RESUMO
Chironomids show a wide distribution and can occupy several habitats due to their high adaptive capacity in different freshwater environments. The genus Polypedilum is found along a wide elevational and environmental gradient in the neotropics, and its genetic variability could help to elucidate factors determining its distribution and tolerance to the environmental changes of different species or populations. This study examines the genetic variability of Polypedilum in an important biogeographic area that acts as a geographical barrier of biodiversity at the border of the Choco and Tumbes biomes. We identified five Polypedilum morphotypes using classic taxonomic methods. We examined 68 Polypedilum individuals from eight sampling sites in El Oro Province, Ecuador, analyzing the putative molecular species using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial gene fragment. Then, we calculated molecular diversity indices, Haplotype diversity (Hd), and θs and θπ estimators. Seven Polypedilum OTUs were determined from which a high molecular diversity was registered. A CCA was conducted to understand the population composition in relation to environmental characteristics. Results indicated that dissolved oxygen and temperature are the main environmental factors affecting Polypedilum distribution across elevational gradients and between basins.
RESUMO
Five new species of Polypedilum from mountains of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil, are described and illustrated as adult male. Two new species belong to the subgenus Polypedilum s. str.: Polypedilum (Polypedilum) caete sp. n. and P. (P.) aymbere sp. n. and three new species belong to the subgenus Tripodura: P. (Tripodura) yvatekaty sp. n., P. (T.) goiocoio sp. n. and P. (T.) ybytyra sp. n.
Assuntos
Chironomidae , Dípteros , Distribuição Animal , Estruturas Animais , Animais , Tamanho Corporal , Brasil , Florestas , Masculino , Tamanho do ÓrgãoRESUMO
Quatro larvas foram coletadas em água retida pelo fungo Aquascypha hydrophora (Berk.) Reid (Fungi: Stereaceae) fixo em troncos de árvores eretas, na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil. Das larvas coletadas, apenas um exemplar desenvolveu até a fase adulta, sendo identificado como Polypedilum (Tripodura) amataura Bidawid-Kafka, 1996. Esta é a primeira descrição para uma forma imatura deste gênero, e também o primeiro registro em micotelmata.
Four larvae were collected in water with the fungus Aquascyphahydrophora (Berk.) Reid (Fungi: Stereaceae), fixed in tree trunks found in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Only one specimem reached the adult phase, which was identified as Polypedilum (Tripodura) amataura Bidawid-Kafka, 1996. This is the first description of an immature form of this genus, and also the first registered in mycotelmata.
Assuntos
Zoologia , Ecossistema Amazônico , DípterosRESUMO
Four larvae were collected in water with the fungus Aquascyphahydrophora (Berk.) Reid (Fungi: Stereaceae), fixed in tree trunks found in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Amazonas, Brazil. Only one specimem reached the adult phase, which was identified as Polypedilum (Tripodura) amataura Bidawid-Kafka, 1996. This is the first description of an immature form of this genus, and also the first registered in mycotelmata.
Quatro larvas foram coletadas em água retida pelo fungo Aquascypha hydrophora (Berk.) Reid (Fungi: Stereaceae) fixo em troncos de árvores eretas, na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brasil. Das larvas coletadas, apenas um exemplar desenvolveu até a fase adulta, sendo identificado como Polypedilum (Tripodura) amataura Bidawid-Kafka, 1996. Esta é a primeira descrição para uma forma imatura deste gênero, e também o primeiro registro em micotelmata.