RESUMO
Resumen En este trabajo se analiza la autopresentación online auténtica (AOA): grado en que las personas se presentan de manera online de modo auténtico, sin distorsionar su modo de ser offline. Primero se diseñó una medida psicométrica para su operacionalización, y luego se estudió su asociación con aspectos psicológicos positivos (bienestar y satisfacción con la vida), negativos (síntomas psicológicos y uso problemático de internet) y rasgos de personalidad (normales, patológicos y positivos). Finalmente, se analizó un modelo explicativo en donde la AOA era mediadora entre la personalidad y aspectos psicológicos positivos. Se analizó una muestra de 384 participantes (46.6% hombres, 52.6% mujeres y 0.05% no binarios) con edad promedio de 28 años (DE=5.92) y una muestra adicional para el análisis factorial confirmatorio de características similares. Se obtuvo buena evidencia de validez (e. g., CFI = .917, SMRS = .059) y confiabilidad (α = .79, ω = .85) para una medida de ocho elementos. La AOA se relaciona positivamente con el bienestar y la satisfacción con la vida, y negativamente con la sintomatología psicológica y el uso problemático de internet. Se encontraron asociaciones positivas con todos los rasgos positivos y con extraversión, agradabilidad y responsabilidad. Se hallaron relaciones negativas con desapego y desinhibición. Los rasgos positivos resultaron ser los más explicativos de la AOA. Se halló que la AOA media la relación entre el rasgo de integridad y la satisfacción con la vida y el bienestar. Se destaca el rol primordial de los rasgos positivos en este tipo de conducta online y con los aspectos positivos asociados a la AOA.
Abstract In this study, we examined Authentic Online Self-presentation (AOSP): the extent to which individuals present themselves authentically online without distorting their offline personas. First, a psychometric measure was designed for operationalization, followed by an investigation into its association with positive psychological aspects (well-being and life satisfaction), negative aspects (psychological symptoms and problematic internet use), and personality traits (normal, pathological, and positive). Finally, an explanatory model was analyzed, with AOSP acting as a mediator between personality and positive psychological aspects. A sample of 384 participants (46.6% male, 52.6% female, and 0.05% non-binary) with an average age of 28 years (SD = 5.92) was examined, along with an additional sample for confirmatory factor analysis with similar characteristics. Good evidence of validity (e.g., CFI = .917, SMRS = .059) and reliability (α=.79, ω=.85) was obtained for an eight-item measure. AOSP was found to be positively related to well-being and life satisfaction, and negatively related to psychological symptoms and problematic internet use. Positive associations were found with all positive traits, and with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Negative associations were found with detachment and disinhibition. Positive traits proved to be the most explanatory for AOSP AOSP was identified as mediating the relationship between the integrity trait and life satisfaction and well-being. We highlight the crucial role of positive traits in such online behavior and with the positive aspects associated with AOSP.
RESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar un modelo predictivo de rasgos de personalidad positivos y negativos tomando como criterio el bienestar psicológico mediante la implementación de algoritmos de machine learning. Participaron 2038 sujetos adultos (51.9 % mujeres). Para la recolección de datos se utilizó: Big Five Inventory y Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Además, para evaluar los rasgos positivos y negativos de personalidad se utilizaron los ítems ya validados de los modelos de rasgos positivos (HFM) y negativos (BAM) de forma conjunta. A partir de los hallazgos encontrados se pudo verificar que la eficacia predictiva del modelo testeado de rasgos positivos y negativos derivados de un enfoque léxico resultó superior a la capacidad predictiva de los rasgos normales de personalidad para la predicción del bienestar.
O objetivo do estudo foi verificar um modelo preditivo de traços de personalidade positivos e negativos tendo como critério o bem-estar psicológico por meio da implementação de algoritmos de machine learning. Participaram 2.038 sujeitos adultos (51,9 % mulheres). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados: Big Five Inventory e Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Além disso, para avaliar os traços de personalidade positivos e negativos, foram utilizados conjuntamente os itens já validados dos modelos de traços positivos (HFM) e negativos (BAM). Foi possível verificar que a eficácia preditiva do modelo testado de traços positivos e negativos derivados de uma abordagem lexical foi superior à capacidade preditiva de traços normais de personalidade para a predição do bem-estar.
The objective of the study was to verify a predictive model of positive and negative personality traits taking psychological well-being as a criterion through the implementation of machine learning algorithms. 2038 adult subjects (51.9 % women) participated. For data collection were used: Big Five Inventory and Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. In addition, to assess the positive and negative personality traits, the already validated items of the positive (HFM) and negative trait models (BAM), were used jointly. Based on the findings found, it was possible to verify that the predictive efficacy of the tested model of positive and negative traits, derived from a lexical approach, was superior to the predictive capacity of normal personality traits for the prediction of well-being.
RESUMO
The aim of this paper is to explore a new framework for personality assessment that may function as sanity nosology of personality traits: the Positive Personality Model (PPM). The recent publication of DSM-5 created the opportunity to assess personality traits as dimensional constructs (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). In Section III, five maladaptive personality traits are proposed as the maladaptive versions of Five Factor Model (FFM) traits (Costa and McCrae, 1985). This approach draws on the existing idea of conceptualizing pathological and typical personality traits as part of a continuum. It places DSM-5's maladaptive traits in a sickness pole and FFM's traits in a "typical" pole. This spectrum, however, does not include a positive perspective that represents healthy behavior: a sanity nosology. The Positive Traits Inventory-5 (PTI-5; de la Iglesia and Castro Solano, 2018) is a measure designed to assess the positive reverse of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Adult (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2013). The 220 positive personality criteria were studied psychometrically using a sample of 1902 Argentinean adults from the general population (M age = 39.10, SD = 13.81, Min = 18, and Max = 83; 50.1% females, 49.9% males). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a five-factor solution. The dimensions were labeled Sprightliness, Integrity, Serenity, Moderation, and Humanity and subsumed under the denomination of PPM. Analyses of convergent validity provided some grounds for interpreting the five positive traits as positive versions of the pathological traits and the typical traits. When tested for its predictive capability on mental health, the PPM outperformed the variance explained by the FFM. It is concluded that the PPM may constitute a positive pole in the continuum of personality traits -possibly functioning as a sanity nosology- and that it is somewhat more related to optimal functioning than typical trait models. The PPM should be confirmed in other populations, its predictive capability ought to be tested with other relevant variables, and longitudinal studies should be done to analyze the stability of the traits over time.
RESUMO
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo establecer la validez cultural de la clasificación VIA (24 fortalezas en 6 virtudes) mediante la utilización de un enfoque mixto (ético/émico). Se intentó determinar si la clasificación VIA resultaba relevante culturalmente para poder capturar las respuestas de personas legas en ocasión de describir las características positivas de personajes protípicos admirados en un formato de respuesta libre (free listing). Participaron del estudio una muestra de 378 personas adultas de población general no consultante argentina, varones y mujeres. Los resultados señalan que las fortalezas más frecuentes fueron la integridad, la persistencia, la bondad y el amor, lo que da lugar a dos perfiles diferenciados de personajes prototípicos de características positivas. No se encontraron diferencias según sexo y edad. Los resultados sugieren que la clasificación VIA debe ser ajustada en función de las variables culturales.
The purpose of the present study is to establish the cultural validity of the Values in Action (VIA) classification through the use of 24 character strengths contained in 6 virtues, by implementing a combined emic-etic approach. A group of 378 male and female Argentinian adults participated from this research. The aim was to determine if the VIA classification was culturally relevant to portray the answers of the participants involved. Results indicate that the most frequent strengths listed by the participants were integrity, persistency, kindness and love. No differences regarding age and gender were found. The results also suggest that the VIA classification needs to be adjusted according to cultural variables.