RESUMO
The stomach contents of culicids from the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, were analyzed using the precipitin technique to evaluate the feeding patterns of the species. Sampling was performed from February 2012 to December 2013, using CO2-baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention traps to catch mosquitoes from 15 00 to 07 00 hours. The following antisera were used: bird, rodent, opossum, human, horse, capybara, lizard, and frog. Of the 325 adult bloodfed females caught and analyzed, 273 (84.0%) reacted in the precipitin test. The percentage of specimens with a positive reaction to a single antiserum included bird (39.2%), rodent (22.5%), opossum (13.2%), capybara (6.6%), horse (5.7%), frog (6.2%), human (4.0%), and lizard (2.6%). The specimens that reacted positively against more than one blood source (46) most frequently presented the following combinations: bird + rodent and bird + frog (17.4%), followed by bird + human (13.0%). The predominance of positive results for birds suggested that the avian-rich environment might have influenced the feeding behavior of the culicids.
Assuntos
Culicidae/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Cadeia Alimentar , Animais , Brasil , Dieta , Feminino , Vertebrados/fisiologiaRESUMO
Introduction The blood meal source of sandflies provides valuable information about the vector/host interaction and allows for an understanding of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) transmission mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify the blood meal sources of Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia in an endemic area of leishmaniasis in Brazil's State of Paraná using a precipitin test. Methods Sandflies were collected in the rural locality of Epitácio Pessoa within the City of Adrianópolis, State of Paraná, in southern Brazil. A total of 864 female sandflies were captured, and 862 (99.8%) were identified as L. intermedia species. However, two unidentified specimens were considered to be part of the genus Lutzomyia. Results Among the females examined, 396 specimens presented reactions to a certain type of tested antiserum, and most (67.9%) reacted to the simple type. These sandflies fed mainly on the blood of birds, opossums, and rodents, but specimens that fed on the blood of humans, dogs, horses, cattle, and cats were also found. Among the cross-reactions found (32.1%), bird/rodent, bird/opossum, bird/dog, bird/human, and horse/dog cross-reactions were the most common. Conclusions These results demonstrate a tendency in the eclectic feeding behavior of L. intermedia and support its potential role as a vector for ACL in the study area. .
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Bovinos , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Aves , Brasil , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Cavalos , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Leishmaniose Cutânea/transmissão , Gambás , Testes de Precipitina , Psychodidae/classificação , RoedoresRESUMO
O estudo dos hábitos alimentares e do conteúdo intestinal dos flebotomíneos permite a identificação dos hospedeiros, indicando os potenciais reservatórios das leishmanias. Este trabalho objetivou determinar a preferência alimentar de Lutzomyia longipalpis e sua relação com a transmissão da leishmaniose visceral. As capturas mensais foram realizadas em área de transmissão de leishmaniose visceral, município de Várzea Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso, no período de janeiro de 2004 a junho de 2006, utilizando-se armadilhas de luz CDC. Foram capturadas 2.376 fêmeas de Lutzomyia longipalpis, das quais 104 (4,4 por cento) estavam ingurgitadas, sendo 32 (30,8 por cento) capturadas no intradomicílio e 72 (69,2 por cento) no peridomicílio. Após reação de precipitina, observou-se que as fêmeas de Lutzomyia longipalpis alimentaram-se preferencialmente em aves (30,8 por cento) e roedores (21,2 por cento), mas também foram encontradas fêmeas alimentadas de sangue de humanos, gambás, bois, cavalos e cães, demonstrando o caráter oportunista da espécie.
Studies on the feeding habits and intestinal content of sandflies make it possible to identify hosts, thereby indicating potential reservoirs for Leishmania. The present study had the aim of determining the feeding preferences of Lutzomyia longipalpis and its relationship with the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis. Specimens were caught every month in a transmission area of visceral leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Várzea Grande, State of Mato Grosso, from January 2004 to June 2006, using CDC light traps. 2,376 females of Lutzomyia longipalpis were caught, of which 104 (4.4 percent) were engorged. Among these, 32 (30.8 percent) were caught inside homes and 72 (69.2 percent) in areas surrounding homes. From the precipitin reaction, it was observed that Lutzomyia longipalpis females fed preferentially on birds (30.8 percent) and rodents (21.2 percent), but they were also found to have fed on blood from humans, opossums, oxen, horses and dogs, thus demonstrating the opportunist nature of this species.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Psychodidae/fisiologia , Aves , Brasil , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Cavalos , Insetos Vetores/classificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/transmissão , Gambás , Testes de Precipitina , Psychodidae/classificação , RoedoresRESUMO
During the course of a study on the behaviour, of Stomoxys calcitrans a research on the feeding habits of this fly was carried out. A total of 27l4 flies were caught in three poultry ranches from Araucária, Paraná. The source of the flie's sucked blood has been established by precipitin test. . The results showed that although almost all the flies usually feed mammal blood, some of them gave positive precipitin test for birds blood. Although all flies were caught on poultry ranches, none had feed on chickens but 2,7 percent of the total had feed on ducks, 0.7 percent on geese and 0.37 percent on turkeys.
RESUMO
In paralel with several other epidemiologic and entomologic data of 19 Municipalities of Espírito Santo State, Brazil, the feeding pattern of 222 Triatoma vitticeps is studied through precipitin tests. Very high levels of natural infection with Trypanosoma cruzi are observed in adult insects, in contrast with the abscence or minimum degrees of infection among nymphs and human individuals. The precipitin tests showed the contact of the insects with multiple blood sources, chiefly human and birds, followed by rodents and marsupials. The data suggest that T. vitticeps in spite of being highly antropophilic, become infected by T. cruzi in sylvatic ambient and occasionally invade houses. The species doesn't seem to be - at least until now - a good vector in the domestic cycle of Chagas' disease. Several factors seem to be involved in this conclusion, mainly the low density of the insect in the houses, its hardness to coloniza them, its slowness concerning to suction and defecation and possibly its low susceptibility to different T. cruzi strains.