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BACKGROUND: In dental extractions, particularly when local anesthesia is used, it usually offers analgesic relief for a few hours. However, pain can become a notable concern in the immediate postoperative period due to the trauma experienced by both soft and hard oral tissues. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the most effective strategies for managing postoperative pain in primary tooth extractions. METHODS: Two examiners conducted a search across five electronic databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and OpenGray. Studies were included if they met the following criteria after reviewing their titles and abstracts: they involved children and evaluated pain management following primary tooth extraction. Subsequently, articles that described extractions performed under any form of sedation, were not conducted under local anesthesia, in an outpatient setting, and in children aged 0 to 12 years, or were not randomized controlled trials, were excluded. RESULTS: The search yielded 374 relevant articles, of which 9 were included. Among these, 5 utilized preoperative medications as a pain management strategy, one evaluated low-level laser therapy (LLLT) postoperatively, one assessed calendula drops postoperatively, and another explored virtual reality during the procedure and arnica in solution both pre and postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Among all the strategies evaluated, the strategy involving analgesics administered 30 minutes before tooth extractions was supported by better-designed studies. However, there is a high risk of bias.

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BACKGROUND: The survival of ART restorations can be influenced by the choice of the restorative material. The aim of this randomized non-inferiority controlled trial was to compare the 2-year survival rate and cost analysis of two encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GIC) as occlusoproximal restorative materials in primary molars. METHODS: Children from public schools in Tietê (Brazil), aged 4-8 years with occlusoproximal dentine carious lesions in primary molars were selected and randomly assigned to receive either Equia Forte (EF) or Riva Self Cure (RSC) as restorative materials. Treatment was carried out by two trained final-year dental students in schools following ART premises. Restorations were assessed by a trained and calibrated examiner after 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was restoration survival after 2 years, analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis (α = 5%). Professional and materials costs for each group were collected in Brazilian Reais (R$) and converted into US dollars (US$) and analyzed using Monte-Carlo simulation. RESULTS: A total of 152 children (76 per group) were included in the study, and 121 (79%) were evaluated after 2 years. The overall 2-year restoration survival rate was 39% (EF = 45%; RSC = 32%) with no difference between the groups. The baseline and 2-year total cost of restorations using RSC was lower when compared to EF (incremental cost: US$ 6.18). CONCLUSION: After two years of follow-up, Riva Self Cure shows comparable restoration survival rates to Equia Forte, being more cost-effective in the Brazilian perspective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This randomized clinical trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.Gov - NCT02730000.

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BACKGROUND: Identifying factors associated with the occurrence of primary tooth avulsion is essential to promote prevention strategies. AIM: To investigate the risk factors associated with primary incisor avulsion and variables associated with post-avulsion sequelae in the permanent successor. DESIGN: This case-control study comprised 407 children (cases) with primary incisor avulsion and 407 children (controls) with other traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The association between explanatory variables and avulsion was evaluated through logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analyses between potential explanatory variables and sequelae were run, from which relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% CI were estimated. RESULTS: TDI caused by moderate falls (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.47 to 3.27), affecting lateral incisors (OR = 10.10; 95% CI = 3.89 to 26.54) and the lower arch (OR = 9.54; 95% CI = 3.15 to 28.85), were associated with primary incisor avulsion. Moreover, children with previous severe TDI, anterior open bite, and anterior crossbite had higher odds of primary incisor avulsion. Children who suffered from any primary tooth avulsion (RR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.82 to 3.95) had a higher risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. The risk for sequelae in the permanent teeth was significantly greater for younger children under age 2 years than for children ages 3 to 5 years. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for primary incisor avulsion are related to the severity of the fall, tooth position, history of previous TDI, and malocclusion. Furthermore, avulsion increases the risk of sequelae in the permanent successors.

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BACKGROUND: The conicity of the root canals of primary teeth is an important measure for endodontic therapies. However, determining this conicity depends on the methods employed, which requires further investigation. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the conicity of the root canals of the upper and lower primary second molars using nanotomography (nCT). DESIGN: An in vitro study was performed using nine primary second molars, both upper and lower, subjected to nCT. Comparisons between the diameters of root canals were performed between the thirds (cervical-D0, middle-D5, and apical-D7). The conicity (%) was determined for each root canal from cervical to apical. Data were statistically analyzed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: The conicity ranged from 2% to 8% for the upper primary second molars. Significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in the mesio- and distobuccal roots (p < .05), but not in the palatal roots (p > .05). For the lower primary second molars, the conicity ranged from 2% to 17%, as well as significant differences in root canal diameter between the thirds (D0, D5, and D7 points) were observed in all roots (distal, mesiobuccal, and mesiolingual; p < .05). CONCLUSION: The conicity of the upper primary second molars was different from that of the lower ones, which showed a greater variability.

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Abstract The objective of this research was to identify bacteria present in the microbiota of dentinal carious lesions in primary molars of some Costa Rican pediatric patients. Data were collected from 15 children aged between 4 and 8 years old who attended the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at the Faculty of Dentistry from the University of Costa Rica (UCR). The inclusion criteria were: infants between 4 and 8 years old who presented cavitated carious lesions in primary teeth, who were actively attended by students at the Faculty of Dentistry from the UCR, and whose parents or legal guardians signed the informed consent to participate in this research. Samples were taken using a sterile spoon, placed in storage vials, and subjected to various conventional and molecular microbial identification techniques, such as Gram stain identification, catalase tests, oxidase, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH, and VITEK 2. Of the 60 bacterial strains subjected to Gram staining, the following was obtained: 28 Gram-positive bacteria and 32 Gram-negative bacteria. The main isolated organisms were species of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp, and Streptococcus mutans.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las bacterias presentes en la microbiota de lesiones cariosas dentinales en molares primarias de pacientes pediátricos costarricenses. Las muestras fueron recolectadas de 15 niños entre los 4 y 8 años que fueron atendidos en la Clínica de Odontopediatría en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Los criterios de inclusión fueron: pacientes entre los 4 y los 8 años de edad que presentaran lesiones cariosas cavitadas en dientes primarios, que se encuentraran activos para su atención por estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la UCR, y que los padres o encargados legales firmaran el consentimiento informado para participar en esta investigación. Las muestras se tomaron utilizando una cuchareta estéril, colocándolas en viales de almacenamiento y fueron sometidas a diversas técnicas de identificación microbiana convencionales y moleculares tales como: identificación por Tinción de Gram, pruebas catalasa, oxidasa, TSI, API 20E, API STAPH y VITEK. De las 60 cepas bacterianas sometidas a tinción de Gram se obtuvo: 28 bacterias Gram Positivas y 32 bacterias Gram Negativas. Los principales organismos aislados fueron: especies de Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pasteurella pneumotropica/ Mannheimia haemolytica, Pantoea spp y Streptococcus mutans.

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Children's oral health depends on parents' knowledge and attitudes. The primary dentition stage, in particular, plays a crucial role in the comprehensive development of children. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate parents' knowledge and attitudes about oral health in the primary dentition stage in Chachapoyas (Amazonas, NW Peru). A questionnaire was administered to 409 parents from 15 educational institutions, and the data were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Among the surveyed parents, 75.3% could identify at least one habit harmful to their children's teeth (such as excessive sugar consumption) and one of its effects (such as dental caries). Additionally, 77.5% reported that their children presented some dental problem, more frequent in the peripheral areas than in the city's center. Gender (odd ratio, OR = 0.484; p = 0.037), educational level (OR = 2.144; p = 0.043), and type of health insurance (OR = 2.627; p = 0.044) of the parents influenced awareness of taking care of their children's primary dental health. The geographic location of the school (1.729 < OR < 2.079; p ≤ 0.011) and family income (OR = 3.504; p = 0.028) influenced parents' identification of the different harmful effects of children's habits. Factors such as low socioeconomic status and never taking the child to the dentist increased the risk of dental problems (p < 0.05). It is suggested that peripheral areas, like rural areas, lack the same oral health programs and access to treatment as central urban areas, leading to disparities in parental knowledge and attitudes.

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BACKGROUND: Pulpectomy is used to treat primary teeth with irreversibly inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue. There is, however, a lack of consensus on clinical protocols for teaching pulpectomy at dental schools. AIM: To determine what faculty members at Brazilian dental schools are teaching about pulpectomy in primary teeth. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using a 39-question survey available via the Google Forms® platform. A snowball sampling strategy was used for recruitment. Invitations to participate were sent via e-mail, WhatsApp® and Instagram®. The data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: A total of 177 (58.4%) responses were obtained. Most faculty members recommended the use of Kerr hand files (66.1%), and 1% sodium hypochlorite was the most common choice for the irrigating solution (35.3%). Iodoform pastes were the first choice of faculty members (41.6%), and 60.5% of the faculty members recommended composite resin as the definitive restoration. CONCLUSION: Similarities were found in the teaching of pulpectomy for primary teeth among faculty members at dental schools in Brazil.

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BACKGROUND: Dental caries is the most common oral disease worldwide, and it is estimated to affect 2.3 billion people, with at least 530 million of them being schoolchildren with decayed primary teeth. This condition can rapidly evolve into irreversible pulp inflammation and pulp necrosis and thus requiring endodontic intervention. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a supplementary method to conventional pulpectomy and is used to improve the protocol used for disinfection. AIM: The main objective of this study was to evaluate through a systematic review the efficacy of supplementary PDT on the pulpectomy of primary teeth. This review was registered a priori on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022310581). DESIGN: Two independent and blinded reviewers carried out a comprehensive search in five databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies were randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials that evaluated in vivo microbiological load or clinical outcomes after using supplementary PDT in infected primary teeth. RESULTS: After the selection process, four studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. Data regarding the sample characteristics and PDT protocols were retrieved. All included trials used phenothiazinium salts as photosensitizer agents. Only one study observed a significant difference in the in vivo microbiological load reduction outcome when performing PDT on primary teeth. The remaining studies all discussed the possible benefits of this intervention; however, none observed a significant difference in this outcome. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review, moderate-to-low certainty of the available evidence was observed, and thus, no significant conclusions can be drawn from the findings.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of retained primary teeth (RPT) associated with delayed permanent tooth eruption and the factors associated with this condition in German children. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that evaluated panoramic radiographs from orthodontic patients. The diagnosis of RPT was established according to Nolla developmental stage. The primary tooth was considered retained when its successor permanent tooth was in Nolla stage 8, 9, or 10. Statistical analysis was performed with an α of 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 102 children (48 girls and 54 boys), and 574 primary teeth and their respective permanent successor teeth were evaluated. We classified 192 teeth as RPT. Sixty-one (59.8%) children presented one or more RPT. Gender was not significantly different between RPT and control teeth (p = 0.838; odds ratio 0.95, confidence interval 95% 0.44-2.16). In the majority of the RPT cases (68.7%), no clear cause to explain the prolonged retention was identified. The pathological problems most commonly observed with RPT were dental fillings (19.3%), followed by dental caries (4.6%), and ectopic tooth eruption (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of RPT associated with delayed permanent tooth eruption in German children was high and the most common pathological condition associated with RPT was dental caries.

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PURPOSE: To estimate the taper of root canals of deciduous maxillary and mandibular canines by nano computed tomography (nano-CT). METHODS: This in vitro study involved CT scan analysis of nine maxillary and five mandibular primary canines. The images of each tooth were reconstructed using OnDemand3D software. Thereon, diameter and taper analyses were performed on the free FreeCAD 0.18 software for the three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design model. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata v14.0 software, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: 3D image reconstruction was performed, considering the diameters obtained along the entire length of the tooth root, and the conical model was built with a height of 10 mm. The diameters of the maxillary canine at points D0 (0 mm), D5 (5 mm), D7 (7 mm), and D10 (10 mm) were 1.62, 1.07, 0.78, and 0.49 mm, respectively, with a significant difference between the four points (p = 0.0001). Regarding maxillary canine root taper values in the cervical, middle, and apical regions, the values were 12%, 14%, and 10%, respectively. For mandibular canines, the mean diameter values obtained at points D0, D5, D7, and D10 were 1.51, 0.83, 0.64, and 0.45 mm, respectively, with significant differences among the four points (p = 0.005). The inferior canine root tapers in the cervical, middle, and apical regions were 14%, 10%, and 6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The detailed knowledge of the root morphology of maxillary and mandibular deciduous canines, as it has been shown in vitro using nano-CT, is critical to achieve accurate and efficient endodontic treatments.

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BACKGROUND: Parents believe that teething is associated with signs and symptoms, which may induce them to give medications that could harm their children. Some children may require alleviation of symptoms and overall attention. AIM: To assess parents' beliefs in and attitudes toward teething. DESIGN: Through electronic databases and gray literature, this systematic review identified cross-sectional studies reporting parents' beliefs in, knowledge about, and attitudes toward the signs and symptoms of primary tooth eruption in children aged between 0 and 36 months. Three reviewers independently selected the studies, collected the information, assessed methodological quality, and checked for accuracy with disagreements solved by a fourth reviewer. The Agency of Research and Quality in Health questionnaire for cross-sectional studies was used for quality assessment. Descriptive analysis with median and interquartile ranges was adopted. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies comprising 10 524 participants from all geographic regions were included. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. Most parents have beliefs in signs and symptoms during dentition, the most reported symptom being the desire to bite. Oral rehydration was the most exposed attitude in the studies included. Only a small proportion of parents reported no attitude. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of parents believed in at least one sign or symptom associated with teething, and only few of them would do nothing or just wait for the signs or symptoms to pass, with no difference among countries (Protocol doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/S2KZ3).

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the pH and calcium ions (Ca2+) release from two tricalcium silicate-based sealers (Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Pulpecto) through roots of primary teeth. Methods: Forty root canals of primary incisors were prepared and distributed into four groups according to the filling material: GPlusBC (Sealer Plus BC); GBioC (Bio-C Pulpecto); GUltra (Ultracal); and GC (no filled). pH measurement was performed with a digital pH meter, and the Ca2+ release was measured in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at baseline, 24 h and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks later. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. Results: The results did not reveal significant differences between the groups in terms of pH in 24 h, 1-, and 2-weeks' periods. After 4 weeks, there was a significant difference, with the highest mean pH values in GUltra, followed, respectively, by GPlusBC and GBioC. Regarding the Ca2+ release, the GUltra showed greatest mean values at all evaluated times, and the other groups showed no difference between them. Conclusion: Both sealers were able to promote the elevation of the pH and Ca2+ release through roots of primary teeth, which brings favorable properties for their use as a filling material.

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BACKGROUND: Although reciprocating instrumentation has been extensively studied for permanent teeth, stronger evidence for its use in primary teeth is lacking. AIM: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating (RECIP) and manual (MAN) instrumentation techniques after 24 months. DESIGN: Primary molars with indication of endodontic treatment were randomly divided into two groups: MAN and RECIP. Treatments were performed, and root canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste. Teeth were later restored with bulk-fill composite resin and re-evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The primary outcome was the success of the endodontic treatment evaluated by Cox regression analysis adjusted by cluster and success rate after 24 months in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Instrumentation time, discomfort, postoperative pain, and quality of root canal filling were also evaluated as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 151 primary win 107 children were included, and 137 were followed up for 24 months. Success rate of teeth allocated to the MAN group was 57.3% and 55.3% for RECIP (p = .792); MAN instrumentation, however, was more time-consuming (p = .005). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of endodontic treatment in primary molars using reciprocating and manual instrumentation is similar after 24 months.

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Background: This will be a before-and-after study nested within a randomized clinical trial. Its objective will be to analyze the effectiveness of a teleconsultation and validate a questionnaire for performing teletriage in dental urgency/emergency situations in children aged 3 to 13, whose parents will have signed a free and informed consent form, and who have had full access to the internet. Methods: The Questionnaire for Teletriage of Emergencies and Urgencies in Pediatric Dentistry (QuesT-Odontoped)-will be validated by applying it to 140 randomized child parents/guardians. After validation, another 260 children seeking emergency dental care in the municipality of Carangola, Minas Gerais, Brazil, will receive a remote consultation, be randomized, and then allocated into two groups: G1, teleconsultation, and G2, teleconsultation and face-to-face consultation (immediately after the former) with a blinded evaluator, involving anamnesis and conventional clinical examination. The G2 sample will be used in the before-after study. Both groups will be followed-up for 7 and 14 days using pain and quality-of-life scales, applied at baseline and after each follow-up period. Clinical follow-up will be carried out after 12 and 24 months to assess the outcome of the tooth that had been indicated for treatment in the teletriage. The Mann-Whitney test will be used to assess pain; Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test will be used to assess quality of life and the number of missing teeth after 24 months; and Poisson's regression analysis will be used to assess the influence of other variables. The significance level will be set at 5%. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study expects to confirm the hypothesis that remote urgency consultation (teletriage), through a validated questionnaire, will be able to define the planning of the clinical situation, reducing the chance of displacements and progression of infection, helping to eliminate patient pain and discomfort.

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Background: Resin composite has been usually used for restoring primary teeth. Nevertheless, there is a lack of supporting clinical data regarding the survival of resin composite restorations and risk factors that may dictate the service time of the treatment in children. Aim: To evaluate the survival and factors associated with composite resin restoration failure in high caries risk children treated under risk-factor management clinical protocol for dental caries prior to restorative therapy. Design: A total of 230 restorations in primary teeth from records of 48 patients were included in the study. Restoration longevity, up to 3-year follow-up, was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis with shared frailty was used to evaluate the factors associated with failures (p<0.05). Results: Mean survival time was 2.7 -year (95 percent CI: 0.75-0.87). Restoration survival reached 82.5 percent up to 3-year evaluation, with an overall annual failure rate of 6.2 percent. The unadjusted model showed restorations performed in children with dmf-t greater than 10 had more restoration failure risk (HR 5.59, 95 percent CI 1.03-30.34; p=0.04) However, this association lost significance in the adjusted analysis (p=0.08). Conclusions: Composite resin restorations in primary teeth presented satisfactory survival after 3-year follow-up (AU)

Antecedentes: El composite de resina se ha utilizado habitualmente para restaurar dientes primarios. Sin embargo, se carece de datos clínicos de apoyo sobre la supervivencia de las restauraciones de resina compuesta y los factores de riesgo que pueden dictar el tiempo de servicio del tratamiento en los niños. Objetivo: Evaluar la supervivencia y los factores asociados al fracaso de las restauraciones de resina compuesta en niños con alto riesgo de caries tratados con un protocolo clínico de gestión de factores de riesgo de caries dental antes del tratamiento restaurador. Diseño: Se incluyeron en el estudio un total de 230 restauraciones en dientes primarios de registros de 48 pacientes. La longevidad de las restauraciones, hasta los 3 años de seguimiento, se evaluó mediante la prueba de supervivencia de Kaplan-Meier. Se utilizó un análisis multivariante de regresión de Cox con fragilidad compartida para evaluar los factores asociados a los fracasos (p<0,05). Resultados: El tiempo medio de supervivencia fue de 2,7 -años (IC95 por ciento: 0,75-0,87). La supervivencia de la restauración alcanzó el 82,5 por ciento hasta la evaluación a los 3 años, con una tasa global anual de fracasos del 6,2 por ciento. El modelo no ajustado mostró que las restauraciones realizadas en niños con dmf-t superior a 10 tenían más riesgo de fracaso de la restauración (HR 5,59; IC 95 por ciento: 1,03-30,34; p=0,04). Sin embargo, esta asociación perdió significación en el análisis ajustado (p=0,08). Conclusiones: Las restauraciones de resina compuesta en dientes primarios presentaron una supervivencia satisfactoria tras un seguimiento de 3 años (AU)

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Recently, biomimetic bioactive biomaterials have been introduced to the market for dental pulp capping. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine any variation between the effect of using TheraCal LC and other bioactive biomaterials for pulp capping is different, as measured by dentin increment and clinical success. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 and Newcastle−Ottawa tools for randomized clinical trials and observational studies. A search for relevant articles was performed on five databases. Additionally, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. A summary of individual studies and a meta-analysis were performed. The odds ratio of data from clinical success was combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed homogeneity between the studies (I2 = 0%). They revealed that the clinical success showed no differences between the patients who received TheraCal LC, light-cured calcium silicate-based biomimetic biomaterial, for dental pulp capping or the comparator biomaterials (p > 0.5). However, the certainty of the evidence was low to moderate due to the risk of bias in the included studies.

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Objetivo: Avaliar, através de uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa, vídeos postados em português e espanhol sobre a temática da dor em dentes decíduos disponíveis na plataforma YouTubeTM. Materiais e Métodos: Pesquisa do tipo transversal em que foram utilizados descritores indexados e não indexados e suas combinações nos idiomas português (PT) e espanhol (ES), para buscas na plataforma Youtube™ de vídeos postados nos ultimos dez anos. O conteúdo dos vídeos foi categorizado para a análise final e avaliado de acordo com a literatura. Resultados: Foram identificados um total de 1.129 vídeos e foram incluidos na amostra final 249 em ES e 221 em PT. Destes 67% (ES) e 56,6% (PT) foram realizados por leigos e 22,9% (ES) e 27,6% (PT) por profissionais de saúde. O fator associado a dor mais comumente descrito nos vídeos foi a remoção dentária associada a esfoliação dos dentes decíduos em 50% (ES) e 47,1% (PT). Não foi observada a concordância total com a literatura em nenhum dos dois idiomas. Conclusão: O YouTube™ como fonte de referência para a busca de informações sobre a dor em dentes decíduos mostrou conter uma pobre qualidade das informações e inconsistências para a educação em saúde. Os profissionais de saúde devem ser estimulados a enviar vídeos educativos baseados em evidencias científicas de modo a contribuir com a disseminação de informações verdadeiras e confiáveis para a população em geral.

Objective: Evaluate, through a quantitative and qualitative analysis, videos posted in Portuguese and Spanish, on the theme of pain in primary teeth available on the YouTube™ platform. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional research, in which some descriptors indexed and not, and their combination were chosen in Portuguese and Spanish, and used in the YouTube™ search platform in the last decade. The data content was categorized for the final analysis and evaluated according to the literature. Results: 1,129 videos were identified in Spanish (ES) and 784 in Portuguese (PT), of which 249 in ES and 221 in PT were selected in the final sample. 67% (ES) and 56.6% (PT) were carried out by lay people and 22.9% (ES) and 27.6% (PT) by health professionals. The associated factor most described in terms of pain in primary teeth was tooth removal associated with tooth exfoliation with 50% (ES) and 47,1% (PT) and the total agreement with the literature did not occur in both languages. Conclusion: YouTube™ can be a source of reference to get knowledge about pain in primary teeth for parents and children. However, the quality of the evaluated information is inconsistent for health education on this study subject. Health professionals should be encouraged to send educational videos according to scientific information, in order to contribute with guidelines based on scientific evidence that are available to the population

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Abstract This double-blind, randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the clinical performance and clinical time to restore occluso-proximal cavities in primary molars withbulk-fillresin and conventional resin. A total of 140 class II restorations in primary molars of 65 participants (mean age of 6.7 + 1.5) were placed in two random groups:bulk-filland conventional resin. The restorations were evaluated using FDI criteria at the baseline, 6-month, and one year by a single calibrated examiner, and the clinical restorative time was measured with a digital timer. The success and survival of the restorations were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier graphs. The log-rank test compared the curves. Differences in restorative clinical time were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The level of significance was 5%. After one year, 115 restorations were evaluated. The success probability was 88.7% for Filtek Z350 XT and 85.9% for FiltekTM Bulk-fill, and for the survival probability, Filtek Z350 XT presented 90%, and FiltekTM Bulk-fill presented 93.7%. No significant difference was found between the success and survival curves (p=0.62), (p=0.51). The main reason for failure was marginal adaptation.Bulk-fillresinrequired 30% less time than the conventional resin (p<0.001).Bulk-fillresin presented similar clinical performance to the conventional resin and required less restorative clinical time. It is an option to restore class II lesions of primary molars.

Resumo Este ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego objetivou comparar a performance clínica e tempo clínico para restaurar cavidades ocluso-proximais em molares decíduos, restauradas com resina bulk-fill e resina convencional. Um total de 140 restaurações classe II em molares decíduos de 65 participantes (média de idade 6.7 + 1.5) foram realizadas dividas em dois grupos randomizados: resina bulk-fill e resina convencional. As restaurações foram avaliadas conforme o critério da FDI no baseline, após 6 meses e 1 ano, por um único examinador calibrado e o tempo clínico restaurador foi mensurado por um cronômetro digital. O sucesso e a sobrevida das restaurações foram avaliados através dos gráficos de Kaplan-Meier. O teste de log-rank comparou as curvas. A diferença no tempo clínico restaurador foi comparada usando o teste U de Mann-Whitney. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Após 1 ano, 115 restaurações foram avaliadas. A probabilidade de sucesso foi de 88,7% para Filtek Z350 XT e 85.9% para FiltekTM Bulk-fill e quanto a probabilidade de sobrevivência, Filtek Z350 XT apresentou 90% e FiltekTM Bulk-fill apresentou 93,7%. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre as curvas de sucesso e sobrevida (p=0,62), (p=0,51). A principal causa de falha foi a adaptação marginal. A resina bulk-fill exigiu 30% menos tempo do que a resina convencional (p<0,001). A resina bulk-fill apresentou desempenho clínico semelhante ao da resina convencional e necessitou menor tempo clínico restaurador. Dessa forma, é uma opção para restaurar lesões classe II em molares decíduos.

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Early childhood caries (ECC) are an oral health problem worldwide in children under 6 years of age. This disease of rapid development has a multifactorial etiology, and one of the possible risk factors is developmental defects of enamel (DDE), such as hypoplasia and opacities. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between DDE and ECC in children under 6 years of age. An electronic search was conducted until March 2022 using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Science-Direct, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO-Host, EMBASE, and Google Scholar and complemented with a manual search, with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Longitudinal studies of children under 6 years of age with primary dentition were included. A total of 1158 studies were found, of which 651 records were reviewed by title and abstract, and 24 articles were selected for full-text evaluation. Finally, nine studies that met the selection criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Study quality and certainty were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Three cohort studies of good quality were included in the meta-analysis. A risk associated with DDE (RR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.52-2.49) and a risk associated with enamel hypoplasia (RR = 5.45; 95% CI: 1.84-16.14) were found. The results for diffuse opacity (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.18-8.15) and demarcated opacity (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.43-3.65) were not significant. GRADE analysis presented low and very low certainty of evidence. It was concluded that there is an association between DDE and ECC. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the study. The protocol for this study has been registered in PROSPERO under identification number CRD42021238919.

RESUMO

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the association between the severity of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM), molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in children. 450 children between the ages of 6 and 7 years were included in this cross-sectional study. A calibrated examiner classified the enamel hypomineralizations and dental caries lesions using the MIH and HSPM and the Nyvad criteria, respectively. The primary outcome was the severity of MIH according to the severity of HSPM. Statistical analysis was performed using the generalized linear model and ordinal logistic regression. The prevalence of concomitant MIH and HSPM was 26% sex and age adjusted. Mild enamel defects were more frequent than severe enamel defects. An association was found between the severity of MIH and HSPM, both for mild defects (OR=87.54; 95%CI: 55.87, 137.17) and severe defects (OR=82.15; 95%CI: 45.72, 147.61). The severity of hypomineralization in permanent molars was associated with the activity of dental caries lesions (OR=29.85; 95%CI: 12.95, 68.83). To conclude, there is a strong association between the severity of HSPM and MIH, which is more significant in the presence of active dental caries lesions.

Resumo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a severidade da Hipomineralização de Segundos Molares decíduos (HSMD), da Hipomineralização de Molares e Incisivos (HMI) e cárie dentária em crianças. Neste estudo transversal foram incluídas 450 crianças entre 6 e 7 anos de idade. Um examinador calibrado classificou as hipomineralizações e lesões de cárie dentária utilizando o índice da HMI/HMD e o critério Nyvad, respectivamente. O desfecho primário foi a severidade da HMI de acordo com a severidade da HSMD. As análises estatísticas foram realizas usando o modelo linear generalizado e regressão logística ordinal. A prevalencia concomitante da HMI e HMSD foi de 26 % ajustada por sexo e idade. Defeitos leves foram mais frequentes que os defeitos severos. Foi encontrada a associação entre a severidade da HMI e da HSMD para defeitos leves (OR=87.54; IC95%: 55.87, 137.17) e severos (OR=82.15; IC95%: 45.72, 147.61). A severidade da hipomineralização em molares permamentes foi associada a atividade da lesão de cárie dentária (OR=29.85; IC95%: 12.95, 68.83). Conclui-se que existe uma forte associação entre a severidade da HSMD e da HMI, a qual foi mais significante na presença lesões ativas de cárie.