RESUMO

Background: Several studies focused on the escalating prevalence of Problematic Use of Internet (PUI) and its consequential impact on mental health globally. This study investigates the relationship between PUI and associated psychological variables across different cultural contexts in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru. Method: A total of 675 participants, aged 18 to 54 (M = 22.73; SD = 4.05), completed measures assessing Internet addiction, social media addiction, Fear of Missing Out, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Phubbing. Results: Significant cultural variations were found, with Italian participants showing higher levels of Internet addiction but lower levels of social media addiction compared to other countries. Fear of Missing Out was higher in Italy, while the Italian sample exhibited lower Internet Gaming Disorder levels compared to Peru. As regards the communication disturbance caused by Phubbing, the Italian sample demonstrated significantly higher scores than the Peruvian sample. Linear regression analyses revealed distinct predictors for problematic Internet use in each country, emphasizing the importance of considering the cultural context in understanding this phenomenon. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of cultural factors, psychological variables, and problematic Internet use, guiding future research and interventions.

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and impulsivity among individuals diagnosed with opioid use disorder (OUD) who also exhibit symptoms of problematic internet use (PIU). METHODS: The study involved the participation of 360 patients with OUD enrolled at an alcohol and drug addiction treatment center (ADATC) from October to December 2022. Various assessment tools were administered, including Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). PIU was identified by YIAS scores equal to or exceeding 50. RESULTS: Most participants diagnosed with OUD had comorbid PIU, with high levels of depression, anxiety, and ADHD symptoms. Both BDI and BAI scores were significantly increased in the PIU group compared to the non-PIU group (p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in BIS Motor Impulsivity, Attentional Impulsivity, and total scores, indicating higher impulsivity in the PIU group (all p < 0.001). Additionally, higher ASRS scores were found in the PIU group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of addressing PIU and comorbidities in OUD treatment. Interventions targeting ADHD symptoms and emotional well-being may benefit PIU management.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between screen use and problematic internet use (PIU; i.e., internet addiction) amongst adolescents has not been sufficiently explored. Further, there is even less research on how gender is associated with this relationship. The goal of the study was to examine adolescent screen use, PIU, and its impact on day-to-day routines of adolescents. METHODS: Participants were recruited from an outpatient pediatric clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 180 adolescents completed questionnaires related to their screen use, extracurricular activities, and symptoms of PIU. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to determine correlates and predictors of PIU, and to explore gender differences. RESULTS: A total of 26.1% of adolescents met the criteria for PIU. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in PIU severity. However, there were significant gender differences in preferred use of the Internet, with boys being more likely to access the Internet to play video games (odds ratio [OR]=27.1) and girls being more likely to socialize with friends (OR=4.51). PIU severity increased proportionally to the number of hours of use of all screen devices with moderate-to-large effect sizes (η2=0.060-0.157). Using screens during meals and missing extracurricular activities were both associated with PIU. CONCLUSION: Though gender was not associated with PIU, both excessive use of screen devices during meals and neglect of offline extracurriculars activities were identified as risk factors for PIU. Prevention measures should consider the impact of gender and associated patterns of motivation and Internet use.

RESUMO

Although 1-14% of adolescents may experience problematic pornography use (PPU), psychometrically sound instruments for assessing PPU in Spanish-speaking adolescents are scarce. Given the advantages of the different forms of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS), the aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the PPCS and PPCS-6, and to examine associations between PPU and age among boys and girls. Two school-based adolescent samples were recruited in Spain (n = 650; Mage = 16.0 [SD = 1.1]; 50% girls and 50% boys) and Mexico (n1, 160; Mage = 15.8 [SD = 1.1]; 68% girls) to assess the psychometric properties of the PPCS and PPCS-6. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied and convergent and discriminant validity with other measures related to PPU was also tested. The results provided empirical support for the six-factor structure of the PPCS and the one-factor structure of the PPCS-6. Boys with older age showed higher levels of tolerance than girls on the PPCS in both countries. Both the PPCS and the PPCS-6 may be considered valid psychometric instruments for the assessment of PPU in Spanish-speaking adolescents from Spain and Mexico.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Problematic pornography use (PPU) is an emerging condition associated with several negative psychological and sexual outcomes. This study aimed to systematically review treatment approaches for PPU. Potentially eligible studies were searched for in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science up to April 1, 2023. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the use of the Joanna Briggs Institute's checklists, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tools, and the GRADE approach. A total of 8936 references were retrieved, and 28 studies were included in the systematic review (n = 500 participants). Included studies were case reports (k = 16), case series (k = 1), quasi-experimental investigations (k = 7), and randomized clinical trials (k = 4). The majority of included studies presented overall low quality and significant risk of bias, with all interventions receiving a low or very low rating according to the GRADE approach. Most studies investigated psychological interventions, with the predominance of second and third wave cognitive behavioral therapy interventions. Pharmacological treatments included opioid antagonists (naltrexone in most cases) and antidepressants, while one study investigated a protocol that included rTMS. Several investigations described the combination of psychological and pharmacological approaches. Most studies did not report on side effects, with online and self-help interventions presenting significant issues in terms of treatment adherence. Even though there are promising options that may have efficacy for the treatment of patients with PPU, the literature in the topic still presents significant limitations that compromise the reaching of more definitive conclusions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The problematic use of technology of children and adolescents is becoming a growing problem. Research has shown that excessive technology use predicts a variety of psychological and physical health problems. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of leisure time activities (structured and unstructured) in adolescents as a predictor of problematic technology use. Participants were 7723 adolescents, of which 55% were girls, from four Spanish-speaking countries (Chile, Spain, Mexico, and Peru) between the ages of 13 and 18 years. The evaluation instrument applied was the YOURLIFE project self-report questionnaire. Two executive functions were measured: goal setting and inhibitory control. Using structural equation modeling, findings indicated that structured leisure time activities predicted less PTU, whereas unstructured activities predicted more PTU, MLχ2 (69, N = 7723) = 806.60; CFI = 0.929, RMSEA = 0.042, and the model had good predictive capacity for PTU (R2 = 0.46). Structured and unstructured activities also showed indirect effects on PTU through executive functions. As adolescents spent more time in unstructured leisure activities, poorer goal setting, inhibitory control skills, and more PTU were found. The opposite was true for structured leisure time activities. Implications of structured leisure activities to develop executive functioning and to prevent PTU for adolescents are discussed.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: El nivel de riesgo de consumo se establece a partir de la exposición que tiene una persona a ciertos factores de riesgo o características individuales, familiares o sociales, que posibilitan o aumentan el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como propósito relacionar el nivel de riesgo de consumo de SPA con el uso problemático de videojuegos y redes sociales, a fin de establecer su posible papel como factores de riesgo de tipo social. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal de alcance descriptivo correlacional con la participación de 736 estudiantes. Se emplearon como instrumentos de recolección de datos el cuestionario sociodemográfico, prueba de tamizaje ASSIST 3,1, cuestionario de adicción a redes sociales - ARS y el cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos - CERV. Resultados: Algunos resultados sugieren mayor exposición al consumo de sustancias alcohólicas, derivados del tabaco, del cannabis y mayores niveles en el uso problemático de redes sociales y videojuegos. Conclusiones: A partir de lo hallado, las evidencias apuntan a que el aumento de riesgo no depende de la tipología familiar, al contrario de lo que pasa con el sexo, a su vez el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, cocaína, inhalantes, sedantes y opiáceos dependen de variaciones.

Introduction: The level of risk of consumption is established from the exposure that a person has to certain risk factors or individual, family, or social characteristics, which enable or increase the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS). Objective: The purpose of this study was to relate the level of risk of PAS consumption with the problematic use of video games and social networks, in order to establish their possible role as social risk factors. Method: A quantitative study was carried out with a non-experimental cross-sectional design of descriptive correlational scope with the participation of 736 students. The sociodemographic questionnaire, ASSIST 3,1 screening test, social network addiction questionnaire ARS and the Video Game Related Experiences Questionnaire CERV were used as data collection instruments. Results: It was found Some results suggest greater exposure to the consumption of alcoholic substances, tobacco derivatives, cannabis derivatives and higher levels in the problematic use of social networks and video games. Conclusions: From what was found, the evidence points to the fact that increased risk does not depend on family typology, contrary to what happens with sex, in turn the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, inhalants, sedatives and opiates depend on variations.

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El presente trabajo es un recorte seleccionado del proyecto de investigación desarrollado en el marco de la tesis doctoral de la autora. Su objetivo fue analizar los problemas de accesibilidad al sistema de salud de personas con consumos problemáticos. MÉTODOS: La estrategia metodológica utilizada adhirió a las dimensiones básicas de la investigación en políticas, sistemas y servicios de salud: abordaje de distintos niveles de análisis y articulación entre academia y servicios de salud. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a profesionales del sector y a personas con consumos problemáticos en tratamiento en la ciudad de Buenos Aires. RESULTADOS: Lo más significativo del relato de los usuarios fue la profundización del sufrimiento vivenciado por efecto de los procesos de estigmatización social. Los discursos de los profesionales mostraron consenso en la idea de que el sistema de salud suele rechazar la atención de personas con consumos problemáticos. DISCUSIÓN: El problema central no tiene relación específica con las sustancias consumidas, sino con la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud y múltiples derechos que suelen ser vulnerados en las personas afectadas. Es necesario transformar estos puntos relevantes para asegurar un marco de políticas respetuosas de los derechos humanos.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The work presented here is a selected excerpt from the research project developed within the framework of the author's doctoral thesis. Its objective was to analyze the problems of accessibility to the health system for people with problematic consumption. METHODS: The methodological strategy followed the basic dimensions of research in health policies, systems and services: approach to different levels of analysis and articulation between academia and health services. In-depth interviews were conducted with health professionals and people with problematic consumption under treatment in the city of Buenos Aires. RESULTS: The most significant finding of the users' report was the intensification of the suffering experienced as a result of the processes of social stigmatization. The speeches of the professionals showed consensus about the idea that the health care system usually rejects people with problematic consumption. DISCUSSION: The main problem is not specifically related to the substances consumed, but to the accessibility to health services and multiple rights that are usually violated to the detriment of people with these problems. It is necessary to tackle these relevant issues to ensure a policy framework that respects human rights.

RESUMO

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: Existen barreras para la atención y permanencia de las mujeres en los tratamientos por consumos problemáticos. Se relacionan con los espacios y el diseño de programas donde no se tienen en cuenta las necesidades específicas para un trabajo con enfoque de género. El objetivo fue explorar las intervenciones que funcionan como facilitadoras para alojar y escuchar a las mujeres a partir de la experiencia de un grupo de ellas en el marco de un tratamiento por consumo problemático de sustancias. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó un diseño mixto, tomando como referencia empírica la implementación de un grupo de mujeres. Se trabajó con una muestra de 33 mujeres de la población de 79 pacientes atendidas en un dispositivo ambulatorio para el tratamiento de consumos problemáticos en la ciudad de Buenos Aires entre julio de 2020 y julio de 2022. RESULTADOS: Los datos relevados describen un aumento en la población de mujeres desde la creación del grupo, mientras que el análisis de las experiencias permite distinguir cuatro categorías de intervenciones: las que vinculan los consumos con el rol social de las mujeres; las destinadas a mejorar el apoyo mutuo entre las compañeras; las que permiten construir un espacio de apertura para el trabajo de situaciones de violencia; y las que nacen de la creación del grupo de mujeres para trabajar la accesibilidad. DISCUSIÓN: El presente trabajo refleja la importancia de abordar la perspectiva de género al interior de los tratamientos de un modo transversal.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: There are barriers for women's care and staying in treatment for problematic drug use. They are related to spaces and design of programs that do not consider the specific needs for gender perspective work. The objective was to explore the interventions that work as facilitators to support and listen to women, based on the experience of a group of women in the context of a treatment for problematic substance use. METHODS: A mixed design was used, taking as empirical reference the implementation of a women's group. The study worked with a sample of 33 women from a population of 79 patients in an outpatient facility for the treatment of problematic substance use in the city of Buenos Aires from July 2020 to July 2022. RESULTS: The collected data show an increase in the population of women since the creation of the group, while the analysis of the experiences allows to distinguish four categories of interventions: the ones that link drug use with women's social role; the ones aimed at improving mutual support among partners; the ones that allow building a space of openness to tackle situations of violence; and the ones arising from the creation of a women's group to work on accessibility. DISCUSSION: This work reflects the importance of addressing gender perspective in the treatment in a cross-sectional way.

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPUS). Methods: A sample of 704 Peruvian youth and adults aged 18 to 62 years (M = 26, SD = 6.0) was considered, of which 56% were female and 43% male. The participants were from various cities in Peru: Lima (84%), Trujillo (2.6%), Arequipa (1.8%), and Huancayo (1.6%). The validity of the theoretical structure of the PPUS was carried out by means of two techniques: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Graphical Analysis (EGA), a new effective and efficient dimension evaluation technique, whose measure consists of verifying the fit of the dimension structure. Results: Using the bifactor model, the hypothesis that PPUS has a unifactorial behavior was corroborated. These approximations of unidimensionality are also corroborated by the EGA method, where the centrality parameters and network loadings are found to have acceptable estimates. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the validity of the PPUS, contrasting with the factor model and verifying the unidimensionality of the construct, which provide useful directions for future studies on the instrumentalization of problematic pornography use scale.

RESUMO

(analítico) Este artículo tiene por objetivo investigar los efectos del apoyo familiar y del grupo de pares, junto con la satisfacción con la vida, sobre el uso problemático de los teléfonos celulares entre los adolescentes costarricenses. Basado en datos de la encuesta nacional Global Kids Online, se desarrollaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para predecir el uso problemático de teléfonos celulares de adolescentes (M = 14.8, n = 530). Los resultados muestran que el apoyo entre pares correlaciona positiva y directamente con el uso problemático del teléfono celular, mientras que la percepción de la satisfacción con la vida tiene una correlación opuesta, funcionando como un factor protector. El apoyo del grupo de pares y, más aún, el apoyo familiar, ejercen efectos indirectos sobre el uso problemático del teléfono móvil.

(analytical) This study aimed to research the effects of family support and peer group support, along with the life satisfaction, on the problematic use of cell phones among costa rican adolescents. Based on data from the national survey Global Kids Online, structural equation models were developed in order to predict the problematic use of cell phones of adolescents investigated in this study (M=14.8, n = 530). The main findings indicate that peer support has a positive and direct correlation with the problematic use of the cell phone, while the perception of the life satisfaction is correlated in the opposite direction, functioning as a protective factor. Peer and family support have an indirect protective effect against the problematic use of cell phones, stronger in the case of family support.

(analítico) Este estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar os efeitos do apoio familiar e do grupo de pares, juntamente com a satisfação com a vida, no uso problemático de telefones celulares entre adolescentes costarriquenhos. Com base nos dados da pesquisa nacional Global Kids Online, foram desenvolvidos modelos de equações estruturais para prever o uso problemático de celulares dos adolescentes investigados neste estudo (13 a 17 anos; n = 530). Os principais achados indicam correlação positiva e direta do apoio dos pares com o uso problemático do celular, enquanto a perceção da satisfação com a vida está correlacionada de maneira inversa, funcionando como fator de proteção. O apoio dos pares e da família tem um efeito protetor indireto contra o uso problemático de telefones celulares, mais forte no caso do apoio familiar.

RESUMO

The Smartphone Addiction Inventory - Short Form (SPAI-SF) is shorter version (10 items) of the original version of SPAI (26 items). In this study, we aimed to: (i) adapt and test the internal structure of the SPAI-SF, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA), and network analysis; (ii) analyze the internal consistency, temporal stability, criterion, predictive and construct validities of the SPAI-SF. A total of 392 adolescents (M = 12.76; SD = 1.00) completed the following measures: demographic questionnaire, SPAI-SF, Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The CFA showed good fit indices with the original four factors, and MGCFA indicated measurement invariance for gender. Network analysis provided an understanding of the core symptoms of problematic smartphone use (PSU) for both boys and girls. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.865 (95% CI: 0.841 - 0.887) and indicated a robust temporal stability. The instrument demonstrated acceptable overall reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega criteria (α = 0.722; ω = 0.725) and did not show floor and ceiling effects. The scale's significant correlations demonstrated convergent and criterion validities of the SPAI-SF with SAS-SV, IAT, and Smartphone usage data. The SPAI-SF is a reliable instrument to detect PSU in adolescents.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: En la Educación Superior, el empleo de la interdisciplinariedad y la enseñanza problémica durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje favorece el incremento del aprendizaje y la calidad de la formación de los futuros profesionales. Debido a esta razón adquiere notable significado la búsqueda de medios o recursos que posibiliten su integración y utilización. Objetivo: a partir de un estudio explicativo, la investigación persiguió el propósito de valorar el empleo del vínculo interdisciplinariedad-enseñanza problémica en las clases de las asignaturas de la carrera Licenciatura en Cultura Física. Materiales y métodos: para obtener información se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, tales como: el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, revisión de documentos, observación y encuesta. Resultados: se aportan los elementos que respaldan la integración de la interdisciplinariedad a categorías de la enseñanza problémica como son la situación problémica, problema docente y las tareas, lo que posibilitará su empleo en las clases durante el proceso de formación del profesional de Cultura Física. Conclusiones: El estudio realizado permitió comprobar deficiencias manifiestas en los conocimientos y procedimientos didácticos insuficientes sobre el uso del vínculo interdisciplinariedad-problema de enseñanza.

SÍNTESE Introdução: No Ensino Superior, o uso da interdisciplinaridade e do ensino baseado em problemas durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem favorece um aumento da aprendizagem e da qualidade da formação dos futuros profissionais. Por esta razão, a busca de meios ou recursos que possibilitem sua integração e utilização assume um significado considerável. Objetivo: com base em um estudo explicativo, o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o uso do vínculo interdisciplinar-problema de ensino nas aulas das disciplinas do curso de graduação em Cultura Física. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos para obter informações, tais como: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, revisão de documentos, observação e pesquisa. Resultados: são fornecidos os elementos que apoiam a integração da interdisciplinaridade nas categorias de ensino problêmico, tais como a situação problêmica, problema de ensino e tarefas, o que permitirá sua utilização nas aulas durante o processo de formação do profissional de Cultura Física. Conclusões: O estudo realizado permitiu verificar deficiências manifestas no conhecimento e procedimentos didáticos insuficientes sobre o uso do vínculo interdisciplinaridade-problema de ensino.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Higher Education, the use of interdisciplinarity and problematic teaching during the teaching-learning process favors the increase in learning and the quality of the training of future professionals. Due to this reason, the search for means or resources that enable its integration and use acquires considerable significance. Objective: Based on an explanatory study, the research pursued the purpose of assessing the use of the interdisciplinary-teaching problem link in the classes of the subjects of the Degree in Physical Culture. Materials and methods: To obtain information, theoretical and empirical methods were used, such as: historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, document review, observation and survey. Results: The elements that support the integration of interdisciplinarity to problem teaching categories such as the problem situation, teaching problem and tasks are provided, which will enable their use in classes during the training process of the Physical Culture professional. Conclusions: The study carried out made it possible to verify manifest deficiencies in insufficient didactic knowledge and procedures on the use of the interdisciplinarity-teaching problem link.

RESUMO

In the present study, we investigated gender differences in personality and psychiatric correlates among adults (N = 115) seeking treatment for problematic internet use (PIU) at a specialized clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. All participants were assessed at the beginning of their treatment for co-occurring psychiatric conditions, other addictive behaviors, and personality characteristics. Women (n = 20) were more likely to present with greater rates of psychiatric comorbidity compared to men (n = 95), including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and bulimia nervosa. Women also had a greater severity of certain behavioral addictions, such as compulsive buying and disordered eating. Gender differences were also found across personality characteristics, with women scoring higher on impulsivity, novelty seeking, and self-transcendence compared to men. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate gender differences for PIU in a clinical sample. The results suggest that there are notable gender differences in individuals seeking treatment for PIU which underscores the importance of assessing for co-occurring conditions, especially in women. Understanding the characteristics associated with PIU can help serve to inform the most appropriate interventions to bolster treatment outcomes.

RESUMO

There has been a notable increase in social media and Internet use over recent decades, not only for social interaction or entertainment, but also for working and meeting tools, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. A relationship between this usage and the development of mental illness is frequently hypothesized, but a few studies have empirical findings. This study is a systematic review of the relationship between social media use and depression or anxiety. Our Medline search yielded 1,747 papers. Our study found a strong and often bidirectional relationship between social media use and depression or anxiety. This relationship was frequently related to problematic social media use. No definite linear relationship was found between time spent using social media and depressive or anxious symptoms, but usually, the longer the time spent in that activity, the worse the outcomes. Factors related to problematic social media use were often different for men and women. Other variables may also play a role, such as nighttime-specific use, emotional involvement, and whether the individual behaves as an active or passive user. Evidence from this review provides a solid base for recommending cautious use of social media. Intense use and unhealthy habits, evidenced by addiction symptoms, may be problematic in less resilient individuals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Studies indicate that loneliness and self-esteem are predictive factors of problematic social media use. Further, it is proposed that self-presentation and extraversion may explain individual differences in online activity and problematic social media use. The present study confirms the relationship of loneliness and self-esteem with problematic Facebook use and investigates the hypothesis that these psychological factors may be linked to problematic Facebook use through their association with self-presentation and extraversion. The sample of university students consisted of 477 Facebook users, 64% females, aged 18-64. Social media usage intensity was assessed by collecting passive data on the total time spent and the number of sessions on Facebook per day for the last 6 months. The psychological factors, personality, motives and problematic Facebook use were assessed via self-report measures. Results showed that the relationship of loneliness and self-esteem with problematic Facebook use was significantly positive and negative respectively. The relationship between self-esteem and problematic Facebook use was found to be inconsistently mediated by both self-presentation and extraversion, while loneliness was partially mediated by self-presentation only. The total effect of loneliness and self-esteem remained positive and negative respectively, although extraversion and self-presentation had a suppressing effect on the relationship between self-esteem and problematic Facebook use. Further, the prevalence of 'at-risk' Facebook users was found to be 6.0%. It was also determined that the usage intensity of 'at-risk' users was significantly different from other Facebook users. These results highlight the existence of different patterns of associations linking psychological factors, usage intensity and problematic Facebook use. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03505-0.

RESUMO

Background: Chronic alcohol misuse is associated with alcoholic myopathy, characterized by skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. Moreover, there is evidence that sports-related people seem to exhibit a greater prevalence of problematic alcohol consumption, especially binge drinking (BD), which might not cause alcoholic myopathy but can negatively impact muscle function and amateur and professional athletic performance.Objective: To review the literature concerning the effects of alcohol consumption on skeletal muscle function and structure that can affect muscle performance.Methodology: We examined the currently available literature (PubMed, Google Scholars) to develop a narrative review summarizing the knowledge about the effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle function and exercise performance, obtained from studies in human beings and animal models for problematic alcohol consumption.Results: Exercise- and sport-based studies indicate that alcohol consumption can negatively affect muscle recovery after vigorous exercise, especially in men, while women seem less affected. Clinical studies and pre-clinical laboratory research have led to the knowledge of some of the mechanisms involved in alcohol-related muscle dysfunction, including an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic pathways, reduced regeneration, increased inflammation and fibrosis, and deficiencies in energetic balance and mitochondrial function. These pathological features can appear not only under chronic alcohol misuse but also in other alcohol consumption patterns.Conclusions: Most laboratory-based studies use chronic or acute alcohol exposure, while episodic BD, the most common drinking pattern in amateur and professional athletes, is underrepresented. Nevertheless, alcohol consumption negatively affects skeletal muscle health through different mechanisms, which collectively might contribute to reduced sports performance.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Text messaging is the primary form of technology-mediated interpersonal contact and the most carried out activity on cell phones. Despite its advantages, text messaging is not exempt from risks. The present paper aimed to validate and expand the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS) in a Brazilian sample of adult internet users. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited a convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged 18 and over. A total of 1,642 (M age = 38.6, SD = 13.5; 73% female) participants completed the STDS, the Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale-27 (MPPUS), and the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire - Short form - 9 questionnaires (PIUQ-SF-9). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement invariance for gender and age. Internal consistency was high when accessed by both McDonalds' Omega and Cronbach's alpha. Network Analysis provided insights into the core symptoms of problematic text messaging. Convergent validity of the STDS was demonstrated by the subscale's correlation with MPPUS and PIUQ-SF-9. Due to its expanded psychometric properties and brevity, the STDS can be used in more comprehensive investigations about other excessive technology-related behaviors, such as problematic smartphone and internet use, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in problematic technology use. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-02957-8.

RESUMO

Phubbing is defined as ignoring other individuals by using a mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation. The Phubbing Scale (PS) was developed to assess this practice. In this study, we analyze the psychometric properties of the 8-item version of the PS (PS-8) in the Portuguese population, providing validity evidence based on internal structure and on relationships with other variables, and examining item properties, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender. Participants were 391 Portuguese adults (132 men, 259 women) who completed a battery of questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices for the two-factor structure (communication disturbance and phone obsession), which was invariant across gender. Item homogeneity and reliability of factor scores (McDonald's omega) were satisfactory. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive associations with time spent on the Internet on weekdays and at the weekend, time spent on social networking sites, number of social networks used, Internet addiction, problematic mobile phone use, Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, and depression. These associations show the addictive component of phubbing and its relationship with mental health. The PS-8 is a short and easy-to-administer scale with adequate psychometric properties for measuring phubbing in the Portuguese population.

RESUMO

Phubbing is defined as ignoring other individuals by using a mobile phone during a face-to-face conversation. The Phubbing Scale (PS) was developed to assess this practice. In this study, we analyze the psychometric properties of the 8-item version of the PS (PS-8) in the Portuguese population, providing validity evidence based on internal structure and on relationships with other variables, and examining item properties, reliability, and measurement invariance across gender. Participants were 391 Portuguese adults (132 men, 259 women) who completed a battery of questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices for the two-factor structure (communication disturbance and phone obsession), which was invariant across gender. Item homogeneity and reliability of factor scores (McDonald's omega) were satisfactory. Validity evidence based on relationships with other variables was provided by positive associations with time spent on the Internet on weekdays and at the weekend, time spent on social networking sites, number of social networks used, Internet addiction, problematic mobile phone use, Facebook intrusion, fear of missing out, and depression. These associations show the addictive component of phubbing and its relationship with mental health. The PS-8 is a short and easy-to-administer scale with adequate psychometric properties for measuring phubbing in the Portuguese population. (AU)

Assuntos