RESUMO

The Surinam anchovy (Anchovia surinamensis) is a small fish of commercial and ecological interest in the Amazon basin. To understand the reproductive and population dynamics of this species, in 2019 and 2020, experimental fisheries were carried out during periods of flood and low water in the Cujubim Lake in Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brazil). This study aimed to analyze the seasonal pattern (flood and low water) for the reproductive period and the population dynamics of the Surinam anchovy in this region, which resulted in the collection of 870 individuals. The specimens showed mean lengths (Ls) of 6.85 ± 0.51 cm to 9.01 ± 2.56 cm and mean weight (Wt) of 5.8 ± 3.37 g to 6.6 ±2.72 g between low and flood water periods, respectively. The growth parameters for this species (Wt = 0.0226*Ls2,6635; Natural mortality, M = 1.66 year-1; Growth rate, k = 0.70 year-1; Asymptotic length, L∞ = 16.53 cm; Theoretical maximum weight, W∞ = 42.83 g) and the quantity of individuals in mature stages during periods of flood and low water were also evaluated. The mean values of Gonado-somatic index - GSI (5.41 and 4.96 between females and males) and animal welfare index, Kn (1.009 and 1.010 between low and flood water periods) did not show significant differences. All the population growth information presented, added to the values of physicochemical parameters of the water (which were suitable for tropical fish) indicates that the Surinam anchovy population is governed by hydrological seasonality and is well adapted to the floodplain lake where it colonizes and reproduces.

A sardinha-do-gato (Anchovia surinamensis) é um peixe de pequeno porte de interesse comercial e ecológico da bacia Amazônica. Para entender a dinâmica reprodutiva e populacional dessa espécie, foram rea-lizadas pescarias experimentais nos períodos de seca e cheia nos anos de 2019 e 2020, no lago Cujubim in Porto Velho (Rondônia, Brasil). Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o padrão sazonal (seca e cheia) para o período reprodutivo e a dinâmica populacional da A. surinamensis nessa região, que resultou na coleta de 870 indivíduos. Os exemplares exibiram medias de comprimentos (Cp) de 6,85 ± 0,51 cm a 9,01 ± 2,56 cm e peso (Pt) de 5,8 ± 3,37 g a 6,6 ± 2,72 g entre os períodos de seca e cheia, respectivamen-te. Os parâmetros de crescimento do estoque para esta espécie (Pt = 0,0226*Cp2,6635; Mortalidade natural, M = 1,66 ano-1; Taxa de crescimento, k = 0,70 ano-1; Comprimento assintótico, L∞= 16,53 cm; Peso máximo teórico, W∞ = 42,83 g) e o quantitativo de indivíduos em estádios maduros durante os períodos de seca e cheia também foram avaliados. As médias dos valores do Índice gonadossomático - IGS (5,41 e 4,96 entre fêmeas e machos) e do Índice de bem-estar animal, Kn (1,009 e 1,010 entre a cheia e a seca), não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Portanto, todas as informações de crescimento populacional apresentadas, somadas aos valores dos parâmetros físico-químicos da água (que permaneceram adequados para peixes tropicais) indicam que a população da sardinha-do-gato é regida pela sazonalidade hidrológica e está bem adaptada ao lago de várzea onde colonizam e se reproduzem.

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RESUMO

A cohort of 100 eggs of Panstrongylus geniculatus (Latreille) was reared in the laboratory under constant conditions (temperature 26 ± 1°C, 60 ± 10% RH), with mortality and fecundity data recorded weekly. We calculated stage-specific development times, age-specific mortality and fecundity (18.4 eggs/♀/wk), and stage-specific and total preadult mortality (31.6%), and the weekly intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(o) = 0.096), the finite population growth rate (λ = 1.109), the net reproductive rate (R(0) = 60.45), and the generation time (T = 46.34 wk). Elasticity analysis showed that the dominant life-history trait determining λ was survival (particularly the adult female's survival). Adult females dominated the stage-specific reproductive value, and the egg stage dominated the stable stage distribution (SSD). The damping ratio (ρ = 1.096) suggests a relatively rapid period of recovery to a disturbed SSD. Results were compared with one previous study and conform relatively well, considering that environmental conditions were not the same. We estimated the colonizing ability of P. geniculatus, using as a criterion the ro/b index, and obtained the value of 0.74, an indicator of a good colonizer, and similar to well-known invasive species such as Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. The life history traits and demographic parameters here presented for P. geniculatus are discussed in terms of their usefulness for evolutionary studies and vector control activities.

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RESUMO

The tomato moth, Tuta absoluta Meyrick, is one of the most important tomato pests in South America. In Argentina, management strategies include only chemical control. In this work, the parasitoid wasp Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja was evaluated as a potential natural enemy against this pest. Biological and population parameters were estimated by developing a life table under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1ºC, 14:10 photoperiod and 60 ± 10 percent RH. Three cohorts of 26-30 T. bactrae females each were placed with one of the three following treatments: 1 - Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) eggs on a piece of cardboard; 2 - S. cerealella eggs on a piece of tomato leaf, and 3- T. absoluta eggs on a piece on tomato leaf. The following parameters were estimated for each cohort: survival (egg to adult), longevity, fecundity and oviposition period of females, sex proportion of the F1, net rate of reproduction (Ro), mean generation time (T) and intrinsic rate of population increase (r m). Survival of the T. bactrae immatures was higher than 90 percent on both, S. cerealella and T. absoluta eggs. The female survival curves corresponded to type III and showed no significant differences among treatments. The three cohorts did not show significant differences between sex ratio, female longevity, oviposition period, fecundity and the population parameters studied. These results indicate that T. bactrae would be a potential biological control agent of T. absoluta.

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