RESUMO
Syncytial hepatitis (SHT) is an emerging viral disease of tilapia characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to establish the production-level risk factors associated with presence and severity of SHT. Production factors were analysed during multiple outbreaks of SHT that occurred between 2011 and 2013 on a single tilapia farm in Ecuador and compared with the year 2010 before the SHT outbreaks. Relative risks, t tests, modified Poisson and forward stepwise linear regression analyses were performed using EPIINFO™. Compared to other strains, Chitralada had an elevated risk of SHT [RR = 2.1 (95%CI 1.8-2.4)]. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT increased by 611 (365), 6,814 (5,768) and 388 (340) deaths per 100,000 fry when stocking density, dissolved oxygen and pond production cycles were raised by 1 fish/m2 , 1 mg/L and 1 cycle, respectively. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT decreased by 337 (258) and 1,354 (1,025) deaths per 100,000 when stocking weight and water temperature increased by 1 g and 1°C, respectively. Time (season and stocking year) was not significantly associated with SHT. This study shows that some production factors increase the risk incidence and severity of SHTon a farm.
Assuntos
Aquicultura/métodos , Ciclídeos/virologia , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Hepatite Viral Animal/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Animais , Ciclídeos/genética , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Equador , Doenças dos Peixes/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Peixes/mortalidade , Células Gigantes/virologia , Orthomyxoviridae , Fatores de Risco , TemperaturaRESUMO
For dairy cattle breeds, mainly the taurine ones, the selection emphasized for many years the increase in milk yields and, as a consequence, the adaptive and reproductive traits were negatively affected. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of genetic and environmental effects on the reproductive traits in a dairy herd selected for high milk production levels. The data set comprised 1,737 first lactations Holsteins cows of Agrindus Farm, located at Southeastern region of Brazil. The records of the following reproductive traits: calving to first heat interval (CFHI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and first to second calving interval (FCI) were analyzed as dependent variables by least squares method using GLM procedure (SAS). Linear models were considered including two production levels (1= less than 9,500 kg and 2= more than 9,501 kg of total milk yield), contemporary group (year and months calving), management group, sire of cow, and the sire used to breeding cows, as classificatory variables. As covariates were included for all traits the peak milk yield in lactation (linear effect), age at calving only for CFHI (linear and quadratic effects) since this effect was not significant for other traits, and CFHI (linear effect) only for FCI. The coefficients of determination represented 24%, 74% and 75%, respectively for CFHI, FCI and CCI models. Production level
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.
RESUMO
For dairy cattle breeds, mainly the taurine ones, the selection emphasized for many years the increase in milk yields and, as a consequence, the adaptive and reproductive traits were negatively affected. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of genetic and environmental effects on the reproductive traits in a dairy herd selected for high milk production levels. The data set comprised 1,737 first lactations Holsteins cows of Agrindus Farm, located at Southeastern region of Brazil. The records of the following reproductive traits: calving to first heat interval (CFHI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and first to second calving interval (FCI) were analyzed as dependent variables by least squares method using GLM procedure (SAS). Linear models were considered including two production levels (1= less than 9,500 kg and 2= more than 9,501 kg of total milk yield), contemporary group (year and months calving), management group, sire of cow, and the sire used to breeding cows, as classificatory variables. As covariates were included for all traits the peak milk yield in lactation (linear effect), age at calving only for CFHI (linear and quadratic effects) since this effect was not significant for other traits, and CFHI (linear effect) only for FCI. The coefficients of determination represented 24%, 74% and 75%, respectively for CFHI, FCI and CCI models. Production level
O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.