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El adenocarcinoma de próstata es considerado una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en hombres mayores de 60 años, y su metástasis ósea constituye una de las complicaciones de peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Estimar los factores pronósticos de metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico de 73 pacientes con cáncer de próstata, asistidos en el Hospital Oncológico Conrado Benítez de Santiago de Cuba en el período 2018-2022. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, color de la piel, manifestaciones clínicas, tiempo de aparición de la metástasis ósea, grado de diferenciación celular, nivel de antígeno prostático específico y diagnóstico imagenológico. Resultados: En la serie predominó el grupo etario de 60-69 años (50,7 %) y el promedio de edad fue de 67 años; asimismo, prevalecieron los pacientes de piel negra, el dolor óseo como síntoma más frecuente y el diagnóstico imagenológico de metástasis ósea por tomografía axial computarizada (48,0 %). Se observó un aumento proporcional de los valores del antígeno prostático específico y de la puntuación de Gleason en relación con la aparición de metástasis. Conclusiones: Los factores pronósticos que permiten estimar la presencia de metástasis ósea en pacientes con cáncer de próstata son la edad avanzada, el color negro de la piel y los valores de antígeno prostático específico por encima de 20 ng/mL.
Prostate adenocarcinoma is considered one of the most frequent neoplasms in men over 60 years, and bone metastasis constitutes one of the complications with the worst prognosis. Objective: Estimate the predictive factors for bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: An analytic study of 73 patients with prostate cancer was carried out. They were assisted at Conrado Benítez Cancer Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2018-2022. The variables analyzed included: age, skin color, clinical manifestations, onset time of bone metastasis, degree of cellular differentiation, prostate-specific antigen level and imaging diagnosis. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 60-69 age group (50.7%) and the average age was 67 years; also, dark skinned patients, bone pain as more frequent symptom and imaging diagnosis of bone metastasis by computerized axial tomography prevailed (48.0%). A proportional increase of prostate-specific antigen values and Gleason punctuation was observed in relation to the metastasis onset. Conclusions: The predictive factors for estimating the presence of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer are the advanced age, black skin color and prostate-specific antigen values above 20 ng/mL.
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Metástase NeoplásicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) may be involved by papillary thyroid carcinoma ≤ 1 centimeter (PTC ≤ 1 cm). Current study investigated the predictive factors of RLN invasion in PTC ≤ 1 cm, the risk factors of disease recurrence in RLN invaded cases and the results of surgical management for RLN invasion. Materials and methods: Data of 374 PTC ≤ 1 cm patients were retrospectively collected. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify predictive factors of RLN invasion and risk factors of disease recurrence. The abilities of factors in predicting RLN invasion were evaluated. Surgical outcomes and recurrence free survival (RFS) of patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 patients suffered RLN invasion, among which seven had disease recurrence. Preoperative vocal cord palsy (VCP), gross extrathyroidal extension, larger tumor size and tumor on the dorsal side of thyroid were verified as predictive factors of RLN invasion. RLN involved patients had poorer RFS, but better than those who also had upper-aerodigestive tract invasion. Upper-aerodigestive tract invasion, lateral neck lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) and BRAF V600E mutation were independent risk factors of disease recurrence in RLN invaded cases. Tumor shaving showed better RLN function preservation without increasing recurrent risk. Conclusions: Current study confirmed the rarity of RLN invasion in PTC ≤ 1 cm. Various aggressive features were verified as predictive factors of RLN invasion. Tumor shaving showed superiority in preserving nerve function without increasing recurrent risk. Special attentions should be paid for disease recurrence when RLN invasion accompanied by upper-aerodigestive tract invasion, lateral neck LNM or BRAF V600E mutation.
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BACKGROUND: In recent decades, considerable advances have been made in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (IS) and its prevention. However, even after treatment, approximately two-thirds of patients with IS have some degree of disability that requires rehabilitation, along with an increased possibility of developing psychiatric disorders, particularly depression. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of post-stroke depression in a 6-month period in patients with IS. METHOD: Ninety-seven patients with IS without previous depression were included in the study. The study protocol was applied during hospitalization and at 30, 90, and 180 days after hospital discharge. A binary logistic regression was then used. Age, sex, marital status, occupation, education, thrombolysis, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, Barthel index, and Mini-Mental State Examination score were included as independent variables. RESULTS: Of the 97 patients, 24% of patients developed post-stroke depression. In the longitudinal follow-up, an mRS score of > 0 was the lone significant predictor of depression development (odds ratio = 5.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.25-23.12; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that in patients without previous depression, functional impairment of any degree has a 5-fold greater chance of leading to depression development in the first 6 months post-stroke as compared to that in patients without functional impairment.
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Objective: The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) may be involved by papillary thyroid carcinoma ≤ 1 centimeter (PTC ≤ 1 cm). Current study investigated the predictive factors of RLN invasion in PTC ≤ 1 cm, the risk factors of disease recurrence in RLN invaded cases and the results of surgical management for RLN invasion. Materials and methods: Data of 374 PTC ≤ 1 cm patients were retrospectively collected. We performed univariate and multivariate analysis to identify predictive factors of RLN invasion and risk factors of disease recurrence. The abilities of factors in predicting RLN invasion were evaluated. Surgical outcomes and recurrence free survival (RFS) of patients were analyzed. Results: A total of 28 patients suffered RLN invasion, among which seven had disease recurrence. Preoperative vocal cord palsy (VCP), gross extrathyroidal extension, larger tumor size and tumor on the dorsal side of thyroid were verified as predictive factors of RLN invasion. RLN involved patients had poorer RFS, but better than those who also had upper-aerodigestive tract invasion. Upper-aerodigestive tract invasion, lateral neck lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) and BRAF V600E mutation were independent risk factors of disease recurrence in RLN invaded cases. Tumor shaving showed better RLN function preservation without increasing recurrent risk. Conclusion: Current study confirmed the rarity of RLN invasion in PTC ≤ 1 cm. Various aggressive features were verified as predictive factors of RLN invasion. Tumor shaving showed superiority in preserving nerve function without increasing recurrent risk. Special attentions should be paid for disease recurrence when RLN invasion accompanied by upper-aerodigestive tract invasion, lateral neck LNM or BRAF V600E mutation.
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Carcinoma Papilar , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Câncer Papilífero da Tireoide/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/cirurgia , Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/patologia , Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversos , Metástase Linfática , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Fatores de Risco , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: One of the functions of vitamin D is to regulate respiratory epithelium inflammatory response; therefore, deficiency of this vitamin in the context of COVID-19 could constitute a predictive biomarker of the disease outcome. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of vitamin D for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Observational, retrospective study in which 154 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included, out of whom 111 survived and 43 died. Vitamin D concentration was determined in all of them. RESULTS: A log-rank p-value < 0.032 was obtained for survival when vitamin D concentration was used as a categorical variable (≤ 20 ng/mL and > 20 ng/mL). On Cox proportional analysis, age and vitamin D concentration were shown to be risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 (age: HR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.016-1.058, p < 0.001; vitamin D: HR (≤ 20 ng/mL and > 20 ng/mL) = 0.478, 95% CI = 0.237-0.966, p < 0.040). CONCLUSION: Age and vitamin D concentration were predictive factors for mortality in COVID-19-infected patients.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Una de las funciones de la vitamina D es regular la respuesta inflamatoria del epitelio respiratorio; por ello, la deficiencia de esa vitamina en el contexto de COVID-19 podría constituir un biomarcador preditivo del desenlace de COVID-19. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la utilidad de la vitamina D para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 154 pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19, de los cuales 111 sobrevivieron y 43 fallecieron. En todos se determinó la concentración de vitamina D. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un valor log-rank de p < 0.032 para la supervivencia al utilizar la concentración de vitamina D como variable categórica (≤ 20 ng/mL y > 20 ng/mL). Mediante análisis proporcional de Cox se encontró que la edad y concentración de vitamina D mostraron ser factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 (edad: HR = 1.036, IC 95 % = 1.016-1.058, p < 0.001; vitamina D: HR ≤ 20 ng/mL y > 20 ng/mL = 0.478, IC 95 % = 0.237-0.966, p < 0.040). CONCLUSIÓN: La edad y la concentración de vitamina D constituyeron factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes infectados por COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Deficiência de Vitamina D , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vitamina D , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , VitaminasRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Una de las funciones de la vitamina D es regular la respuesta inflamatoria del epitelio respiratorio; por ello, la deficiencia de esa vitamina en el contexto de COVID-19 podría constituir un biomarcador preditivo del desenlace de COVID-19. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de la vitamina D para predecir la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 154 pacientes con diagnóstico de COVID-19, de los cuales 111 sobrevivieron y 43 fallecieron. En todos se determinó la concentración de vitamina D. Resultados: Se obtuvo un valor log-rank de p < 0.032 para la supervivencia al utilizar la concentración de vitamina D como variable categórica (≤ 20 ng/mL y > 20 ng/mL). Mediante análisis proporcional de Cox se encontró que la edad y concentración de vitamina D mostraron ser factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad en pacientes con COVID-19 (edad: HR = 1.036, IC 95 % = 1.016-1.058, p < 0.001; vitamina D: HR ≤ 20 ng/mL y > 20 ng/mL = 0.478, IC 95 % = 0.237-0.966, p < 0.040). Conclusión: La edad y la concentración de vitamina D constituyeron factores predictivos de mortalidad en pacientes infectados por COVID-19.
Abstract Introduction: One of the functions of vitamin D is to regulate respiratory epithelium inflammatory response; therefore, deficiency of this vitamin in the context of COVID-19 could constitute a predictive biomarker of the disease outcome. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of vitamin D for predicting mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Observational, retrospective study in which 154 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included, out of whom 111 survived and 43 died. Vitamin D concentration was determined in all of them. Results: A log-rank p-value < 0.032 was obtained for survival when vitamin D concentration was used as a categorical variable (≤ 20 ng/mL and > 20 ng/mL). On Cox proportional analysis, age and vitamin D concentration were shown to be risk factors associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 (age: HR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.016-1.058, p < 0.001; vitamin D: HR [≤ 20 ng/mL and > 20 ng/mL] = 0.478, 95% CI = 0.237-0.966, p < 0.040). Conclusion: Age and vitamin D concentration were predictive factors for mortality in COVID-19-infected patients.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer according to the stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as well as the evaluation of overall and disease-free survival according to TILs. METHODS: A six years (2008-2013) review was done including patients with locally advanced breast cancer that received neoadjuvant therapy and then surgery. An evaluation of the percentage of TILs was done in the pretreatment biopsies and a correlation analysis and survival curves were done. RESULTS: 187 patients were evaluated. The pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with TILs ≥30% was 58.5%, and in patients with TILsâ¯<â¯30% was 11% (p <0.001). An Odds Ratio of 8.85 was obtained in patients with TILs ≥30% to achieve a pCR. This relationship was seen in patients with HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes. No correlation between TILs and survival was obtained (OS: log-rank; p = 0.834; DFS: log-rank; p = 0.937). CONCLUSIONS: The study of TILs is important because they represent an additional tool to predict the response to neoadjuvant treatment mostly in HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes of breast cancer.
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Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/patologia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Mastectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, despite the scientific efforts to provide a molecular classification to improve CRC clinical practice management, prognosis and therapeutic decision are still strongly dependent on the TNM staging system. Mismatch repair system deficiencies can occur in many organs, but it is mainly a hallmark of CRC influencing clinical outcomes and response to therapy. This review will discuss the effect of the modulation of other DNA repair pathways (direct, excision and double strand break repairs) in the clinical and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer and its potential as prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Reparo do DNA/fisiologia , Animais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo/genética , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Reparo de Erro de Pareamento de DNA/genética , Humanos , PrognósticoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Thrombosis is a vascular disorder of the liver often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cirrhosis is a predisposing factor for portal venous system thrombosis. The aim of this study is to determine differences between cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics that develop thrombosis in portal venous system and to evaluate if cirrhosis severity is related to the development of portal venous system thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied patients diagnosed with portal venous system thrombosis using contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan and doppler ultrasound at Medica Sur Hospital from 2012 to 2017. They were categorized into two groups; cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics. We assessed the hepatic function by Child-Pugh score and model for end-stage liver disease. RESULTS: 67 patients with portal venous system thrombosis (25 with non-cirrhotic liver and 42 with cirrhosis) were included. The mean age (± SD) was 65 ± 9.5 years in cirrhotic group and 57 ± 13.2 years (p = 0.009) in non-cirrhotic group. Comparing non-cirrhotics and cirrhotics, 8 non-cirrhotic patients showed evidence of extra-hepatic inflammatory conditions, while in the cirrhotic group no inflammatory conditions were found (p < 0.001). 27 (64.29%) cirrhotic patients had thrombosis in the portal vein, while only 9 cases (36%) were found in non-cirrhotics (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In cirrhotic patients, hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis were the strongest risk factors to develop portal venous system thrombosis. In contrast, extrahepatic inflammatory conditions were main risk factors associated in non-cirrhotics. Moreover, the portal vein was the most frequent site of thrombosis in both groups.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Veia Porta , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Flebografia/métodos , Veia Porta/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia Doppler , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Introducción La estimación de la prevalencia de tumores mamarios multicéntricos y multifocales es muy variable según los distintos estudios analizados. Esto se debe, en gran parte, a la falta de consistencia al momento de definir ambas formas de presentación. Por este motivo, muchos autores hacen referencia a este tipo de tumor como carcinoma mamario múltiple. El tnm, uicc-ajcc (7ma edición) define a esta forma de presentación como múltiples lesiones de carcinoma mamario presentes en la misma mama de manera sincrónica. Según el Colegio Americano de Patólogos (cap), la caracterización biológica de la lesión de mayor tamaño tumoral es suficiente, salvo que se presenten discordancias entre los tipos histológicos o grados tumorales. A pesar de que la estrategia de evaluar una única lesión en este aspecto tiene claras ventajas en costos y viabilidad, el cáncer de mama es considerado en sí mismo una enfermedad heterogénea, y, al seguir las recomendaciones anteriormente expresadas, se estaría asumiendo que estos tipos de tumores múltiples tienen un comportamiento biológico homogéneo. Por tal motivo, en el presente estudio se analiza el comportamiento biológico (re, rp, her2 y Ki-67) en cada foco tumoral presente, para poder establecer si, al seguir las recomendaciones vigentes actualmente, no estaríamos subtratando a un grupo de nuestras pacientes. Objetivos Evaluar la concordancia en los perfiles inmunohistoquímicos de cada tumor presente de manera sincrónica en la mama. Establecer la asociación entre los tamaños, los tipos histológicos y el grado tumoral. Material y método Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo en pacientes con diagnóstico y confirmación por estudio histopatológico de pieza quirúrgica de carcinoma mamario multifocal o multicéntrico. De un total de 722 pacientes, se obtuvieron datos de 45 historias clínicas, en un período comprendido, entre marzo de 2015 y septiembre de 2016 (18 meses). Las pacientes analizadas fueron diagnosticadas y tratadas en la Unidad de Mastología de la Clínica Breast y el Hospital Italiano de la Ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Los resultados histopatológicos e Inmunohistoquímicos (ihq) se obtuvieron de los patólogos pertenecientes a nuestro centro mastológico. El perfil ihq se realizó en tejido tumoral obtenido mediante biopsia con aguja gruesa o pieza quirúrgica. Se determinó: Receptores Hormonales para Estrógeno (re) y Progesterona (rp), her2 y Ki-67. Resultados ⢠Se observó una incidencia de 6,23% de tumores multicéntricos, multifocales. ⢠En cuanto al tipo histológico, la correlación entre biopsia con aguja gruesa y análisis de pieza quirúrgica fue del 100% (n:45 pacientes). ⢠Grado histológico tumoral en los distintos focos: 84% (n=38) de concordancia y 16% (n=7) de discordancia. ⢠Variabilidad de subtipos tumorales en cada foco: el 67% (n=30) no presentó discordancias. ⢠Perfil inmunohistoquímico (ihq): el porcentaje de pacientes con concordancia en el perfil inmunohistoquímico y el subtipo tumoral fue superior al grupo de pacientes que presentaron discordancias. En el grupo de pacientes con discordancias, un 20% sobreexpresó el marcador her2. Conclusiones Teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad tanto intratumoral como entre los distintos focos que se presenta en estos tumores múltiples, es importante obtener la mayor información posible sobre la morfología y el perfil inmunohistoquímico.
Estimates of the prevalence of multicentric and multifocal breast tumors is highly variable depending on the different studies analyzed, and this is due largely to the lack of consistency when defining both forms of presentation. For this reason, many authors refer to this type of tumor as multiple breast carcinoma. The tnm (7th edition) defines this presentation as multiple lesions of breast carcinoma present in the same breast synchronously. According to the College of American Pathologists (cap), biological characterization of the lesion of the largest tumor is sufficient, unless discrepancies between the histological tumor types or degrees are presented. Although the strategy of evaluating a single lesion in this regard, has clear advantages in cost and viability, breast cancer is considered itself an heterogeneous disease, and following the recommendations previously expressed, it would be assuming that these type of multiple tumors have a homogeneous biological behavior. Therefore, in this study the biological behavior (er, pr, her2 and Ki-67) is analyzed in each tumor focus, to determine whether to follow the recommendations currently in force, we would not be sub-treatment a group of our patients.
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Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama , Imuno-Histoquímica , Biomarcadores Tumorais , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Drowning represents one major cause of accidental death. Near-drowning patients are exposed to aspiration that may result in pneumonia with life-threatening consequences. We designed this descriptive study to investigate the frequency, nature, and consequences of post-drowning pneumonia. One hundred and forty-four near-drowning patients (33 children and 111 adults) admitted during four years to the University Hospital of Martinique, French Indies, were included. Patients presented pre-hospital cardiac arrest (41%) and exhibited acute respiratory failure (54%), cardiovascular failure (27%), and lactic acidosis (75%) on admission. Empirical antibiotics, as decided by the physicians in charge, were administered in 85 patients (59%). Post-drowning early onset bacterial pneumonia was diagnosed as "possible" in 13 patients (9%) and "confirmed" in 22 patients (15%). Tracheal aspiration revealed the presence of polymorphous pharyngeal flora (59%) or one predominant bacteria species (41%) including Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophilia, and Morganella morgani. Despite adequate supportive care, drowning resulted in 45 fatalities (31%). Early onset bacterial aspiration pneumonia (either possible or confirmed) did not significantly influence the risk of death. In conclusion, near-drowning-related bacterial aspiration pneumonia seems rare and does not influence the mortality rate. There is still a need for practice standardization to improve diagnosis of post-drowning pneumonia and near-drowning patient management.
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Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Afogamento Iminente/complicações , Pneumonia Aspirativa/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia Aspirativa/etiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Martinica/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Afogamento Iminente/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Aspirativa/mortalidade , Índias Ocidentais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Early molecular response (MR) defined by BCR-ABL(IS) levels has prognostic impact in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). MR was evaluated at 3 and 6 months after switching to nilotinib or dasatinib in 115 patients with resistance to imatinib. Three groups were delineated at 3 months (< 1%, 1-10% or > 10% BCR-ABL(IS) levels) with different outcomes at 3 years regarding major molecular response (MMR, 91%, 47%, 22%, p < 0.001), failure-free survival (FFS), progression-free survival (PFS, 96%, 89% and 78%, p = 0.05) and overall survival (OS). After 6 months, patients with MR < 1% had higher 3-year MMR (83% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), FFS, PFS (94% vs. 84%, p = 0.05) and OS. Four patients had 3-month and 6-month MR > 10% and < 1%, respectively (3-year FFS 50%). Thirteen had 3-month and 6-month MR < 10% and ≥ 1%, respectively (3-year FFS 38%). These findings confirm the strong predictive value of 3-month and 6-month BCR-ABL(IS) levels in imatinib-resistant patients.
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Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/antagonistas & inibidores , Mesilato de Imatinib/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Dasatinibe/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate and compare detection of lymphatic and blood vessel invasion (LVI and BVI) by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in gastric cancer specimens, and to correlate with lymph node status. METHODS: IHC using D2-40 (a lymphatic endothelial marker) and CD34 (a pan-endothelial marker) was performed to study LVI and BVI in surgical specimens from a consecutive series of 95 primary gastric cancer cases. The results of the IHC study were compared with the detection by HE using McNemar test and kappa index. The morphologic features of the tumors and the presence of LVI and BVI were related to the presence of lymph node metastasis. A χ(2) test was performed to obtain associations between LVI and BVI and other prognostic factors for gastric cancer. RESULTS: The detection rate of LVI was considerably higher than that of BVI. The IHC study identified eight false-positive cases and 13 false-negative cases for LVI, and 24 false-positive cases and 10 false-negative cases for BVI. The average Kappa value determined was moderate for LVI (κ = 0.50) and low for BVI (κ = 0.20). Both LVI and BVI were statistically associated with the presence of lymph node metastasis (HE: P = 0.001, P = 0.013, and IHC: P = 0.001, P = 0.019). The morphologic features associated with LVI were location of the tumor in the distal third of the stomach (P = 0.039), Borrmann's macroscopic type (P = 0.001), organ invasion (P = 0.03) and the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.001). The presence of BVI was related only to the depth of tumor invasion (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic and blood vessels is useful for increasing the accuracy of the diagnosis of vessel invasion and for predicting lymph node metastasis.
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Técnicas de Preparação Histocitológica/métodos , Linfonodos/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/metabolismo , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismoRESUMO
The ankle is the joint most affected among the sports-related injuries. The current study investigated whether certain intrinsic factors could predict ankle sprains in active students. The 125 participants were submitted to a baseline assessment in a single session were then followed-up for 52 weeks regarding the occurrence of sprain. The baseline assessment were performed in both ankles and included the questionnaire Cumberland ankle instability tool - Portuguese, the foot lift test, dorsiflexion range of motion, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), the side recognition task, body mass index, and history of previous sprain. Two groups were used for analysis: one with those who suffered an ankle sprain and the other with those who did not suffer an ankle sprain. After Cox regression analysis, participants with history of previous sprain were twice as likely to suffer subsequent sprains [hazard ratio (HR) 2.21 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.57] and people with better performance on the SEBT in the postero-lateral (PL) direction were less likely to suffer a sprain (HR 0.96 and 95% CI 0.92-0.99). History of previous sprain was the strongest predictive factor and a weak performance on SEBT PL was also considered a predictive factor for ankle sprains.