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The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution. In Mexico, the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced. Here, we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico. The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3, and the first month of the New Normal. We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis. The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions, impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NOx-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes. This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations. Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale, our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes. A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

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The Program for Psychosocial Care and Comprehensive Health for Victims serves, on a yearly basis, an average of 25,000 users in northern Colombia alone. The program is implemented by multidisciplinary teams comprised of psychologists, social workers, and community facilitators, who step in at the individual, family, and community levels. An attempt has been made to determine the effect generated by the timeframe through which professionals have been engaged with the program-filling positions of centrality and betweenness within the networks of information exchange and user referral, including the potential mediating effect from the structure of the egocentric network of implementers in the two aforementioned networks and the moderating effect of the sense of belonging to a team of professionals. Both centrality and betweenness are positional measures describing the location actors occupied within the network structure. Centrality reflects the nominations made and receipt by an actor in a network and is considered an individual indicator of prominence and power. Betweenness shows the times that an actor act as a bridge among two actors in a network and it is considered an indicator of strategic positioning in social networks. An egocentric network is the local structure of relationships that each implementer maintains with his or her direct contacts. In this study, 112 active implementers were included, mostly women (n = 97, 88.2%), who had been working on the program for 16.9 months on average (SD = 14.7). Through conditional process analysis, it has been shown that the time that the implementers have been working on the program and the sense of belonging to the task team are relevant factors that interact with each other toward explaining the level of centrality and betweenness of professionals in the information exchange and user referral networks.

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Abstract: Virus-based biopesticides are effective biocontrol agents of crop insect pests. Development of suitable formulations and production processes are necessary to obtain high-quality products easily adopted by farmers. A detailed unit operation study was carried out for the production process of a Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus-based biopesticide to control the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, one of the most important pests affecting this crop. Physicochemical, microbiological, and insecticidal parameters were implemented in the process and applied to the finished product, and a scaling strategy was developed. A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR) technique was implemented to quantify viral concentrations in the active ingredient (5.34 ± 1.44 x109 Occlusion Bodies mL-1) and in the finished product (>1.6x109 OB mL-1), without contaminant interferences. The Q-PCR methodology was also useful to select the appropriate solid mixing time following Lacey´s mixing index (8 min). Factors and similarity principles influencing the liquid mixing process were identified in the scaling evaluation. Furthermore, the drying kinetics analysis enabled identifying a drying temperature of 35 °C, with an efficacy under controlled conditions higher than 97%. Contaminant concentration was lower than 1%, indicating controlled and aseptic formulation process conditions. A simple statistical method was used to estimate the reproducibility and repeatability of the parameters assessed in the finished product. These results enable to establish and extrapolate important parameters in the standardization, scale-up, and quality control for the granulovirus-based biopesticide.

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Introducción: Los procesos sanitarios se producen, generalmente, en entornos cambiantes y lo conducen profesionales con formación y criterios diversos, cuyas decisiones son las que condicionan las prácticas. La variabilidad impacta negativamente sobre funciones gerenciales importantes como la planificación, la gestión, el control de los recursos y la calidad de los servicios. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el estado actual de la variabilidad en la ejecución de los procesos hospitalarios en Cuba. Métodos: El estudio se realizó en los meses de enero a mayo de 2016 y participaron instituciones de subordinación nacional. Se encuestaron a 49 especialistas en gestión hospitalaria y 29 analistas de procesos de negocio. Para el diagnóstico se utilizó como herramienta metodológica la investigación acción, se aplicarón las técnicas: entrevistas, encuestas, el análisis de campos de fuerzas, el grupo focal, la herramienta del diagrama causa-efecto y el método de estudio de casos. El análisis documental se empleó para identificar las principales causas que limitan la detección de variabilidad en la ejecución de procesos hospitalarios. Resultados: Los resultados más relevantes permiten asegurar que no es posible realizar la planificación, control y gestión de los recursos de forma eficiente, si no se detecta y reduce la variabilidad. Los métodos que se están empleando actualmente en Cuba, no son suficientes para analizar y comprender el comportamiento de la variabilidad hospitalaria. Conclusiones: Las técnicas de modelado y los métodos existentes para reducir la variabilidad no son efectivos en el entorno sanitario cubano, por la alta variabilidad en sus procesos y la complejidad que poseen estas técnicas hospitalarias para apoyar a la toma de decisiones, elementos a tener en cuenta para su aplicación en Cuba(AU)

Introduction: Health processes are frequently subject to changing environments and are governed by professionals with different backgrounds and criteria, whose decisions influence the practices. Variability negatively impacts on important managerial functions such as planning, management, control of resources and the quality of services. Objective: To perform a diagnosis on the current state of the variability in the implementation of hospital's processes in Cuba. Methods: A research was carried out from January to May, 2016 and institutions of national subordination also participated. There were interviewed 49 specialists with experience in hospital management and 29 business process analysts. As methodological tool for diagnosis, it was used research-action, and there were applied techniques as: interviews, surveys, analysis of force fields, focal group, the tool of cause-effect's diagram, and the method of cases study. Documentary analysis was used to identify the main causes that limit the detection of variability in the implementation of hospitals processes. Results: The most relevant results allow ensuring that it is not possible to effectively contribute to the planning, control and management of resources without detecting and reducing variability. The methods currently used in Cuba are not enough to analyze and understand the behavior of hospital variability. Conclusions: The modeling techniques and the existing methods to reduce variability are not effective in the Cuban health environments, due to the high variability in the processes and the complexity that these techniques present. In Cuba there is a need to detect the variability in hospital processes to support the decision making in this regard(AU)

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Point-of-care detection is a widely studied area that attracts effort and interest from a large number of fields and companies. However, there is also increased interest from the general public in this type of device, which has driven enormous changes in the design and conception of these developments and the way data is handled. Therefore, future point-of-care detection has to include communication with front-end technology, such as smartphones and networks, automation of manufacture, and the incorporation of concepts like the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. Three key examples, based on different sensing technology, are analyzed in detail on the basis of these items to highlight a route for the future design and development of point-of-care detection devices and their data capture and handling.

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El análisis del microproceso terapéutico del dispositivo Grupo de Terapia Focalizada- GTF para adolescentes tempranos violentos se realizó en el marco de los Proyectos UBACYT 2004-2007 P069 y 2008-2010 P049. El instrumento utilizado fue el Modelo de Ciclo Terapéutico-TCM (Mergenthaler, 1996a, 1996b, 1998, 2008; Adaptación argentina para procesos grupales generales y específicos: Fontao y Mergenthaler, 2005 a, b; Toranzo, Taborda, Ross, Mergenthaler y Fontao, 2007; Quiroga y Cryan, 2007 d, 2008 a, 2009b). En este trabajo se presenta el análisis correspondiente al microproceso terapéutico considerando el texto completo (pacientes y terapeuta) para una única sesión (sesión 7) de los dos grupos seleccionados al azar (GTF 7 y GTF 9); esta sesión fue segmentada en fragmentos de 150 palabras. Este análisis del microproceso permitió observar que en todos los segmentos se registró actividad verbal de los pacientes así como también la presencia de los cuatro patrones (Connecting, Relaxing, Reflecting y Experiencing), con alternancia de Ciclos Terapéuticos abreviados y completos. Asimismo, fue posible identificar actividad textual terapéuticamente relevante, lo cual sugiere que el terapeuta juega un rol imprescindible en la expresión de emociones, en la formulación verbal de procesos reflexivos y en el logro de la conexión de los contenidos emocionales y abstractos.

The therapeutic microprocess analysis of the Focalised Therapy Group- FTG device for violent early adolescents was carried out in the framework of the 2004- 2007 P069 and 2008-2010 P049 UBACYT Projects. The instrument used was the Therapeutic Cycle Model- TCM (Mergenthaler, 1996a, 1996b, 1998, 2008; Argentine adaptation for general and specific group processes: Fontao and Mergenthaler, 2005 a, b; Toranzo, Taborda, Ross, Mergenthaler and Fontao, 2007; Quiroga and Cryan, 2007 d, 2008 a , 2009b). In this research the analysis corresponding to the therapeutic microprocess, taking into account the whole text (both patients and therapists) in only one session (session number 7) of two groups selected at random (FTG 7 and FTG 9), is shown. This session was segmented into 150-word fragments. With this microprocess analysis it was possible to observe in all the segments the verbal activity of the patients as well as the presence of four patterns (Connecting, Relaxing, Reflecting y Experiencing), with abridged and complete Therapeutic Cycles rotation. Furthermore, it was possible to identify therapeutically relevant textual activity, which implies that the therapist plays an indispensable role in the expression of emotions, in the verbal formulation of reflexive processes and in the achievement of the connection between emotional and abstract contents.

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En el marco de los Proyectos UBACYT 2004-2007 P069 y 2008-2010 P049, se realizaron 9 Grupos de Terapia Focalizada-GTF para adolescentes tempranos violentos con diagnóstico de Trastorno Negativista Desafiante y Trastorno Disocial en el período 2001-2005. Para el Análisis de Proceso Terapéutico, la muestra se conformó con dos grupos GTF, seleccionados al azar, compuestos por casi el 30% de los pacientes (N=11) de la muestra total del Análisis de Resultados (N=42). El instrumento utilizado fue el Modelo de Ciclo Terapéutico- TCM (Mergenthaler, E., 1996a, 1996b, 1998, 2008; Adaptación argentina para procesos grupales generales y específicos: Fontao y Mergenthaler, 2005 a, b; Toranzo, Taborda, Ross, Mergenthaler y Fontao, 2007; Quiroga y Cryan, 2007 d, 2008 a). En el análisis del macroproceso considerando el texto completo, se pudo apreciar en la primera mitad del dispositivo, la presencia de sesiones que indicaban una combinación de elevado tono emocional y elevada abstracción (patrón Connecting). En la segunda mitad del dispositivo, se detectó que el nivel del tono emocional y de la abstracción fue menor a la media del dispositivo (patrón Relaxing). Los patrones que implican un claro predominio del tono emocional o de la abstracción (patrones Experiencing y Reflecting), fueron escasos y poco marcados.

Within the framework provided by the UBACYT 2004-2007 P069 y 2008-2010 P049 Projects, 9 Focalised Therapeutic Groups (FTG) for early violent adolescents, diagnosed in the period 2001-2005 as having a Oppositional Defiant Disorder and a Conduct Disorder, were formed. For the Analysis of The Therapeutic Process, the sample was composed by two FTG groups, chosen at random, formed by almost 30% of the patients (N= 11) of the total sample of the Outcome Analysis (N= 42). The instrument used was the Therapeutic Cycle Model- TCM (Mergenthaler, E., 1996a, 1996b, 1998, 2008; the Argentine Adaptation for general and specific group processes: Fontao & Mergenthaler, 2005 a , b; Toranzo, Taborda, Ross, Mergenthaler y Fontao, 2007; Quiroga & Cryan, 2007 d, 2008 a). During the macroprocess analysis, taking into consideration the whole text, the presence of sessions with a combined high emotional tone and high abstraction could be observed (Connecting Pattern) in the first half of the device. In the second half, both the level of emotional tone and the abstraction were detected to be lower than the media of the device (Relaxing Pattern). There were only a few and little marked patterns which imply a clear predominance of either the emotional tone or the abstraction (Experiencing and Reflecting patterns).

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Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar um exercício analítico do modo de fazer da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) sobre a função apoio institucional, com base em diferentes dispositivos, diretrizes e princípios. O texto está dividido em três partes: na primeira, traz reflexões acerca da concepção de humano e humanismo que fundamenta as análises; a segunda busca ampliar o debate sobre a indissociabilidade entre atenção e gestão e o modo de fazer apoio institucional; a terceira aborda a indissociabilidade entre a produção de serviços e produção de sujeitos, e encaminha a discussão dessas três partes que se desdobram em outros planos de análise. Ressalta, em todo o texto, a aposta na inclusão dos diferentes sujeitos e na análise e gestão coletiva dos processos de trabalho como estratégia para criar desestabilizações produtivas e práticas de humanização dos serviços de Saúde.

This paper had the aim of conducting an analytical exercise about how the National Humanization Policy is undertaken, with regard to the institutional support function, based on different mechanisms, guidelines and principles. The text is divided into three parts. The first part provides reflections concerning the concepts of humaneness and humanism on which the analyses are based. The second seeks to expand the debate regarding the indissociability of healthcare and management and the way of providing institutional support. The third covers the indissociability between the production of services and the production of subjects and moves the discussion on these three parts forward for them to be developed in other planes of analysis. Throughout the text, emphasis is placed on banking on including different subjects and on analysis and collective management of labor processes as a strategy for creating productive destabilization and humanization practices within the healthcare services.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un ejercicio analítico del modo de hacer de la Política Nacional de Humanización, sobre la función apoyo institucional, con base en diferentes dispositivos, directrices y principios. El texto está dividido en tres partes. En la primera, trae reflexiones acerca de la concepción de humano y del humanismo que fundamenta los análisis. La segunda busca ampliar el debate sobre la inseparabilidad entre atención y gestión y el modo de hacer apoyo institucional. La tercera plantea la noción de inseparabilidad entre la producción de servicios y la producción de sujetos y encamina la discusión de estas tres partes que se desdoblan en otros planos de análisis. Resalta en todo el texto la apuesta en la inclusión de los diferentes sujetos y en el análisis y gestión colectiva de los procesos de trabajo como estrategia para crear desestabilizaciones productivas y prácticas de humanización de los servicios de salud.

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