RESUMO
Rocks with representative physical and chemical properties are essential to understanding fluid-solid flow behaviors at the pore scale. In this way, studying the pore space characteristics is a key point for evaluating and providing petrophysical properties for distinct rock types, such as synthetic rocks, with controlled and representative properties like natural ones. This work studies the petrophysical properties of synthetic carbonate plugs with a novel approach by correlating particle size, particle size fraction, and the morphology of particles with porosity and permeability, which could guide the scientific community to further forming of carbonate rocks with a controlled pore network. Results indicated that particle shape influenced the accommodation of particles in the porous space and, therefore, in the petrophysical properties, where an increase in particle size decreases porosity and increases permeability. Also, the obtained plugs showed the following petrophysical features: gas porosity from 10% to 17%, mercury porosity from 11% to 19%, gas permeability from 0.07 mD to 0.70 mD, and mercury permeability from 0.02 mD to 0.35 mD, providing important insight on controlling pore space in synthetic carbonate rocks.
RESUMO
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been an excellent platform for carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO2RR). In this work, the feasibility of electrochemical reduction of CO2 to obtain C2-deep value-added products was investigated by the preparation of Mg-containing MOF-74 samples combined with transition metal cations (Ni2+, Co2+ and Zn2+). The prepared MOFs were used as electrocatalysts in CO2RR. Chronoamperometric analysis coupled to ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was employed to characterize the CO2 reduction products and subsequently via 1H NMR. Although an isostructural crystalline structure was observed in all synthesized MOFs, the pore diameter distribution was significantly affected due to the Mg coordination along with each transition metal nuclei with the organic ligand to form the MOF-74. Our results showed that Mg-containing MOF-74 electrocatalysts combined with Ni, Co and Zn ions successfully reduced CO2 to C2-deep products, while the monometallic Mg-MOF-74 showed only CO2 mineralization. An ester acetate, isopropyl alcohol, and formic acid were produced by Mg/Ni-MOF-74; isopropyl alcohol was provided by Mg/Co-MOF-74, and ethanol was generated by Mg/Zn-MOF-74. We observed that the change of the transition cation was a key factor in the selectivity of the obtained products, while the degree of Mg ions effectively incorporated into the MOF structure tuned the porosity and the electrocatalytic activity. Among them, Mg/Zn-MFOF-74 showed the highest Mg content loaded after synthesis and thus the most favorable electrocatalytic behavior towards CO2 reduction.