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OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between hygiene knowledge and habits and gingivitis in Puerto Rican school children. METHODS: Questionnaires on oral health knowledge and hygiene habits were provided to almost half of the 12-year-olds who participated in an island-wide cross-sectional oral health study. The evaluations included gingival examinations in 2 quadrants. Odds ratios (ORs) (with 95% CIs) were computed using logistic regression models and oral health-related knowledge and hygiene habits to gingivitis. RESULTS: Of the 823 participants who completed the questionnaire 53.43% were female, and 81% had gingivitis. Most reported having received instructions on brushing (98%), flossing (89.5%), and using mouthwash (90%). The majority (75%) rated their gums as healthy, and 44.68% agreed that oral health affects general health. Nearly half (44%) reported brushing their teeth at least 2 times a day, and 80.25%, flossing daily. In multivariate analysis, not having been instructed on how to brush was related to greater odds of having gingivitis (OR: 7.32; 95% CI: 1.5-35.67). Flossing more than once a day was associated with half the odds of gingivitis (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.29-0.88). CONCLUSION: The children had knowledge of oral hygiene methods but were mostly unaware that gingival health could affect systemic health. Fewer than half reported brushing 2 or more times a day. Not having been instructed on how to brush was associated with higher odds of gingivitis.
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Gengivite , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Hispânico ou Latino , Saúde Bucal , Higiene Bucal , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Criança , Masculino , Higiene Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Porto Rico , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos LogísticosRESUMO
Si bien el conocimiento científico para el tratamiento de la periimplantitis ha avanzado significativamente en los últimos años, sigue en discusión qué tipo de abordaje quirúrgico genera los mejores resultados clínicos y si el uso de biomateriales da mejoras significativas en dicho tratamiento. Este reporte de caso describe un abordaje quirúrgico reconstructivo de un defecto intraóseo por periimplantitis en una paciente que refería dolor y un intenso sangrado en sus implantes dentales, empleando un sustituto óseo anorgánico mineral bovino, sin el uso de una membrana o barrera, y con un protocolo de descontaminación de la superficie del implante mecánico y químico. Posteriormente, a las 20 semanas de realizado el procedimiento, se hizo la evaluación del defecto, obteniendo profundidades al sondeo menores a 5 mm, ausencia de sangrado al sondeo en todos los sitios y un llenado óseo radiográfico de aproximadamente 90%; cumpliendo con los criterios de éxito de la terapia periimplantaria. Lo anterior muestra que la terapia reconstructiva para los defectos por periimplantitis puede ser posible mediante el uso de un sustituto óseo xenogénico únicamente y con una correcta descontaminación de la superficie del implante (AU)
Although scientific knowledge for the treatment of peri-implantitis have advanced significantly in recent years, the type of surgical approach that generates the best clinical results is still under discussion and whether the use of biomaterials gives significant improvements in said treatment. This case report describes a reconstructive surgical approach for a periimplantitis intrabony defect using an anorganic bovine bone substitute, without the use of a membrane or barrier, and with a mechanical and chemical implant surface decontamination protocol. Twenty weeks after the procedure, the defect was reassessed, obtaining probing depths of less than 5 mm, no bleeding on probing in all sites, and radiographic bone filling of approximately 90%; meeting the success criteria for the peri-implant therapy. This shows that reconstructive therapy for periimplantitis defects may be possible using a xenogeneic bone substitute only and proper decontamination of the implant surface (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Substitutos Ósseos/uso terapêutico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea/efeitos adversos , Peri-Implantite/cirurgia , Bolsa Periodontal/diagnóstico , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Escovação Dentária/métodos , Índice Periodontal , Descontaminação/métodos , MéxicoRESUMO
The evidence to characterize oral health during adolescence in Costa Rica is limited. This lack of adequate research makes it difficult to develop appropriate health policies for this subgroup of the population. This is particularly important because adolescence is the period during which good health habits must take root in order to foster good physical and cognitive development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion in Costa Rican male adolescents at the ''Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín'' (St. Augustine's Technical High School) located in the province of Cartago. Data was collected from 428 male adolescents aged 12-22 years in a cross-sectional study during 2019. Prevalence of tooth loss was calculated as the number of individuals having lost at least one tooth. The average number of teeth lost by individuals was also recorded. The bleeding on probing was an indicator used as a proxy parameter for monitoring periodontal health where the presence of bleeding on probing and calculus was also recorded. Malocclusion was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The results showed that the prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing and malocclusion was of 19%, 70.0% and 98%, respectively. It was also found that 81% of the participants had all their teeth, 11% had lost 1 tooth, 8% had lost more than one tooth of which 0.5% had lost more than 5 teeth. Considering a general classification of periodontal problems based on bleeding on probing and presence of calculus, the prevalence of periodontal problems increases to 92%. Regarding the DAI, the category identifying a very severe malocclusion was the most prevalent in the sample (88%). It is alarming the high prevalence of tooth loss, bleeding on probing, and malocclusions in a sample of Costa Rican male adolescents, compared to similar studies in other countries. The overarching conclusion of this study is that oral diseases represent an important health problem that urgently need proper public health action.
La evidencia para caracterizar la salud bucal durante la adolescencia en Costa Rica es limitada. Esta falta de investigación adecuada dificulta el desarrollo de políticas de salud convenientes para este subgrupo de la población. Esto es particularmente importante porque la adolescencia es el período durante el cual se deben arraigar buenos hábitos de salud para fomentar un buen desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión en adolescentes varones costarricenses del Colegio Técnico Profesional San Agustín ubicado en la provincia de Cartago. Se recopilaron datos de 428 adolescentes varones de 12 a 22 años en un estudio transversal durante 2019. La prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales se calculó como el número de individuos que habían perdido al menos una pieza dental. También se registró el número promedio de dientes perdidos por individuos. El sangrado al sondeo fue un indicador utilizado como parámetro para el seguimiento de la salud periodontal donde también se registró la presencia de sangrado al sondeo y cálculo dental. La maloclusión se midió utilizando el Índice Estético Dental (DAI, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusión fue del 19%, 70,0% y 98%, respectivamente. También se encontró que el 81% de los participantes tenían todos sus dientes, el 11% había perdido 1 pieza dental, el 8% había perdido más de una pieza dental, de los cuales el 0,5% había perdido más de 5 piezas dentales. Considerando una clasificación general de problemas periodontales basada en sangrado al sondeo y presencia de cálculo, la prevalencia de problemas periodontales aumenta al 92%. En cuanto al DAI, la categoría que identifica una maloclusión muy severa fue la más prevalente en la muestra (88%). Es alarmante la alta prevalencia de pérdida de piezas dentales, sangrado al sondeo y maloclusiones en una muestra de adolescentes varones costarricenses, en comparación con estudios similares en otros países. La conclusión general de este estudio es que las enfermedades bucodentales representan un importante problema de salud que necesita urgentemente una acción adecuada de salud pública.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Perda de Dente/diagnóstico , Má Oclusão/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Bucal/diagnóstico , Costa RicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for determining gingival thickness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Searches were undertaken in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, LIVIVO, and gray literature (Google Scholar and ProQuest) for studies considered eligible according to the following criteria: cross-sectional observational studies, which compared CBCT accuracy with that of transgingival probing when determining gingival thickness, in adult patients with good periodontal health. No language or time restrictions were applied in this systematic review. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: Six articles were included for qualitative synthesis, involving a pooled sample of 132 patients with a mean age of 29 years (18-51 years). Of these 6 studies, 5 were eligible for quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between CBCT and transgingival probing measures of gingival tissue (mean difference of 0.10 (95% CI-0.17-0.38). No significant level of heterogeneity was detected (Tau2-P = 0.0662; I2 = 0%; H2-P = 1.000; Q-P = 1.134). According to the GRADE criterion, confidence in the cumulative evidence was considered low. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT is an accurate method for determining gingival tissue thickness, comparable to the reference standard (transgingival probing). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CBCT could be considered for gingival thickness measurement when bone thickness is also needed, and thereby aid in the assessment of gingival biotype without the discomfort and anesthesia needed in transgingival probing. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This protocol was registered at the PROSPERO database (International Prospective Register of Systematic Review) under registration number CRD42022326970. Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022326970 .
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Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Gengiva , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Gengiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Exame FísicoRESUMO
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of periodontal status, clinical data, and serum markers on salivary leptin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 38 patients with SLE and 29 healthy controls. Periodontal data included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to analyze salivary leptin levels. Clinical and serum data were collected from the SLE group. Statistical analysis included the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and a structural equation model. Results: The SLE group had a lower salivary leptin level than the control group (P = 0.002). The model revealed that SLE had an inverse and independent effect on salivary leptin (standardized estimate = - 0.289, P = 0.023). Moreover, salivary leptin level negatively correlated with the serum levels of triglyceride, creatinine, and leukocytes, positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol, but was not significantly correlated with the periodontal status. Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with SLE have a lower salivary leptin level. In addition, the level of salivary leptin does not appear to be related to periodontal status in patients with SLE.
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Abstract The aim of the present case-control observational study was to evaluate the peri-implant clinicoradiographic status among betel-quid chewers and controls. Self-reported betel-quid chewers and controls were included. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: Group-1: Individuals chewing betel-quid with tobacco; Group-2: Individuals chewing betel-quid without tobacco; and Group-3: Controls (individuals not using tobacco in any form). Demographic data was collected using a questionnaire. Periodontal and peri-implant clinicoradiologic parameters (plaque and gingival indices [PI and GI], probing depth [PD] and crestal bone loss/marginal bone loss [CBL/MBL]) were assessed. Clinical attachment loss (AL) around teeth was also assessed. Group comparisons were done using the one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni Post-hoc adjustment tests. Correlation of periodontal and peri-implant inflammatory parameters with the duration of betel-quid chewing habit and duration of placement in the mouth were assessed using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Thirty, 30 and 30 patients were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full-mouth PI (P<0.01), GI (P<0.01), clinical AL (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and mesial and distal MBL (P<0.01) were higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3. Peri-implant mPI (P<0.01), mGI (P<0.01), PD (P<0.01) and MBL/CBL (P<0.01) were significantly higher in groups 1 and 2 than Group-3 with no significant difference in groups 1 and 2. Betel-quid chewing habit either with or without tobacco is a risk-factor of peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.
Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo observacional de casos-controles foi avaliar o estado clínico-radiográfico periimplantar dos usuários de bétele. Foram incluídos usuários que relataram utlizar a substância bétele como tabaco de mascar. Os participantes foram categorizados em 3 grupos: Grupo-1: Indivíduos que mascam bétele com tabaco; Grupo-2: Indivíduos que mascam bétele sem tabaco; e Grupo-3: Controle (indivíduos que não usam tabaco sob qualquer forma). Os dados demográficos foram recolhidos utilizando um questionário. Foram avaliados parâmetros clínico-radiográfico e periimplantares (índices placa e gengivais [IP e IG], profundidade de sondagem [PS] e perda de crista óssea/ perda óssea marginal [PCO/POM]). Também foi avaliada a perda inserção clínica (IC) em torno dos dentes. As comparações de grupo foram feitas utilizando a análise de variância unidireccional e os testes de ajustamento post-hoc de Bonferroni. A correlação dos parâmetros inflamatórios periodontais e periimplantares com a duração do hábito de mastigação da bétele e duração da colocação na boca foi avaliada utilizando a análise de regressão logística. P<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Foram utilizados 30 pacientes em cada grupo. O IP de boca inteira (P<0,01), IG (P<0,01), IC clínica (P<0,01), PS (P<0,01) e POM mesial e distal (P<0,01) foram mais elevados nos grupos 1 e 2 do que no grupo 3. O mPI peri-implantar (P<0,01), '(P<0,01), PD (P<0,01) e POM/PCO (P<0,01) foram significativamente mais elevados nos grupos 1 e 2 do que no grupo 3, sem diferença significativa nos grupos 1 e 2. O hábito de mastigar a substância bétele com ou sem tabaco é um fator de risco de inflamação dos tecidos moles periimplantares e PCO.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the comfort level and reproducibility assessment of the probing pocket depth obtained with three different probes. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE standards. Three different types of periodontal probes were selected: (1) University of North Carolina (UNC) probe, (2) World health organization (WHO) probe and (3) UNC12 COLORVUE probe. Three experienced and calibrated periodontists performed periodontal clinical assessments (probing depth) and pain assessment with the visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The clinical evaluations were carried out in 13 volunteers who attended the dental clinic of the Universidad Científica del Sur (Lima, Peru). A total of 2106 periodontal clinical measurements were obtained (702 measurements per examiner). Each examiner evaluated 234 sites for each type of probe. When patient comfort values during the periodontal evaluation performed with the 3 types of probes were compared, the patients evaluated with the UNC12 COLORVUE probe perceived less pain with a mean value of 0.61, followed by the WHO probe and the UNC probe. When evaluating the clinical measurements, the UNC probe was observed to obtain the greatest mean depth on probing 1.4 + 0.5 mm, while with the UNC12 Colorvue probe, the values obtained were 1.1 + 0.3 mm, and with the WHO probe, 1.2 + 0.4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the periodontal probe used, experience of the examiner and the patient, we can conclude that the UNC12 Colorvue probe was the instrument that promoted the greatest comfort or the slightest response to pain, followed by the WHO probe. However, the use of the WHO probe resulted in obtaining the lowest reproducibility among depths on probing. The UNC probe produced the highest response to pain in the patients.
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Conforto do Paciente , Periodontia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Dor , Bolsa Periodontal , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Comprehensive electrochemical and operando Raman studies are performed to investigate the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of supercapacitors filled with normal (salt-in-water) and highly concentrated (water-in-salt, WiSE) electrolytes. Impedance and chronoamperometric experiments are employed and combined with cyclic voltammetry to correctly define the ESW for a WiSE-based device. The total absence of water-splitting resulted in phase angles close to -90° in the impedance data. It is verified that a 17 m NaClO4 electrolyte avoids the water-splitting up to 1.8 V. Furthermore, Raman studies under dynamic and static polarization conditions corroborate the existence of a solvent blocking interface (SBI), which inhibits the occurrence of water-splitting. Also, the reversible nature of the charge-storage process is assessed as a function of the applied voltage. At extreme polarization, the SBI structure is disrupted, thus allowing the occurrence of water-splitting and anionic (ClO4-) intercalation between the graphene sheets.
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Los dientes adyacentes a la hendidura alveolar, en pacientes con labio y paladar hendido, presentan mayor incidencia de problemas periodontales, según la literatura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si los dientes temporales adyacentes a la hendidura alveolar presentan mayor incidencia de problemas periodontales en niños con labio y paladar hendido unilateral completo no sindrómico, nacidos en 2010 y 2011, atendidos en el Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. Este estudio prospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, e intervencional evaluó variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiográficas (placa bacteriana, profundidad de bolsa, nivel de inserción, recesión gingival, sangrado, encía queratinizada e insertada, cálculo y movilidad dental, tipo de hendidura alveolar). Se utilizó técnicas de análisis estadísticos descriptivas (distribución de frecuencias, cruce de variables y construcción de intervalos de confianza). El análisis de datos y procesamiento estadístico se realizó en SPSS versión 17.0 y en Excel. El grupo constó de 17 pacientes, con edad promedio de 5 años. Se encontró 47 % de placa dental y 0 % de cálculo dental. La profundidad de bolsa y el sangrado fueron estadísticamente mayores para los dientes dentro de la hendidura alveolar. Los dientes adyacentes a la hendidura presentaron menor cantidad de encía queratinizada e insertada. Referente a la movilidad dental no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Solo un diente presentó recesión gingival. La hendidura alveolar completa predominó radiográficamente. Los dientes cercanos a la hendidura alveolar tienen mayor predisposición a problemas periodontales, por lo que es relevante el seguimiento regular de la salud periodontal.
The teeth adjacent to the alveolar cleft, in patients with cleft lip and palate, present a higher incidence of periodontal problems, according to the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the temporary teeth adjacent to the alveolar cleft present a higher incidence of periodontal problems in children with non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate, born in 2010 and 2011, treated at the Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. This prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and interventional study evaluated epidemiological, clinical and radiographic variables (bacterial plaque, pocket depth, insertion level, gingival recession, bleeding, keratinized and inserted gingiva, dental calculus and mobility, type of alveolar cleft). It used descriptive statistical analysis techniques frequency distribution, crossing of variables and construction of confidence intervals. Data analysis and statistical processing was performed in SPSS version 17.0 and in Excel. The group consisted of 17 patients, with an average age of 5 years. 47 % dental plaque and 0 % dental calculus were found. Pocket depth and bleeding were statistically higher for teeth in the alveolar cleft. The teeth adjacent to the cleft had less keratinized and inserted gingiva. Regarding dental mobility, there is no statistically significant difference. Only one tooth had gingival recession. The complete alveolar cleft predominated radiographically. Teeth close to the alveolar cleft have a greater predisposition to periodontal problems, so regular monitoring of periodontal health is relevant.
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Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (ScYLV), Polerovirus, Luteoviridae, is one of the main viruses that infect sugarcane worldwide. The virus is transmitted by the aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a persistent, circulative manner. To better understand the interactions between ScYLV, sugarcane genotypes and M. sacchari, we explored the effect of sugarcane cultivars on the feeding behavior and biological performance of the vector. The number of nymphs, adults, winged, total number of aphids and dead aphids was assayed, and an electrical penetration graph (EPG) was used to monitor the stylet activities. Multivariate analysis showed changes in the vector's behavior and biology on cultivars, identifying specific groups of resistance. In the cultivar 7569, only 5.5% of the insects were able to stay longer on sustained phloem ingestion, while in the other seven cultivars these values varied from 20% to 60%. M. sacchari showed low phloem activities in cultivars 7569 and Bio266. Overall, cultivar 7569 showed the worst biological performance of aphids, with the insects presenting mechanical difficulties for feeding and a shorter duration of the phloem period, and thus being considered the most resistant. We conclude that ScYLV virus infection in different sugarcane cultivars induced specific changes in the host plant, modifying the behavior of its main vector, which may favor or impair virus transmission.
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Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a phloem-limited crinivirus transmitted by whiteflies and seriously affects tomato crops worldwide. As with most vector-borne viral diseases, no cure is available, and the virus is managed primarily by the control of the vector. This study determined the effects of the foliar spraying with the insecticides, acetamiprid, flupyradifurone and cyantraniliprole, on the feeding behavior, mortality, oviposition and transmission efficiency of ToCV by B. tabaci MEAM1 in tomato plants. To evaluate mortality, oviposition and ToCV transmission in greenhouse conditions, viruliferous whiteflies were released on insecticide-treated plants at different time points (3, 24 and 72 h; 7 and 14 days) after spraying. Insect mortality was higher on plants treated with insecticides; however, only cyantraniliprole and flupyradifurone differed from them in all time points. The electrical penetration graph (DC-EPG) technique was used to monitor stylet activities of viruliferous B. tabaci in tomato plants 72 h after insecticide application. Only flupyradifurone affected the stylet activities of B. tabaci, reducing the number and duration of intracellular punctures (pd) and ingestion of phloem sap (E2), a behavior that possibly resulted in the lower percentage of ToCV transmission in this treatment (0-60%) in relation to the control treatment (60-90%) over the periods evaluated. Our results indicate that flupyradifurone may contribute to management of this pest and ToCV in tomato crops.
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RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um programa de treinamento das técnicas básicas com a bengala em ambiente escolar. Uma estudante com 13 anos de idade, com cegueira congênita, matriculada no 6º ano/ 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental, participou do estudo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram os protocolos de avaliação das técnicas básicas de orientação e mobilidade. As avaliações ocorreram em três ambientes: corredores, sala de aula e pátio, e o design quase experimental foi composto por pré-teste, intervenção e pós-teste. A análise foi quantitativa para os desempenhos da estudante e, na intervenção, qualitativa para a escolha das estratégias de ensino. Os resultados do pré-teste apontaram que a estudante não teve dificuldades em executar os comportamentos básicos das técnicas propostas, porém deixou de realizar aqueles que são específicos, que foram o foco do treinamento. As estratégias de ensino foram explicações, instruções e apresentação de modelos cinestésicos. Os resultados do pós-teste apontaram que a estudante conseguiu executar a maioria dos comportamentos de todas as técnicas em todos os ambientes. Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento teve sucesso devido: ao tipo de estudo quase experimental, que possibilitou objetivamente a avaliação dos comportamentos; às fichas de registro e de filmagem, que garantiram o controle do processo de ensino; às estratégias de ensino empregadas; ao ensino e ao treinamento focado no ambiente natural da aluna cega. Dois pontos foram identificados como necessários para melhora do uso das técnicas: o tipo de vestimenta, os acessórios, os calçados da aluna e o tempo de treinamento.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate a program for training basic probing cane techniques in the school environment. A 13-year-old female student with congenital blindness enrolled in the 1st grade of Middle School participated in the study. The instruments used were the evaluation protocols of the basic orientation and mobility techniques. The evaluation took place in three environments: corridors, classroom and schoolyard, and the quasi-experimental design consisted of pretest, intervention and posttest. The analysis was quantitative for the student's performance and, in the intervention, it was qualitative for the choice of the teaching strategies. The results of the pretest indicated that the student had no difficulty in performing the basic behaviors of the proposed techniques, but failed to perform those that are specific, which were the focus of the training. The teaching strategies were explanations, instructions and presentation of kinesthetic models. Posttest results pointed out that the student was able to perform most behaviors of all techniques in all environments. It was concluded that the training program was successful due to: the quasi-experimental study type that objectively allowed the evaluation of behaviors; registration and filming forms, which ensured control of the teaching process; the teaching strategies employed; teaching and training focused on the blind student's natural environment. Two points were identified as necessary to improve the use of the techniques: the type of clothing, the accessories, the student's shoes and the training time.
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HYPOTHESIS: When tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TTAB, is added to aqueous solution of sodium salicylate, NaSal, the threading of the aromatic anion into the micellar palisade leads to the formation of wormlike micelles. Based on the calorimetric titration of NaSal with TTAB, and on the lifetime of fluorescence of salicylate, we propose that the aggregation of the two components directly leads to the formation of wormlike micelles, without any pre-aggregation. EXPERIMENTS: By using an isothermal titration calorimeter, aliquots of TTAB were added to a dilute solution of NaSal. The energy involved in each addition was then integrated and the variation of enthalpy was determined. In the same range of concentrations and molar ratios, the surface tensiometry and time-resolved emission spectroscopy experiments were performed. FINDINGS: A very characteristic calorimetric signal associated with wormlike micelle formation was obtained, being the enthalpy variation of this process, ΔWLMH2980â¯<â¯0. When 1.2â¯mmolâ¯L-1 of NaSal is titrated with 11.0â¯mmolâ¯L-1 of TTAB at 298.15â¯K, ΔfH2980â¯=â¯-10.31â¯kJ per mol of injectant. By adding TTAB to NaSal solution, two fluorescence lifetimes of salicylate were observed solely after wormlike micelle being formed. The correspondent lifetime values of 4.0â¯ns and 7.2â¯ns are respectively associated with the free and associated species of salicylate. The new results demonstrated that wormlike micelles are the first aggregate formed when TTAB is added to salicylate. This aspect is relevant for understanding the mechanism of wormlike micelles formation.
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Dificuldades na higienização de próteses fixas implanto-suportadas é uma queixa frequente dos pacientes. Embora a higiene bucal seja primordial para a manutenção em longo prazo, não há consenso na literatura com relação à eficácia de protocolos de higienização em implantes dentários e as melhores abordagens ainda estão por ser estabelecidas. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar e comparar a eficácia de 2 protocolos de higienização, irrigador bucal e escova interproximal, como adjuvantes à escovação convencional na limpeza peri-implantar entre indivíduos reabilitados com prótese total implanto-suportadas. Para tal, um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado cruzado foi realizado com 21 indivíduos. No momento da seleção, cada participante foi aleatoriamente designado para um dos grupos do estudo: 1) grupo IB = escova interproximal + escova convencional ou 2) grupo IO = irrigador oral + escova convencional. Após 60 dias sob o protocolo de tratamento inicial, e transcorridos um período de washout de 30 dias, todos os participantes mudaram seus respectivos protocolos de higiene bucal. Os desfechos presença de placa bacteriana peri-implantar (PPi) e sangramento à sondagem (SSi) foram coletados no baseline, 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias após o início de cada tratamento. A análise estatística incluiu comparações intra e intergrupos através do teste de Friedman. Além disso, uma regressão logística de efeitos mistos foi usada para determinar as variáveis preditoras associadas aos desfechos do estudo. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhorias no controle de PPi e SSi, embora as reduções tenham sido maiores no grupo IO, em todos os tempos de avaliação. As melhorias no controle de PPi e SSi após o período de monitoramento de 60 dias foram, respectivamente, cerca de 36% e 33% maiores no grupo IO. Escovação interproximal e sítios linguais foram associados com a ocorrência de PPi e SSi nos modelos logísticos finais de efeitos mistos. Os achados do presente estudo suportam a recomendação do irrigador bucal como adjuvante a escovação convencional na higiene peri-implantar em indivíduos reabilitados com prótese total inferior implanto-suportada (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br #RBR-62hsp9).
Comparison of oral irrigator and interproximal brush in peri-implant oral hygiene in implant-fixed full-arch mandibular prosthesis: randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. Great difficulties in oral hygiene of implant-fixed prostheses are a common complaint of patients. Although oral hygiene is paramount for long-lasting healthy and functional prosthetic rehabilitations, there is no literature consensus with respect to the efficacy of self-performed oral hygiene protocols around dental implants and the best approaches are yet to be established. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of oral irrigator and interproximal brush as adjuvant to conventional brushing in peri-implant oral hygiene among individuals rehabilitated with implant-fixed full-arch mandibular prosthesis. A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial was conducted with 21 individuals. At the enrollment, each participant was randomly assigned to one of the study groups: 1) IB group = interproximal brush + conventional brush ou 2) OI group = oral irrigator + conventional brush. After 60 days under the initially treatment and a 30-day washout period, all participants changed their respective oral hygiene protocol. Peri- implant dental plaque (PiDP) and bleeding on probing (BOPi) were collected at baseline, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days after the beginning of each treatment. Statistical analysis included intra-and intergroup comparisons through the Friedman test. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the effects of predictors associated to study outcomes. Both groups presented improvements in PiDP and BOPi control, although reductions were greater in the OI group, at all examination times. Improvements in PiDP and BOPi after the 60-day monitoring period were, respectively, around 36% and 33% greater in the OI group. Interproximal brushing and lingual sites were associated with PiDP and BOPi in the mixed effects final models. Findings support the recommendation of oral irrigator as adjuvant to conventional brushing in the peri-implant oral hygiene in implant-fixed full-arch rehabilitated individuals (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br #RBR-62hsp9).
Assuntos
Higiene Bucal , Escovação Dentária , Implantes Dentários , Ensaio Clínico , Placa Dentária , Prótese Total , HemorragiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status of teeth indicated for undergoing endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and nine teeth were evaluated using probing depth tests at three vestibular and three palatine/lingual sites before the patients underwent treatment. Teeth that presented up to 3-mm probing depth were considered as healthy. Those that presented at least one site with probing depth >3 mm were considered periodontally compromised. The data were statistically analyzed by means of applying the Chi-square test, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Of the total of 209 teeth evaluated, 40 (19.10%) presented periodontal compromise. There was statistically significant difference related to the compromised teeth of patients of the female gender (22.80%) compared with teeth of patients of the male gender (12.30%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than 20% of the teeth evaluated presented a periodontal compromise. Patients of the female gender presented a higher number of periodontally compromised teeth than patients of the male gender.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors of gingival inflammation in a group of adults from Kingston, Jamaica; Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic; and San Juan, Puerto Rico. METHODS: In this representative cross-sectional study, participants completed medical and oral health questionnaires and received an oral clinical examination by trained and calibrated examiners. Clinical assessments included: gingival health (modified Löe-Silness index), visible plaque and presence of calculus. Findings were summarized as mean overall and interproximal gingival indices (GI; IGI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), gingival inflammation prevalence (GI>=0.5) and severity (mild, moderate, severe), mean and interproximal visible plaque indices (VPI; IVPI), and calculus index. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between risk factors and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) at >= 40% sites;. odds ratios were estimated. RESULTS: All 1,847 participants presented gingival inflammation; most (81.9%) had moderate inflammation. Mean GI, VPI, IVPI, and calculus indices were 1.49, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.66, respectively; most participants presented a VPI >= 30%. BOP >= 40% of sites was significantly associated with education (ORmiddle/technical vs. university education=1.61; p =0.001 and ORnone/basic vs. university= 2.86; p<0.001), calculus index (OR: 10.35), VPI >= 30% (OR: 7.85; p<0.001 for both), and being a resident of Kingston or Santo Domingo (vs. San Juan, OR: 4. 74 and OR: 7.09, respectively), after adjusting for age, gender, smoking, dental visit frequency, diabetes, and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Gingival inflammation was highly prevalent. Most participants presented moderate gingival inflammation. Educational attainment, dental calculus, and VPI >= 30% were strongly associated with gingival inflammation.
Assuntos
Cálculos Dentários/epidemiologia , Placa Dentária/epidemiologia , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Placa Dentária , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Escolaridade , Feminino , Gengivite/patologia , Humanos , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Índice Periodontal , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción. La obstrucción congénita de la vía lagrimal es una patología común, de poca morbilidad, pero no exenta de complicaciones sin el diagnóstico y manejo correcto. Población y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de 2005 a 2015 en pacientes que fueron sometidos a un procedimiento de sondaje. Se identificó edad al momento del procedimiento, género, lateralidad y presencia o ausencia de éxito con el procedimiento. Resultados. Se analizaron 137 ojos. La mediana de edad fue de 17 meses y la tasa de éxito total fue del 85,4%. Conclusión. La obstrucción congénita de la vía lagrimal con adecuado manejo conservador inicial tiene alta tasa de resolución espontánea y, en pacientes mayores de 12 meses, el sondaje tiene una alta tasa de éxito.
Introduction. The congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common pathology, with low morbidity, but not exempt of complications without the correct diagnosis and management. Methods. Retrospective study from 2005 to 2015 in patients who were submitted to a probing procedure. We identified age at procedure, gender, laterality and presence or absence of success with the procedure. Results. One hundred thirty-seven eyes were analyzed. The median age was 17 months and the total success rate was 85.4%. Conclusion. In congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction there is a high rate of spontaneous resolution with the proper initial conservative management and, in patients older than 12 months, probing has a high rate of success.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Doenças do Aparelho Lacrimal , Obstrução dos Ductos LacrimaisRESUMO
Chronic oral diseases are rarely studied together, especially with an emphasis on their common risk factors. This study examined the association of added sugar consumption on "chronic oral disease burden" among adolescents, with consideration of obesity and systemic inflammation pathways through structural equation modeling. A cross-sectional study was conducted of a complex random sample of adolescent students enrolled at public schools in São Luís, Brazil ( n = 405). The outcome was chronic oral disease burden, a latent variable based on the presence of probing depth ≥4 mm, bleeding on probing, caries, and clinical consequences of untreated caries. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) caries and periodontal diseases among adolescents are correlated with each other; 2) added sugar consumption and obesity are associated with chronic oral disease burden; and 3) chronic oral disease burden is linked to systemic inflammation. Models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, added sugar consumption, oral hygiene behaviors, obesity, and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6). All estimators of the latent variable chronic oral disease burden involved factor loadings ≥0.5 and P values <0.001, indicating good fit. Added sugar consumption (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.212, P = 0.005), high IL-6 levels (SC = 0.130, P = 0.036), and low socioeconomic status (SC = -0.279, P = 0.001) were associated with increased chronic oral disease burden values. Obesity was associated with high IL-6 levels (SC = 0.232, P = 0.001). Visible plaque index was correlated with chronic oral disease burden (SC = 0.381, P < 0.001). Our finding that caries and periodontal diseases are associated with each other and with added sugar consumption, obesity, and systemic inflammation reinforces the guidance of the World Health Organization that any approach intended to prevent noncommunicable diseases should be directed toward common risk factors.
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Açúcares da Dieta/efeitos adversos , Doenças da Boca/etiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Placa Dentária , Açúcares da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common pathology, with low morbidity, but not exempt of complications without the correct diagnosis and management. METHODS: Retrospective study from 2005 to 2015 in patients who were submitted to a probing procedure. We identified age at procedure, gender, laterality and presence or absence of success with the procedure. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-seven eyes were analyzed. The median age was 17 months and the total success rate was 85.4%. CONCLUSION: In congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction there is a high rate of spontaneous resolution with the proper initial conservative management and, in patients older than 12 months, probing has a high rate of success.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La obstrucción congénita de la vía lagrimal es una patología común, de poca morbilidad, pero no exenta de complicaciones sin el diagnóstico y manejo correcto. POBLACIÓN Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 2005 a 2015 en pacientes que fueron sometidos a un procedimiento de sondaje. Se identificó edad al momento del procedimiento, género, lateralidad y presencia o ausencia de éxito con el procedimiento. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 137 ojos. La mediana de edad fue de 17 meses y la tasa de éxito total fue del 85,4%. CONCLUSIÓN: La obstrucción congénita de la vía lagrimal con adecuado manejo conservador inicial tiene alta tasa de resolución espontánea y, en pacientes mayores de 12 meses, el sondaje tiene una alta tasa de éxito.
Assuntos
Dacriocistorinostomia , Obstrução dos Ductos Lacrimais/congênito , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Indução de Remissão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gingivitis is a common oral health problem. Untreated gingivitis may progress to periodontitis, a common cause of tooth loss. The prevalence of gingivitis and calculus among Puerto Rican children is unknown. Understanding this prevalence can support early public health preventative strategies. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of gingivitis and calculus among 12-year-old Puerto Ricans by health region and to explore differences in distribution by school type (proxy for socio-economic status) and gender. METHODS: A probability-based sample of 113 schools was selected proportional to enrollment size and stratified by health region, school type, and gender. Two trained examiners evaluated the presence of gingivitis and both supragingival and subgingival dental calculus. Gingivitis was defined as the presence of gingival bleeding upon gentle probing (BOP) in at least one site, and the extent of the problem was classified according to the percentage of teeth whose gingiva presented BOP (limited: 25-49% of the teeth tested; extensive: >50% of teeth tested). Logistic and linear regression models, adjusted for health regions, were used to compare gingivitis and calculus prevalence and extent between genders and school types. RESULTS: Gingivitis was found in 80.41% of the 1586 children evaluated. Urban-public schoolchildren had a slightly higher prevalence (83.24%) compared to private (79.15%, p = 0.16); those in rural-public (77.59%) and private schools had similar prevalence (p = 0.15). Extensive gingivitis was present in 60.81% of all children. The mean percentage of sites presenting BOP (BOP%) was 17.79%. Rural and urban public schoolchildren presented significantly higher BOP% compared to children from private schools (p = 0.0005, p = 0.002, respectively). Dental calculus was detected in 61.59% of the sample, boys presenting significantly higher (p = 0.005) total and supragingival calculus. Rural-public schoolchildren had a significantly higher prevalence of subgingival calculus compared to private schoolchildren (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Gingivitis prevalence is higher among 12-year-old Puerto Ricans compared to data reported for U.S. adolescents. Public schoolchildren presented significantly higher BOP% sites compared to private schoolchildren. Boys presented a significantly higher total and supragingival calculus prevalence than girls. Oral health disparities related to gender and school type were identified by this study. Studies exploring the reasons for these disparities are recommended.