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Objetivo: Analisar de que forma os jornais de grande circulação veicularam as reivindicações dos profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia pelo SARS-CoV-2, no primeiro semestre de 2020. Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem mista, com matérias publicadas em três jornais on-line no período de 01/01/2020 a 30/06/2020, cujas reportagens levantadas foram submetidas ao método de análise do conteúdo. Resultados: Foram analisadas 143 reportagens e organizadas em cinco subcategorias temáticas, quais sejam: manifestações por condições de trabalho, homenagem aos colegas vítimas da COVID-19, homenagens da população à enfermagem, manifestação dos enfermeiros no dia do trabalhador, repúdio ao comportamento do presidente. Conclusão: Verificouse que essa cobertura possui características mais informativas e pontuais, pois não há uma sequência ou continuação de notícias nas edições posteriores. O presente estudo possibilitou perceber que os movimentos reivindicatórios não aconteceram em uma só cidade e que os profissionais de Enfermagem lutam por melhores condições de trabalho. Por fim, os desafios da profissão foram colocados em pauta nas médias impressas, especialmente relacionados aos instrumentos de trabalho e à própria força de trabalho.
Objective: To analyze how widely circulated newspapers published the demands of nursing professionals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, in the first half of 2020. Method: A descriptive study with a mixed approach, with articles published in three online newspapers from 01/01/2020 to 06/30/2020, whose articles were submitted to the content analysis method. Results: 143 reports were analyzed and organized into five thematic subcategories, namely: rallies over working conditions, tribute to fellow victims of COVID-19, homage paid from the population to nursing, protests of nurses on Workers' Day, repudiation of the president's behavior. Conclusion: It was found that this coverage has more informative and punctual characteristics, as there is no sequence or continuation of news in later editions. This study made it possible to realize that the claims movements did not take place in a single town alone and that nursing professionals fight for better working conditions. Finally, the challenges of the profession were put on the agenda in the printed media, especially related to work instruments and the workforce itself.
Objetivo: Objetivo: Analizar la forma en que los médicos de gran circulación publicaron las demandas de los profesionales de la enfermería durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, en el primer semestre de 2020. Método: Estudio descriptivo de enfoque mixto, con materiales publicados en tres revistas en línea en el período del 01/01/2020 al 30/06/2020, cuyos informes levantados fueron sometidos al método de análisis del contenido. Resultados: Se analizaron 143 informes y se organizaron en cinco subcategorías temáticas, a saber: manifestaciones por condiciones de trabajo, homenajes a los colegas víctimas del COVID-19, homenajes de la población a la enfermería, manifestación de los enfermeros en el día del trabajador, rechazo a la conducta del presidente. Conclusión: Se ha comprobado que esta cobertura posee características más informativas y ponderadas, ya que no hay una secuencia o continuidad de noticias en las ediciones posteriores. El presente estudio ha permitido percibir que los movimientos reivindicativos no se producen en una única ciudad y que los profesionales de la Enfermería luchan por unas mejores condiciones de trabajo. Finalmente, los retos de la profesión se pusieron en la agenda de los medios impresos, especialmente los relacionados con los instrumentos de trabajo y la propia mano de obra
Assuntos
Condições de Trabalho , Enfermagem , Meios de Comunicação , COVID-19RESUMO
Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de caracterizar a cobertura da Folha de S.Paulo durante as edições dos Jogos Paralímpicos de 1992 a 2016. O estudo foi de caráter quantitativo e descritivo. Concluímos que o esporte paralímpico ganhou gradativa visibilidade na FSP, apresentou um salto quantitativo de notícias entre 1996 e 2000 e outro a partir de 2012. A maioria das notícias se voltou para atletas e modalidades que envolvem esportistas com deficiência física. O jornal também privilegiou publicações de modalidades com um maior número de medalhas, mais especificamente a natação e o atletismo. Exploramos hipóteses que explicam estes dados e tecemos considerações que podem contribuir para a qualificação da mídia em sua cobertura do esporte para pessoas com deficiência.
Abstract The goal of this research was to characterize the coverage of the Folha de S.Paulo (FSP) during the Paralympic Games during all editions from 1992 to 2016. The study was quantitative and descriptive. We concluded that the Paralympic sport gained gradual visibility in the FSP, presenting a quantitative leap of news between 1996 and 2000 and another starting in 2012. Most of the news turned to athletes and modalities that involve competitors with physical disabilities. The newspaper also favored the publication of modalities with a greater number of medals, and more specifically, swimming and athletics. We explore hypotheses that explain these data and weave considerations that may contribute to the media's qualification in their coverage of the sport for people with disabilities.
Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la cobertura de la Folha de S.Paulo (FSP) durante las ediciones de los Juegos Paralímpicos de 1992 a 2016. El estudio tuvo carácter cuantitativo y descriptivo. Llegamos a la conclusión de que el deporte paralímpico ha ganado visibilidad de forma gradual en la FSP, realizando un salto cuantitativo de noticias entre 1996 y 2000, y otro a partir de 2012. La mayoría de las noticias gira en torno a deportistas y modalidades en que participan deportistas con discapacidad física. El periódico también se centró en publicaciones sobre aquellas modalidades con mayor número de medallas y, más específicamente, la natación y el atletismo. Comprobamos las hipótesis que explican estos datos e hicimos observaciones que pueden ayudar a la capacitación de los medios de comunicación para llevar a cabo la cobertura del deporte para personas con discapacidad.
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Objetivou-se apreender as representações sociais (RS) do preconceito direcionado a pessoas com obesidade produzidas pela mídia impressa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental a partir da análise de 21 matérias veiculadas pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise padrão do software Alceste e o corpus originou sete classes temáticas. Verificou-se a difusão da RS da obesidade como uma doença de forte domínio das ciências médicas, o que justifica o amplo espaço cedido pela mídia aos especialistas na abordagem e medicalização do assunto. As matérias reportaram a tendência ao preconceito aberto e à discriminação da pessoa com obesidade, especialmente no contexto laboral, demandando, sobretudo para a mulher, elevados custos na tentativa de ajustamento do seu corpo ao padrão considerado ideal. Além de razões estéticas, curiosamente, o preconceito apresentou justificativas médicas. Os achados salientam a necessidade de fomentar políticas inclusivas e novas pesquisas sobre o tema
The aim was to apprehend the social representations (SR) of prejudice towards people with obesity, produced in printed media. A documental research was conducted, which analyzed 21 articles published in the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo. Data was analyzed using standard analysis in Alceste, and the corpus was structured in seven themes. A diffusion of SR of obesity as a disease under strong dominance of medical sciences was verified, justifying the large cover given by the media to specialists and to the medicalization of the issue. The articles reported the tendency to blatant prejudice and discrimination towards overweight people, especially in the working context, which demands, mostly from women, high investments in the attempt to adjust their bodies to the ideal standards. Besides the esthetic reasons, interestingly, the prejudice presented medical justification. The findings highlight the need to promote politics of inclusion and research about this theme
Se objetivó detener las representaciones sociales (RS) del prejuicio dirigido a personas con obesidad producidas por los medios impresos. Se llevó a cabo una investigación basada en el análisis de 21 artículos publicados por el diario Folha de S. Paulo. Se sometieron los datos al análisis estándar del Alceste y el corpus se estructuró en siete clases temáticas. Se verificó la difusión de la RS de la obesidad como una enfermedad de fuerte dominio de las ciencias médicas, lo que justifica el amplio espacio dado por los medios a los expertos en el enfoque y la medicalización del asunto. Las materias reportaron la tendencia al prejuicio abierto y a la discriminación de la persona con obesidad, especialmente en el contexto laboral, requiriendo, especialmente para la mujer, altos costos en el intento de ajustar su cuerpo a la norma considerada ideal. Además de razones estéticas, curiosamente, el prejuicio presentó justificaciones médicas. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de promover políticas inclusivas y nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema
Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Obesidade , Preconceito , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Estigma SocialRESUMO
Resumo: O artigo problematiza o discurso de crise ambiental na atualidade. A partir de algumas ferramentas da análise do discurso foucaultiana, discute-se um dos enunciados que compõe o discurso aqui investigado: o "Terror e medo pela perda do Planeta". O estudo toma como corpus discursivo a revista Veja, especialmente reportagens produzidas a partir de 2001, em que enunciações ocupadas por terror e medo se tornam evidentes na mídia em análise. Discussões acerca do medo em Zigmunt Bauman, biopoder/biopolítica em Michel Foucault e cultura a partir de estudiosos do campo da Educação Ambiental são tomados como aportes teóricos desse estudo. Nas reportagens em evidência, há um forte chamamento para riscos e perigos quanto à continuidade de vida na Terra atrelado ao convite para que participemos da grande campanha mundial. Pensarmos possibilidades de enfrentar medos líquidos modernos, produzindo outros modos de nos relacionarmos com o ambiente, é um dos desafios dessa pesquisa.
Abstract: This article addresses the current environmental crisis discourse. Based on some of Foucault's discourse analysis tools, one of the statements that compose the discussed discourse is the "Terror and fear of the loss of the planet." The study takes Veja magazine as its discursive corpus, especially articles produced since 2001, where enunciations occupied by terror and fear become evident in the media under analysis. Discussions about fear in Zigmunt Bauman; biopower / biopolitics in Foucault and culture based on environmental education scholars are used as theoretical contributions in this study. In the chosen articles, there is a strong call to the risks and dangers to continuity of life on Earth, connected to an invitation to joining a great global campaign. One of the challenges of this research is to reflect about possibilities of confronting our modern liquid fears and to produce other ways of relating with the environment.
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Reconstructing some of the experiences of people living with tuberculosis in Argentina in the first half of the twentieth century, as reflected not only in written and oral accounts but also in individual and collective actions, this article explores the ways in which patients came to grips with medical expertise in times of biomedical uncertainty. These negotiations, which inevitably included adaptations as well as confrontations, highlight a much less passive and submissive patient-physician relationship than is often assumed. Though patients were certainly subordinate to medical doctors' knowledge and practices, that subordination, far from absolute, was limited and often overthrown. The article focuses on patients' demands to gain access to a vaccine not approved by the medical establishment. By engaging with media organizations, the sick invoked their "right to health" in order to obtain access to experimental treatments when biomedicine was unable to deliver efficient therapies.
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Política de Saúde/história , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/história , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Negociação , Direitos do Paciente , Pacientes/história , Papel do Médico , Relações Médico-Paciente , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/história , Tuberculose/história , Argentina/epidemiologia , Terapias Complementares/história , Terapias Complementares/métodos , Congressos como Assunto , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XX , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , Meios de Comunicação de Massa/história , Direitos do Paciente/história , Pacientes/psicologia , Papel do Médico/história , Relações Médico-Paciente/ética , Descanso , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/terapia , Vacinas contra a Tuberculose/administração & dosagem , IncertezaRESUMO
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi construir discursos que representem como a primeira epidemia de dengue em Ribeirão Preto-SP foi abordada pela mídia impressa e trazer para reflexão desdobramentos sobre mídia e poder. Foram reunidas 126 reportagens de novembro de 1990 a março de 1991 dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo e A Cidade, e das revistas Veja e Revide. Utilizou-se o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. A mídia polemizou com a discussão sobre quem seria o grande vilão da epidemia em vez de esclarecer sobre a epidemia em si. Comprovou-se a defasagem da informação disponibilizada. O jogo de representações e a relação mídia/poder ficaram nítidas. Temos como problema não somente a possibilidade de acesso adequado e suficiente às informações produzidas, mas, também, a dificuldade de decidir o que deve ser discutido nos jornais diários para enriquecer, de fato, o arcabouço informacional da população. Para isso, os profissionais que lidam com informação e comunicação em saúde, na mídia impressa, precisam ser capacitados para provocar a aproximação da linguagem técnica à linguagem popular. Para que haja circulação e apropriação da informação em Saúde Pública, é necessário abrir a discussão para a comunidade e capacitá-la para que consiga se expressar. É importante discutir a qual tipo de informação o cidadão tem acesso durante os processos epidêmicos: Informação política ou epidemiológica? Questões políticas não podem se sobrepor a questões prioritárias de saúde nos meios de comunicação presentes no cotidiano das famílias brasileiras...
This research aimed to construct discourses to represent how the first epidemic of dengue fever in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, was approached by the printed media and think through outcomes concerning media and power. 126 Reports were collected from November 1990 to March 1991 from the newspapers Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo, and A Cidade, and from the magazines Veja and Revide. The Collective Subject Discourse was the method chosen based on the Theory of Social Representations. The media focused on the polemical discussion about who might be the villain of the epidemic rather than clarifying the epidemic itself. The gap of information provided was found. The game of representations and the relation media/power became clear. There is a problem not only with the possibility of adequate and sufficient access to the information produced, but also the difficulty of deciding what must be discussed in daily newspapers to enrich, in fact, the populations informational framework. For this, professionals who deal with information and communication in health, in the printed media, should be able to bring technical language closer to popular language. In order to provide circulation and appropriation of information on Public Health, there is a need to open the discussion to community and enable people to speak out. It is worth discussing which type of information the citizen accesses during the epidemic processes: Political or epidemiological information. Political issues cannot overlap priority health issues in the in the daily life media of Brazilian families...
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comunicação em Saúde , Dengue , Epidemias , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Mídias Sociais , Política de Saúde , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Este artigo analisa representações sociais de jornalistas argentinos e brasileiros sobre Maradona e Romário, em matérias publicadas após o jogo em homenagem ao primeiro e após o milésimo gol do segundo. O corpus argentino de análise é constituído por 12 notícias de diferentes mídias impressas, relacionadas ao evento. O brasileiro, de 34 notícias da mesma natureza. A análise das notícias resultou em cinco categorias de consenso sobre os homenageados: origem social, desempenho profissional, características pessoais, vínculo com os torcedores e transcendência. Os dissensos estão associados a fatos pontuais, na carreira de cada um deles. A análise do conteúdo das representações sobre Maradona permite associá-lo ao gaúcho argentino Martín Fierro. Quanto a Romário, sobressai o mulato de Gilberto Freyre, que passa do mucambo ao sobrado.
This paper analyzes social representations of Argentinian and Brazilian journalists about Maradona and Romário, in printed press, delivered after the game in honor of the first and after the goal number one thousand, of the second. The Argentinian corpus of analysis is compound by 12 reports, from different newspapers. The Brazilian one has 34 reports. The analysis of these reports resulted in the five following consensual categories, related to both athletes: social origin, professional performance, personal features, interaction with fans and transcendence. The non consensual categories refer to specific facts in the carrier of every athlete. The content analysis of social representations related to Maradona favors associating him with the Argentinian gaucho Martín Fierro. In what concerns Romário, he represents the Freyrian mulato, who ascends from mucambo to sobrado.
Este artículo analiza representaciones sociales de periodistas argentinos y brasileros sobre Maradona y Romário, en noticias publicadas después el partido homenaje del primero, y después del milésimo gol del segundo. El corpus argentino de análisis se conforma por 12 noticias de diferentes diários impresos. El brasilero, de 34 noticias. El análisis de las noticias resultó en cinco categorías de consenso sobre ambos homenajeados: origen social, desempeño profesional, características personales, vínculo con los hinchas y trascendencia. Los disensos están asociados a hechos puntuales, en la carrera de cada uno de los atletas. El análisis de contenido de las representaciones sobre Maradona permite asociarlo al gaucho argentino Martín Fierro. En cuanto a Romário, sobresale el mulato de Gilberto Freyre, que pasa del mucambo para el sobrado.
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MedicinaRESUMO
Reportagens que essencializam a diferença entre características masculinas e femininas têm obtido destaque em diversas revistas de circulação nacional, para um público leigo. Pretendeu-se, assim, problematizar a questão, discutindo algumas publicações sobre o enfoque relacional de gênero. Foram analisadas revistas veiculadas de janeiro a abril de 2005, representativas da imprensa de grande circulação, disponibilizadas na biblioteca de um colégio particular dirigidas para os alunos da quinta série do ensino fundamental até a terceira série do ensino médio. Também foram pesquisadas duas revistas direcionadas a profissionais e estudantes de Psicologia. Dentre 33 artigos encontrados, foram estudados 17 e selecionados 08 para serem submetidos à técnica de análise de discurso. Nos artigos pesquisados, percebeu-se um expressivo enfoque biológico no tratamento da temática, valorizando perspectivas médicas, neurológicas, etológicas, num viés muitas vezes psicologizante. Verificou-se também a confusão dos conceitos de sexo e gênero, dicotomizados em algumas publicações e utilizados como sinônimos em outras..
Articles that essentialize the difference between feminine and masculine characteristics have obtained especial attention in national magazines with readers mostly composed lay people. Taking such a situation in consideration, the above subject matter is questioned through a discussion of certain articles from the gender approach. Magazines published from January to April 2005, most of them highly popular throughout Brazil, were analyzed. Magazines, hailing from the library of a private and traditional school in Florianópolis SC Brazil, were read by students aged 11 to 18 years old. Two Psychology magazines, found in the Psychology Department of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, were also consulted. Out of 33 articles seventeen were selected and finally 8 articles were analyzed according to Discourse Analysis method (Orlandi, 1999). Results show that in the analyzed articles an expressive biological theorization on this subject occurred, valorizing medical, neurological and ethological approaches. Concepts of sex and gender are used in different ways, even as different concepts, while in others they are explained as synonyms..
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
Houve ampla divulgação na mídia sobre a descoberta e interdição de uma fábrica de baterias com elevada emissão de chumbo, no município de Bauru (SP), em 2002, dada a relevância do assunto para a saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as publicações na imprensa relativas à contaminação ambiental por chumbo em uma área residencial, sua repercussão sobre a saúde infantil e as iniciativas do poder público para enfrentamento desta questão. A análise do discurso da imprensa escrita é realizada mediante a leitura de notícias publicadas no ano de 2002, utilizando ferramentas de análise qualitativa. A partir da abordagem da imprensa sobre esta sucessão de acontecimentos, esta reflexão constitui uma contribuição à elaboração de programas educativos que têm como foco os cuidados com o meio ambiente e as suas repercussões sobre a saúde da população.
The finding and interdiction of a battery factory with high lead emission got massive media coverage in the city of Bauru (SP), in 2002, given the relevance of this issue to public health. Aiming at evaluating the publications in the press related to lead environmental contamination in a residential area, its repercussion on infantile health and the initiatives of government to face this subject, the present study has been delineated. The analysis of the press discourse is accomplished by the reading of news published in the year of 2002, using tools of qualitative analysis. Starting from the approach of the press on this sequence of events, this reflection represents a contribution to the elaboration of educational programs that focus on the care of the environment and its impact on public health.
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PIP: This article examines how two important Brazilian newspapers (Floha de S. Paulo and O Globo) covered the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) or Earth Summit. The analysis will also determine the characteristics of the environmental media and its significance when it comes to coverage of environmental issues. This article provides historical background information on the environmental media in the US and in Brazil, contextual information on the Earth Summit, a content analysis of stories about UNCED published by the two Brazilian newspapers. Overall, 649 news items were used to determine the type of sources used, as well as the kind of issues covered. The analysis showed that government officials were the most frequently cited sources, while environmentalists and scientists were all but ignored as news sources. The analysis also indicated that economic issues were surprisingly prominent in the coverage. These results are compatible with the previous studies done in several countries and indicate that environmental media are still extremely reliant on "official" voices. The finding also highlight the fact that the range of issues covered by the environmental media largely reflects the perceived public agenda.^ieng
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Meio Ambiente , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Jornais como Assunto , América , Brasil , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: "LETRA S. SIDA. Cultura y Vida Cotidiana" is a monthly 16-page supplement that appears in the Mexican national newspaper "La Jornada." The supplement is produced by a nongovernmental organization (NGO) of the same name, and advertisements pay for the costs of production. Each issue studies a different AIDS theme, including women, indigenous people, migration, safe sex, homophobia, religion, and education. Each theme is approached from various perspectives, including epidemiology, medicine, sexuality, human rights, social science research, culture, and the arts. Populations most at risk are targeted. The aim is to arouse cultural criticism of taboos, prejudice and discrimination, sexual inequality, and gender issues that facilitate the transmission of HIV. Official health policies and the activities of groups, conservative and religious, which reject prevention programs are scrutinized. Each issue of the supplement includes a journalistic investigation providing statistics, facts, and opinions; interviews with health and education officials, politicians, state governors, and NGO staff; background articles by intellectuals, researchers, and well-known persons in Mexican society; PHA testimonies; reports on research and conferences; letters to the editor; cultural reviews relating to the theme of the issue; and a directory of NGOs doing HIV/AIDS work and of health institutions serving PHAs. The supplement has gone from a print run of 25,000 copies, when it was published as part of "El Nacional" (another government newspaper), to 70,000 in "La Jornada." The NGO has recently won the "Francisco Estrada Valle" award for its work.^ieng
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Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Infecções por HIV , Serviços de Informação , Jornais como Assunto , Organizações , América , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: In Lima, Peru, a study was conducted that evaluated the influences on mothers' decisions regarding breastfeeding. Local views and health professional advice was ascertained. A follow-up study of a group of pregnant women was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice in regard to the early feeding of their children. The women were interviewed in their homes before delivery, as soon as possible after delivery, and twice a week until their babies were 1 month old. The experience of the mother was the key factor, but advice from relatives, neighbors, and health professionals was also important. A lack of information about exclusive breast feeding was common. Although the women knew breast feeding was good, they were unaware that exclusive breast feeding was best. Health workers knew to advise against other milks, but failed to advise mothers against the use of herbal teas and sweetened water as supplements. The women commonly believed they were unable to produce enough milk to feed their children because of their own undernourishment. Others believed exclusive breast feeding would worsen their own health, while some experienced difficulties breast feeding. This led to supplementation with other milks; herbal teas were given to cure colic and to quench infants' thirst. Based on these findings, the project focused educational efforts on providing better information to mothers. Messages stressed the thirst quenching property of breast milk and its similar benefits to herbal tea, which should be consumed by the mother, rather than the infant. Since breast feeding practices were closely linked to mothers' beliefs about their own needs, the project emphasized the value and needs of the mother and the benefits of breast feeding for her. Educational activities, which continued for 12 months, included videos shown to small groups of mothers, posters, distribution of pamphlets, and messages broadcast over loudspeakers. A significant increase in the number of children aged 0-4 months being exclusively breast fed was observed; however, the increase only occurred in the second, third, and fourth month. This seemed to be a direct result of the decrease in use of herbal teas and sweetened waters. The number of women using other milks as supplements did not decrease significantly.^ieng
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Aleitamento Materno , Coleta de Dados , Atenção à Saúde , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Seguimentos , Processos Grupais , Educação em Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Relações Interpessoais , Entrevistas como Assunto , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Mães , Ensino , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Educação , Características da Família , Relações Familiares , Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , América Latina , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Organização e Administração , Pais , Peru , Pesquisa , Estudos de Amostragem , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: In 1991-1992, Via Libre, a nongovernmental organization (NGO), developed an information program for the general public in Lima using a portable pavilion. The metallic structure is 32 square meters and houses 30 posters with prevention messages. Collaboration with another NGO, Instituto Generacion, resulted in the production of a 7 minute video of basic information that is shown continuously at the pavilion. Facilitators distribute printed materials. Occasionally, a third NGO, Asociacion Germinal, provides street clowns who carry prevention messages to accompany the exhibit. Due to positive public response, the exhibit became "The Information Traveling Pavilion" in 1993; the exhibit has traveled to more than seven cities throughout Peru. Via Libre staff provide local health workers with information update courses and counseling workshops in order to respond to increased public demands for information and support following the activities. 75 private enterprises have provided support for the program. Radio and television collaborate in publicizing the activities.^ieng
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Educação , Educação em Saúde , Instituições Privadas de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organização e Administração , Organizações , Gravação de Videoteipe , América , Comunicação , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Peru , América do Sul , Gravação em FitaRESUMO
PIP: The Argentine Network of Women Living with HIV/AIDS (ANW) provides general information about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), assistance in assessing medications through state and private services, and information concerning and referrals to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and governmental social services to low income women who have been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Workshops allow the women to become more active on their own behalf and contribute to the reorientation of health and social services to better meet their needs. Due to the stigma attached to AIDS in Argentina, ANW works to ensure the human rights of these women through participation in the Ministry of Interior Programme against Discrimination and in public events that inform the community about the concerns of HIV positive women with regard to discrimination. A bulletin provides scientific and medical information, news on activities, model advocacy and policy statements, and addresses of support agencies. Contributions are accepted from all HIV positive women. In order to reach isolated cases outside of the capital, links are maintained with other AIDS organizations in the nation.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Educação , Infecções por HIV , Direitos Humanos , Serviços de Informação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organizações , Pacientes , Pobreza , Encaminhamento e Consulta , América , Argentina , Comunicação , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Economia , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do Sul , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: Journalists who cover population issues search out information on official policies, demographic rates, scientific positions, and shocking trends. In the process, individuals vanish into the collective. A women's journalism project in Mexico, Women's Information and Communication Center (CIMAC), is endeavoring to change this pattern of reporting, especially in the area of reproductive rights. CIMAC journalists note that it is in discussion with individuals that the real effects of development policies can be understood, not through reliance on official statistics. In addition, CIMAC is stimulating public debate on issues such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, the effort toward decentralization through the creation of 100 new cities, labor migration, and environmental destruction. Another focus will be to large participants at the 1994 International Conferences on Population and Development to validate the rights of women.^ieng
Assuntos
Comunicação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Política Pública , Medicina Reprodutiva , Mulheres , América , Países em Desenvolvimento , Saúde , Agências Internacionais , América Latina , México , América do Norte , Organizações , Política , Opinião Pública , Nações UnidasRESUMO
PIP: A new report on the National Seminar on the Integrated Project (IP) established in 1988 in San Lucas Toliman, Solota State, Guatemala is summarized. Conference participants included area mayors, community leaders, health promoters, military personnel, health center workers, traditional birth attendants (TBAs), representatives from San Carlos University, Project staff, and members of a vocational sewing school operating under the IP. The seminar objective was to inform participants about project achievements and the success of integration of family planning (FP), maternal and child health (MCH), primary health care, environmental sanitation, and community development. The current target population is 70,000 people from the initial area of San Lucas Toliman and the neighboring areas of Godinez, Agua Escondida, San Antonio Palapo, Santa Catarina, San Andres Semetabaj, Patanatic, and Panajachel in Solola and Patulu in Suchitepequez State. Several projects were the primary focus: the MCH Handbook on FP, new equipment and facilities, a field trip to San Lucas Toliman, and parasite control and community participation. The MCH Handbook was developed based on the Japanese MCH Handbook and funded by the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunication's voluntary Deposit for International Aid (VDIA) scheme. the booklet is directed to illiterate Spanish-speaking populations through ample pictorial displays and literates. The focus on parasite control was the impetus for community participation and community funding of 1000 latrines. Personal hygiene habits have changed dramatically. Japanese technical assistance was given for refinement of technical skills in sewing and income generation through demonstrations of laboratory and field techniques and for promotion. A new IP laboratory in San Andres Sematabaj was also commemorated during the workshop period; a 3rd laboratory will be funded by the community. Both labs will be used for primary health care services and FP/MCH services. A motorboat, motorcycle, overhead projector, and 43 health kits for TBAs were also purchased with VDIA funds.^ieng
Assuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Educação , Equipamentos e Provisões , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Instalações de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Folhetos , América , América Central , Comunicação , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Guatemala , Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , América do Norte , Organização e AdministraçãoRESUMO
PIP: The Center for Family Orientation (COF), a private family planning agency with clinics in 8 provinces of Bolivia, initiated a bold, scientifically planned, and successful mass media campaign in 1986. As late as 1978 the Bolivian government had been hostile to COF. The Johns Hopkins University/Population Communication Services helped COF determine that the Bolivian public and its leaders were open to more information about family planning. Bolivia, the poorest Latin American country, then had 7 million people, expected to double in 27 years. There are 2 distinct indigenous groups, the Aymara and the Quechua, and Spanish-speaking people, centered in the cities of La Paz, Cochabamba, and Santa Cruz, respectively. Only 4% of couples use modern family planning methods. Initial surveys of 522 opinion leaders, 300 family planning users, focus groups of users, and a population survey of 1300 people in 8 provinces showed that 90% wanted modern family planning services. Radio was chosen to inform potential users about COF's services, to increase clinic attendance, and to involve men. To obtain support from public leaders, 10 conferences were held. The 1st series of radio messages focused on health benefits of family planning and responsible parenthood; the 2nd series gave specific benefits, information on child spacing, breast feeding, and optimal ages for childbearing. Besides 36,800 radio spots broadcast on 17 stations, booklets, posters, calendars, promotional items, and audiotapes to be played in public busses, were all designed, pretested, and revised. New acceptors increased 71% during the 11-month campaign. Success of the project influenced the start of the National Reproductive Health Project and new IEC efforts planned through cooperation of public and private institutions.^ieng
Assuntos
Instituições de Assistência Ambulatorial , Comunicação , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Folhetos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Cooperação do Paciente , Setor Privado , Opinião Pública , Rádio , Gravação em Fita , América , Atitude , Comportamento , Bolívia , Atenção à Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Saúde , Instalações de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Organização e Administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Psicologia , Pesquisa , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: STD prevention efforts in Latin America, particularly in the Dominican Republic, have begun to stress the need for behavioral changes. Traditionally, the professional public health community has focused on secondary prevention of STDs -- detection and treatment of the disease in order to prevent complications from developing. But in light of the AIDS epidemic, greater attention has been paid to primary prevention. Hoping to prevent the disease from occurring, primary prevention efforts target high risk groups (prostitutes and their clients and young people) with health education and promotion of behavioral change. Such changes include using condoms, seeking medical care for STDs, and decreasing the number of sex partners. An example of primary prevention programs is the Avancemos Project in the Dominican Republic. Launched in 1989 by the country's Ministry of Health and Family Health International's AIDSTECH Division, the project targets sex workers with several intervention measures. Initially, the Avancemos Project trained 16 sex workers to serve as peer educators to distribute condoms and educational materials. These 16 volunteers have in turn trained more than 300 other peer educators. Among the educational materials distributed by the peer educators are 2 comic books entitled "Martiza's Advice" and "The Triumphs of Maritza." A handsome, well dressed, and street-wise sex worker, the title character in these comic books instructs on a range of issues, including how to negotiate with clients how to use a condom. As those involved with the project attest, the comic books have become extremely popular among the target group, tapping into the women's buried feelings of self-worth.^ieng
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Preservativos , Atenção à Saúde , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Grupo Associado , Pesquisa , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Ensino , América , Comportamento , Região do Caribe , Comunicação , Anticoncepção , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , República Dominicana , Educação , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Infecções por HIV , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde , Infecções , América Latina , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , Comportamento Sexual , VirosesRESUMO
PIP: In January 1990, the Health Secretary asked the Technologies for Primary Health Care (PRITECH) project to facilitate access to the many small villages with 500 people in Mexico since PRITECH had assisted the diarrhea disease control program. 1st PRITECH had Ministry of Health staff train trainers which would eventually spread the information to the rural areas. This strategy was effective only for those people who did not live in remote areas. The same reasons for remote people being at high risk of disease also limited this strategy: isolation, lack of education, limited diets, lack of access to services, and limited fluency in Spanish. PRITECH hired a local consulting organization, CICLOPE, to develop a new strategy. CICLOPE limited its activities to the states of Hidalgo and Vera Cruz for 8 months. 1st CICLOPE staff provided proper diarrhea management training including emphasis on oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to rural health auxiliaries. They used a gourd painted to look like an infant with holes and other modifications to depict the workings and results of diarrheal dehydration. The staff then sent the auxiliaries to their own communities to use the gourd dolls to teach mothers about ORT and correct diarrhea management. The staff conducted follow-up activities to monitor the auxiliaries' progress. This training approach allowed the auxiliaries to realize the abilities of the mothers and their active role in learning. The auxiliaries conducted the training at markets where women living in remote areas came weekly. The local radio announced market day events in which the auxiliaries participated and aired dramas about diarrhea management. CICLOPE staff and the auxiliaries sat up a booth at these markets to promote proper diarrhea management. They used a flip chart, comic books, a lottery game, and entertainment to impart education messages.^ieng
Assuntos
Recursos Audiovisuais , Comunicação , Diarreia , Educação em Saúde , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Rádio , População Rural , Ensino , América , Atenção à Saúde , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Doença , Educação , Saúde , Serviços de Saúde , América Latina , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , México , América do Norte , População , Características da PopulaçãoRESUMO
PIP: The steps in designing and producing effective AIDS prevention educational materials are outlines, using as an example a brochure originated in St. Lucia for clients at STD clinics. The brochure was intended to be read by clients as they waited for their consultation, thus it was targeted to a specific audience delimited by age, sex, language, educational level, religion and associated medical or behavioral characteristics. When researching the audience, it is necessary to learn the medium they best respond to, what they know already, what is their present behavior, how they talk about AIDS, what terms they use, how they perceive the benefits of AIDS prevention behavior, what sources of information they trust. The minimum number of key messages should be selected. Next the most appropriate channel of communication is identified. Mass media are not always best for a target audience, "little media" such as flyers and give-always may be better. The draft is then pre-tested by focus groups and interviews, querying about the text separately, then images, color, format, style. Listen to the way the respondents talk about the draft. Modify the draft and pre-test again. Fine-tune implications of the message for realism in emotional responses, respect, self-esteem, admiration and trust. To achieve wide distribution it is a good idea to involve community leaders to production of the materials, so they will be more likely to take part in the distribution process.^ieng