RESUMO
Several peptides found in hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, a property that indicates potential antihypertensive and health-promoting effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of extruded diets containing enzymatically hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal (HPM) on cat serum ACE activity and aldosterone (ALD) concentration, nutrient digestibility, and faecal characteristics. On the basis of a preliminary in vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay, a commercial HPM and a commercial conventional poultry byproduct meal (CPM) were selected for further investigation. Two isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets were formulated: CPM diet (25.7% CPM) and HPM diet (24.7% HPM). In trial 1, the effect of diet on serum ACE activity and ALD concentration was evaluated using 8 healthy cats (4 female and 4 male, 4.1 ± 0.38 kg BW) in a crossover design, with 5 d of adaptation and blood collection on d 6. In trial 2, apparent total tract digestibility and faecal characteristics were evaluated using 12 cats (6 female and 6 male, 4.0 ± 0.72 kg BW) in a completely randomised design. Serum ACE and ALD were analysed using a mixed model, with diet as the fixed effect and cat as the random effect. Data from trial 2 were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared by Tukey's test. In vitro ACE inhibitory activity of HPM (90.4%) was higher than that of CPM (52.0%). Cats fed the HPM diet tended to have lower serum ACE activity than those fed the CPM diet (126 versus 142 U/l, p = 0.09). Serum ALD was not influenced by diet. Diets had similar digestibility values, and faecal consistency scores tended to be higher (firmer faeces) in cats fed the CPM diet than in cats fed the HPM diet (4.6 versus 4.0, p = 0.09). Inclusion of HPM in extruded diets may reduce cat serum ACE activity and promote good faecal consistency without affecting digestibility. Further investigations are needed to explore the potential health benefits of HPM in hypertensive cats.
Assuntos
Aldosterona/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Gatos/fisiologia , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Produtos Avícolas/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Estudos Cross-Over , Dieta/veterinária , Enzimas/química , Fezes/química , Feminino , Hidrólise , Masculino , Distribuição AleatóriaRESUMO
Ideal protein (IP) concept in feed formulation is more suitable when alternative ingredients to corn (C) and soybean meal (SBM) are used. Thus, the objective of this paper was to compare diets using IP concept and poultry offal meal (POM) in substitution to SBM in broiler diets. The treatments were: T1= diets with 22% and 20 % crude protein (CP) in starting phase (SP) and growing phase (GP), respectively and 3200 kcal ME/kg all over the experiment; T2= similar energy to T1 and IP diet based on C and SBM (1.15% digestible lysine in SP and 0.90 % in GP); T3= similar diet to T2, with 20% and 25% of substitution of SBM by POM in SP and GP, respectively; T4= similar diet to T3, with 40 and 50 % of substitution of SBM by POM in IP and GP, respectively; T5= similar diet to T4 balanced by total amino acids (1.10 and 1.00 % of total lysine in SP and GP, respectively). Results permitted to conclude that formulation based on IP is better than the ones considering CP or total amino acids. The inclusion of 20 % POM in the initial and 25 % POM in the growing phases of broilers in substitution to SBM improved performance up to 21 days and did not influence performance up to 42 days when diets were formulated according to ideal protein concept.
A formulação com base no conceito de proteína ideal (PI) é mais eficiente quando são usados ingredientes alternativos ao milho (M) e ao farelo de soja (FS). Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar formulações de dietas utilizando o conceito de PI, usando farinha de vísceras (FV) em substituição ao FS, em dietas de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 = dieta com 22 % e 20% de proteína bruta (PB) nas fases inicial (FI) e de crescimento (FC) e 3200 kcal/kg de EM durante todo experimento; T2 = energia semelhante a dieta T1 e PI à base de M e FS (1,15% de lisina digestível na FI e 0,90% de lisina digestível na FC; T3=dieta semelhante a T2, com 20 % e 25 % de substituição do FS por FV nas FI e FC, respectivamente; T4=dieta semelhante a T3, com 40 e 50 % de substituição do FS por FV, nas FI e FC, respectivamente; T5=dieta semelhante a T4, porém com balanço por aminoácidos (AA) totais (1,10 e 1,00 % de lisina total nas FI e FC, respectivamente). Os resultados permitiram concluir que a formulação com base na PI é melhor do que aquela que considera a PB ou AA totais. A inclusão de 20 % FV na FI e 25 % na FC de frangos de corte, em substituição ao FS, melhorou o desempenho até os 21 dias e não alterou o desempenho até os 42 dias em dietas formuladas dentro do conceito de proteína ideal.
RESUMO
Ideal protein (IP) concept in feed formulation is more suitable when alternative ingredients to corn (C) and soybean meal (SBM) are used. Thus, the objective of this paper was to compare diets using IP concept and poultry offal meal (POM) in substitution to SBM in broiler diets. The treatments were: T1= diets with 22% and 20 % crude protein (CP) in starting phase (SP) and growing phase (GP), respectively and 3200 kcal ME/kg all over the experiment; T2= similar energy to T1 and IP diet based on C and SBM (1.15% digestible lysine in SP and 0.90 % in GP); T3= similar diet to T2, with 20% and 25% of substitution of SBM by POM in SP and GP, respectively; T4= similar diet to T3, with 40 and 50 % of substitution of SBM by POM in IP and GP, respectively; T5= similar diet to T4 balanced by total amino acids (1.10 and 1.00 % of total lysine in SP and GP, respectively). Results permitted to conclude that formulation based on IP is better than the ones considering CP or total amino acids. The inclusion of 20 % POM in the initial and 25 % POM in the growing phases of broilers in substitution to SBM improved performance up to 21 days and did not influence performance up to 42 days when diets were formulated according to ideal protein concept.
A formulação com base no conceito de proteína ideal (PI) é mais eficiente quando são usados ingredientes alternativos ao milho (M) e ao farelo de soja (FS). Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar formulações de dietas utilizando o conceito de PI, usando farinha de vísceras (FV) em substituição ao FS, em dietas de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1 = dieta com 22 % e 20% de proteína bruta (PB) nas fases inicial (FI) e de crescimento (FC) e 3200 kcal/kg de EM durante todo experimento; T2 = energia semelhante a dieta T1 e PI à base de M e FS (1,15% de lisina digestível na FI e 0,90% de lisina digestível na FC; T3=dieta semelhante a T2, com 20 % e 25 % de substituição do FS por FV nas FI e FC, respectivamente; T4=dieta semelhante a T3, com 40 e 50 % de substituição do FS por FV, nas FI e FC, respectivamente; T5=dieta semelhante a T4, porém com balanço por aminoácidos (AA) totais (1,10 e 1,00 % de lisina total nas FI e FC, respectivamente). Os resultados permitiram concluir que a formulação com base na PI é melhor do que aquela que considera a PB ou AA totais. A inclusão de 20 % FV na FI e 25 % na FC de frangos de corte, em substituição ao FS, melhorou o desempenho até os 21 dias e não alterou o desempenho até os 42 dias em dietas formuladas dentro do conceito de proteína ideal.