprine mastitis causes the appearance of resistant microorganisms, besides leaving residues in milk, putting at risk to human health. In this way, propolis is an alternative in the treatment of diseases because it has antimicrobial activity, mainly because of the presence of flavonoids in its composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of propolis to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from cases of goat mastitis and qualify the crude ethanoic extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, the minimum bactericidal concentration values of propolis extracts in ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane showed that the best concentrations capable of promoting the highest mortality of the isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from mastitis in goats, were 6250, 3125 and 1562.5µg/mL, respectively. By the microplate adherence test, it was found that 20.78% isolates were not able to form biofilm, 14.70% were classified as moderate and 64.70% were weak and none as a strong biofilm producer. Propolis in its different diluents was able to affect the formation of biofilm and showed a pronounced marked antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp. strains and may be indicated for use in in vivo studies.(AU)

O uso indiscriminado de antibióticos no tratamento de mastite caprina leva ao desenvolvimento de micro-organismos resistentes que poderão estar presentes em alimentos, colocando em risco a saúde humana. Dessa forma, a própolis surge como uma alternativa para o tratamento de doenças por possuir uma ação antimicrobiana, principalmente pela presença de flavonoides em sua composição. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano da própolis frente à Staphylococcus spp. isolados de casos de mastite caprina e qualificar o extrato etanoico bruto por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE-DAD). Neste estudo, os valores de concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) dos extratos de própolis em álcool etílico, acetato de etila e hexano nos isolados foram de 6250, 3125 e 1562,5µg/mL, respectivamente. Pelo teste de aderência à microplacas, observou-se que 20,78% dos microorganismos, não foram capazes de formar biofilme, 14,70% foram classificados como moderados, 64,70% em fracos e nenhum como forte produtor de biofilme. A própolis em seus diferentes diluentes foi capaz de afetar a formação de biofilme e apresentou significativa atividade antimicrobiana frente a cepas de Staphylococcus spp., podendo ser indicada para utilização em estudos "in vivo".(AU)

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No presente estudo foram elaboradas quatro formulações de salame tipo italiano, sendo uma isenta de antioxidante (controle), uma adicionada de antioxidante sintético (BHT) e duas contendo extrato de própolis (0,01% e 0,05%). As amostras foram submetidas a análises microbiológicas, sensoriais e perfil de textura e cor, além da perda de peso e o pH durante o período de maturação. Os resultados mostraram perda de peso das formulações durante a maturação, indicando que a incorporação da própolis não afetou o processo de secagem. A formulação adicionada de 0,01% de própolis apresentou coloração vermelha mais acentuada no final da maturação em comparação as demais. Os valores de pH variaram entre algumas amostras, bem como em relação ao dia de maturação. A adição de BHT acelerou o processo de desidratação do salame, deixando-o com maior grau de dureza. As formulações controle e aquela adicionada de 0,05% de própolis apresentaram melhores resultados para o perfil de textura, embora não tenham diferido das demais em relação ao atributo textura durante o teste sensorial. A formulação controle e a contendo BHT apresentaram os melhores resultados para intenção de compra e preferência. Por outro lado, todas as formulações apresentaram percentuais de certeza de compra acima de 70%, sugerindo aceitação por parte dos consumidores.

In this study, four formulations of Italian-type salami were prepared, being one antioxidant free (control), one containing synthetic antioxidant (BHT) and two containing propolis extract (0.01% and 0.05%). The samples were submitted to microbiological and sensorial analyses and texture and color profiles, besides the weight loss and the pH during the maturation period. The results showed weight loss of the formulations during maturation, indicating that the incorporation of propolis did not affect the drying process. The formulation with 0.01% propolis showed a more intense red color at the end of maturation compared with the others. The pH values varied between some samples as well as in relation to the maturation day. The addition of BHT accelerated the dehydration process of salami at the end of the maturation period, making it harder. The control formulations and that with 0.05% propolis added showed better results for the texture profile, although they did not differ from the others in relation to the texture during the sensorial test. The control formulation and that containing BHT showed the best results for purchase intent and preference. Moreover, all formulations presented certainty percentage of purchase above 70%, suggesting acceptance by consumers.

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RESUMO

No presente estudo foram elaboradas quatro formulações de salame tipo italiano, sendo uma isenta de antioxidante (controle), uma adicionada de antioxidante sintético (BHT) e duas contendo extrato de própolis (0,01% e 0,05%). As amostras foram submetidas a análises microbiológicas, sensoriais e perfil de textura e cor, além da perda de peso e o pH durante o período de maturação. Os resultados mostraram perda de peso das formulações durante a maturação, indicando que a incorporação da própolis não afetou o processo de secagem. A formulação adicionada de 0,01% de própolis apresentou coloração vermelha mais acentuada no final da maturação em comparação as demais. Os valores de pH variaram entre algumas amostras, bem como em relação ao dia de maturação. A adição de BHT acelerou o processo de desidratação do salame, deixando-o com maior grau de dureza. As formulações controle e aquela adicionada de 0,05% de própolis apresentaram melhores resultados para o perfil de textura, embora não tenham diferido das demais em relação ao atributo textura durante o teste sensorial. A formulação controle e a contendo BHT apresentaram os melhores resultados para intenção de compra e preferência. Por outro lado, todas as formulações apresentaram percentuais de certeza de compra acima de 70%, sugerindo aceitação por parte dos consumidores.(AU)

In this study, four formulations of Italian-type salami were prepared, being one antioxidant free (control), one containing synthetic antioxidant (BHT) and two containing propolis extract (0.01% and 0.05%). The samples were submitted to microbiological and sensorial analyses and texture and color profiles, besides the weight loss and the pH during the maturation period. The results showed weight loss of the formulations during maturation, indicating that the incorporation of propolis did not affect the drying process. The formulation with 0.01% propolis showed a more intense red color at the end of maturation compared with the others. The pH values varied between some samples as well as in relation to the maturation day. The addition of BHT accelerated the dehydration process of salami at the end of the maturation period, making it harder. The control formulations and that with 0.05% propolis added showed better results for the texture profile, although they did not differ from the others in relation to the texture during the sensorial test. The control formulation and that containing BHT showed the best results for purchase intent and preference. Moreover, all formulations presented certainty percentage of purchase above 70%, suggesting acceptance by consumers.(AU)

Assuntos