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Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for perinatal brain damage frequently produce brain injuries in preterm and term infants. The early diagnosis and treatment of these infants, in the period of higher brain plasticity, may prevent the neurological and cognitive sequels that accompany these lesions. The Neurodevelopmental Research Unit at the Institute of Neurobiology of the National Autonomous University of Mexico has taken this endeavor. A multidisciplinary approach is followed. Pediatric, neurologic and rehabilitation clinical studies, MRI, EEG, visual and auditory evoked responses, and Bayley II evaluations are carried out initially. Infants are followed up to 8 years, with periodic appointments for evaluation and treatment. Katona's neurohabilitation method is used for initial diagnosis and treatment. Selective visual and auditory attention are explored from 3 months of age. This method was created in the Unit and, if deficiencies are observed, the method also describes the treatment to avoid subsequent alterations of these processes. Deficiencies in the acquisition of language are evaluated from 4 months of age, implementing treatment through instructions to parents on how they should teach their children to speak. This method has also been developed in the Unit and is in its validation process. In the MRI, we pay special attention to subtle and diffuse patterns, due to the high frequency with which they appear in contemporary cohorts at a national and international level. More than 80% of these infants showed abnormal MRI findings that should be taken into consideration. The outcome of children at 8 years old showed that 78%, 76% and 78% of extremely preterm, very preterm and late preterm, respectively, had a normal neurodevelopment. In term infants, only 69% had a normal neurodevelopment; in this group, the majority of infants had very severe brain lesions. Conclusions: It is necessary to evaluate, at an early age, all newborns with prenatal and perinatal risk factors for brain damage. Special attention should be payed to all premature newborns and those newborns who have been discharged from the intensive care unit.

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Environmental factors are at least as important as genetic factors for the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), but the identification of such factors remain a research priority. Our study aimed to investigate the association between a broad scope of potential risk factors and OCS in a large community cohort of children and adolescents. We evaluated 1877 participants and their caregivers at baseline and after 3 years to assess various demographic, prenatal, perinatal, childhood adversity, and psychopathological factors. Mean age at baseline was 10.2 years (SD 1.9) and mean age at follow-up was 13.4 years (SD 1.9). Reports of OCS at baseline and follow-up were analyzed using latent variable models. At preliminary regression analysis, 15 parameters were significantly associated with higher OCS scores at follow-up. At subsequent regression analysis, we found that eight of these parameters remained significantly associated with higher follow-up OCS scores while being controlled by each other and by baseline OCS scores. The significant predictors of follow-up OCS were: lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.033); lower intelligence quotient (p = 0.013); lower age (p < 0.001); higher maternal stress level during pregnancy (p = 0.028); absence of breastfeeding (p = 0.017); parental baseline OCS (p = 0.038); youth baseline anxiety disorder (p = 0.023); and youth baseline OCS scores (p < 0.001). These findings may better inform clinicians and policymakers engaged in the mental health assessment and prevention in children and adolescents.

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Objectives Although maternal attachment is an important predictor of infant developmental outcomes, little is known about its pre- and postnatal predictors. The purpose of this secondary data analysis is to assess several risk factors for maternal attachment at 6 months postpartum in a sample of Mexican women at risk of depression. The predictors included were prenatal depressive symptoms, pregnancy intendedness, partner relationship, social support, maternal history of childhood sexual abuse, and postpartum depressive symptoms. Methods A total of 156 pregnant women seeking antenatal care at three health centers were selected because they displayed depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) or had previously suffered depression. Women were interviewed during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A step-wise multivariate logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the pre- and postpartum risk factors for postpartum depression related to low maternal attachment. Results Pre- and postpartum depressive symptoms increased the risk of low maternal attachment by factors of 3.00 and 3.97, respectively, compared with women who did not present these symptoms; low level of adjustment with the partner increased the risk by a factor of 3.11, low social support by a factor of 2.90, and CSA by a factor of 2.77. Conclusions for practice Prevention programs during pregnancy to reduce depressive symptoms should strengthen strategies to promote maternal attachment by improving partner relations and increasing social support. However, evidence shows that such programs alone are insufficient, so direct interventions should also be implemented. Women with a history of childhood sexual abuse should be given additional attention during prenatal care.

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La evaluación del riesgo reproductivo a nivel comunitario incluye el diagnóstico de las condiciones que significan un peligro potencial para el desarrollo saludable de la gestación y el niño. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la pesquisa de los riesgos preconcepcional y prenatal en mujeres en edad fértil y gestantes, respectivamente, residentes en la provincia de Las Tunas. Se revisaron los registros y reportes estadísticos del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica correspondientes a los años 2007 y 2008 para tomar el universo de mujeres a evaluar y las estudiadas, con lo que se calculó la cobertura de ambos programas. Se determinaron las frecuencias relacionadas con los riesgos por cada condición de riesgo: cromosomopatías, hemoglobinopatías, malformaciones congénitas, teratogenicidad y otras afecciones hereditarias. El 55,0 por ciento de las mujeres evaluadas durante el último año y el 79,3 por ciento en el 2007 fue clasificada con algún riesgo preconcepcional, con un predominio de las cromosomopatías como criterio más frecuente de riesgo. El 40,7 por ciento de las 5 746 gestantes atendidas en el 2008 fue considerada con riesgos prenatales, por debajo del 49,2 por ciento en el año precedente. El riesgo por cromosomopatía fue el predominante en la evaluación prenatal, presente en 62,1 por ciento y 71,3 por ciento de las gestantes en el 2007 y el 2008, respectivamente, a expensas del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se requiere de criterios uniformes para la evaluación del riesgo genético en las mujeres, a las que se les ofrece un seguimiento especializado por los servicios comunitarios de Genética e interconsultas con otras especialidades (AU)

The assessment of reproductive risk at community level includes the diagnosis of conditions that are a potential risk for the healthy development of pregnancy and the baby. In the present paper the results of a screening of the pre-conception and prenatal risks in women of fertile age and pregnants, respectively, resident of the Las Tunas provinceare shown. The authors analyzed the registries and statistical reports from the Provincial Central of Medical Genetic corresponding to years 2007 and 2008 in order to include both the universe of women assessed and studied, estimating the coverage of both programs. The frequencies related to each risk condition, e.g. chromosomal diseases, hemoglobinopathies, birth defects, theratogenicity and other hereditary affections were al determined. 55.0 percent of women assessed during the last year and 79.3 percent in 2007 were classified with some pre-conception risk with a predominance of chromosomal diseases as the most frequent criterion of risk. The 40.7 percent of the 5 746 pregnants seen in 2008 was considered in prenatal risks, a figure under the 49.2 percent in the previous year. The risk of chromosomal disease was predominant in the prenatal assessment, present in the 62.1 percent and the 71.3 percent of pregnants in 2007 and 2008, respectively, at the expense of the pregnant during adolescence. It is necessary the presence of uniform criteria to assess the genetic risk in women who receive a specialized follow-up by Genetics community services and inter-consultation with other specialties (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

La evaluación del riesgo reproductivo a nivel comunitario incluye el diagnóstico de las condiciones que significan un peligro potencial para el desarrollo saludable de la gestación y el niño. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la pesquisa de los riesgos preconcepcional y prenatal en mujeres en edad fértil y gestantes, respectivamente, residentes en la provincia de Las Tunas. Se revisaron los registros y reportes estadísticos del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica correspondientes a los años 2007 y 2008 para tomar el universo de mujeres a evaluar y las estudiadas, con lo que se calculó la cobertura de ambos programas. Se determinaron las frecuencias relacionadas con los riesgos por cada condición de riesgo: cromosomopatías, hemoglobinopatías, malformaciones congénitas, teratogenicidad y otras afecciones hereditarias. El 55,0 por ciento de las mujeres evaluadas durante el último año y el 79,3 por ciento en el 2007 fue clasificada con algún riesgo preconcepcional, con un predominio de las cromosomopatías como criterio más frecuente de riesgo. El 40,7 por ciento de las 5 746 gestantes atendidas en el 2008 fue considerada con riesgos prenatales, por debajo del 49,2 por ciento en el año precedente. El riesgo por cromosomopatía fue el predominante en la evaluación prenatal, presente en 62,1 por ciento y 71,3 por ciento de las gestantes en el 2007 y el 2008, respectivamente, a expensas del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se requiere de criterios uniformes para la evaluación del riesgo genético en las mujeres, a las que se les ofrece un seguimiento especializado por los servicios comunitarios de Genética e interconsultas con otras especialidades (AU)

The assessment of reproductive risk at community level includes the diagnosis of conditions that are a potential risk for the healthy development of pregnancy and the baby. In the present paper the results of a screening of the pre-conception and prenatal risks in women of fertile age and pregnants, respectively, resident of the Las Tunas provinceare shown. The authors analyzed the registries and statistical reports from the Provincial Central of Medical Genetic corresponding to years 2007 and 2008 in order to include both the universe of women assessed and studied, estimating the coverage of both programs. The frequencies related to each risk condition, e.g. chromosomal diseases, hemoglobinopathies, birth defects, theratogenicity and other hereditary affections were al determined. 55.0 percent of women assessed during the last year and 79.3 percent in 2007 were classified with some pre-conception risk with a predominance of chromosomal diseases as the most frequent criterion of risk. The 40,7 percent of the 5 746 pregnants seen in 2008 was considered in prenatal risks, a figure under the 49,2 percent in the previous year. The risk of chromosomal disease was predominant in the prenatal assessment, present in the 62,1 percent and the 71,3 percent of pregnants in 2007 and 2008, respectively, at the expense of the pregnant during adolescence. It is necessary the presence of uniform criteria to assess the genetic risk in women who receive a specialized follow-up by Genetics community services and inter-consultation with other specialties (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

La evaluación del riesgo reproductivo a nivel comunitario incluye el diagnóstico de las condiciones que significan un peligro potencial para el desarrollo saludable de la gestación y el niño. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de la pesquisa de los riesgos preconcepcional y prenatal en mujeres en edad fértil y gestantes, respectivamente, residentes en la provincia de Las Tunas. Se revisaron los registros y reportes estadísticos del Centro Provincial de Genética Médica correspondientes a los años 2007 y 2008 para tomar el universo de mujeres a evaluar y las estudiadas, con lo que se calculó la cobertura de ambos programas. Se determinaron las frecuencias relacionadas con los riesgos por cada condición de riesgo: cromosomopatías, hemoglobinopatías, malformaciones congénitas, teratogenicidad y otras afecciones hereditarias. El 55,0 por ciento de las mujeres evaluadas durante el último año y el 79,3 por ciento en el 2007 fue clasificada con algún riesgo preconcepcional, con un predominio de las cromosomopatías como criterio más frecuente de riesgo. El 40,7 por ciento de las 5 746 gestantes atendidas en el 2008 fue considerada con riesgos prenatales, por debajo del 49,2 por ciento en el año precedente. El riesgo por cromosomopatía fue el predominante en la evaluación prenatal, presente en 62,1 por ciento y 71,3 por ciento de las gestantes en el 2007 y el 2008, respectivamente, a expensas del embarazo en la adolescencia. Se requiere de criterios uniformes para la evaluación del riesgo genético en las mujeres, a las que se les ofrece un seguimiento especializado por los servicios comunitarios de Genética e interconsultas con otras especialidades

The assessment of reproductive risk at community level includes the diagnosis of conditions that are a potential risk for the healthy development of pregnancy and the baby. In the present paper the results of a screening of the pre-conception and prenatal risks in women of fertile age and pregnants, respectively, resident of the Las Tunas provinceare shown. The authors analyzed the registries and statistical reports from the Provincial Central of Medical Genetic corresponding to years 2007 and 2008 in order to include both the universe of women assessed and studied, estimating the coverage of both programs. The frequencies related to each risk condition, e.g. chromosomal diseases, hemoglobinopathies, birth defects, theratogenicity and other hereditary affections were al determined. 55.0 percent of women assessed during the last year and 79.3 percent in 2007 were classified with some pre-conception risk with a predominance of chromosomal diseases as the most frequent criterion of risk. The 40,7 percent of the 5 746 pregnants seen in 2008 was considered in prenatal risks, a figure under the 49,2 percent in the previous year. The risk of chromosomal disease was predominant in the prenatal assessment, present in the 62,1 percent and the 71,3 percent of pregnants in 2007 and 2008, respectively, at the expense of the pregnant during adolescence. It is necessary the presence of uniform criteria to assess the genetic risk in women who receive a specialized follow-up by Genetics community services and inter-consultation with other specialties

Assuntos