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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the lives of adolescents worldwide, especially those living with chronic diseases. This study aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the daily lives of adolescents with chronic diseases. METHODS: This is a scoping review that follows the guidelines proposed by JBI. Eligibility criteria include articles focusing on adolescents aged 10 to 19 during the COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of chronic diseases. Searches were performed in PUBMED, LILACS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, grey literature, and manual searches in March 2024. RESULTS: This review is composed of 35 articles. The analysis revealed two main categories: (1) Adolescents facing social isolation, school closure, and new family interactions, striving to reinvent themselves, and (2) Chasing the best decision: following up the chronic disease while fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. These categories encompass subcategories highlighting changes in social and family interactions and lifestyle habits. The findings suggest a multifaceted interaction of factors influencing adolescents' well-being, including improved family bonding, heightened disease management, and increased stress and strains on resources. CONCLUSIONS: This review emphasizes the importance of long-term follow-up and social inclusion efforts for adolescents with chronic diseases and their families, addressing their unique needs during public health crises.
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Objective: We aimed to identify the factors associated with using digital platforms for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living in Southern Brazil. We also compared the trajectory of physical activity between users and non-users and by type of digital platform used. Methods: We analyzed data from the PAMPA (Prospective Study About Mental and Physical Health in Adults) cohort. The study started in June 2020, and tracked participants through three waves (December 2020, June 2021, and June 2022). The exposure variable was usingf digital platforms for physical activity. The outcome measure was minutes per week of physical activity. We employed a generalized linear model with robust variance to explore the interaction between time and the use of digital platforms, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates and the presence of chronic diseases. Results: The proportion of participants using digital platforms for physical activity declined from 36.8% in 2020 to 25.6% in 2021 and further to 13.5% in 2022. Using digital platforms for physical activity was associated with a higher mean daily physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants who used digital platforms were more likely to be physically active when compared to their inactive contemparts throughout the entire study period. Notably, social media emerged with greater influence in the physical activity practice among digital platforms. Conclusion: Using these platforms had a positive impact on increasing the level of physical activity among the participants.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Saúde Mental , Intervenção Baseada em Internet , Exercício Físico , Distanciamento FísicoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo avaliar os efeitos do lockdown na incidência da COVID-19 na fase de emergência sanitária da pandemia. Métodos trata-se de um estudo ecológico transversal. Os dados foram coletados nas páginas da Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados e da Prefeitura Municipal de Araraquara. Para analisar a incidência da COVID-19 foram considerados os casos notificados no referido município. Para comparar os períodos em relação aos casos diários, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão com distribuição binomial-negativa com função de ligação logarítmica. Resultados para todas as faixas etárias, com exceção de menores de 20 anos, verificou-se diferença estatística nos coeficientes de incidência. Para o sexo feminino o declínio na incidência da doença foi mais expressivo. Considerando ambos os sexos e todas as faixas etárias, observou-se uma redução de 49% na incidência de casos. Conclusão houve uma redução significativa na incidência da doença considerando a população geral do município. Contribuições para a prática: a disponibilidade e adoção de medidas tradicionais de saúde pública, como o lockdown, mostraram-se essenciais para reduzir casos e óbitos de doenças de vírus respiratórios emergentes sem tratamento e vacina.
ABSTRACT Objective to assess the effects of lockdown on the incidence of COVID-19 during the health emergency phase of the pandemic. Methods this is a cross-sectional ecological study. Data was collected from the websites of the State Data Analysis System Foundation and Araraquara City Hall. To analyze the incidence of COVID-19, cases reported in the municipality were considered. A regression model with a negative binomial distribution and a logarithmic link function was used to compare the periods in terms of daily cases. Results for all age groups except those under 20, there was a statistical difference in the incidence coefficients. For females, the decline in the incidence of the disease was more significant. Considering both sexes and all age groups, there was a 49% reduction in the incidence of cases. Conclusion there was a significant reduction in the incidence of the disease in the general population of the municipality. Contributions to practice: the availability and adoption of traditional public health measures, such as lockdown, proved essential to reducing cases and deaths from emerging respiratory virus diseases without treatment or vaccine.
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RESUMO Objetivo investigar os impactos comunicativos, sociais e emocionais gerados pela adoção de medidas protetivas contra a COVID-19 e associá-los ao grau da perda auditiva e ao tempo de uso dos aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual. Métodos estudo transversal e quantitativo, com 72 indivíduos, divididos em adultos e idosos, com perda auditiva bilateral, de grau até moderadamente severo, protetizados antes da pandemia em um programa público de saúde auditiva e que mantiveram uso efetivo dos dispositivos. Os sujeitos foram convidados a participar do estudo enquanto aguardavam consulta. Os prontuários foram acessados, a fim de coletar informações sobre o perfil audiológico e adaptação/uso dos aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual. Em sala silenciosa, foi aplicado, oralmente, protocolo contendo questões objetivas e os dados foram tabulados e submetidos aos testes estatísticos Igualdade de Duas Proporções e Qui-Quadrado. Resultados nos dois grupos, um número significativo de usuários teve a comunicação impactada pelo uso de máscaras e pelo distanciamento físico, predominando, entre os adultos, a dificuldade com as tecnologias digitais (celulares/computadores), enquanto nas videochamadas, os prejuízos comunicativos foram mais experenciados pelos idosos. Os empecilhos comunicativos e sociais existiram, independentemente do perfil audiológico e do tempo de uso dos dispositivos. Quando questionados se deixaram de se comunicar e se as medidas afetaram a sua vida social, as respostas ficaram divididas entre "sim/às vezes" e "não". Quanto ao impacto emocional das medidas protetivas, constatou-se maior repercussão entre os adultos. Conclusão as medidas protetivas afetaram a comunicação dos usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual, porém, não desencorajaram as trocas comunicativas e as interações sociais de, aproximadamente, metade da amostra, sendo o impacto emocional mais evidente nos adultos. Tais dificuldades não estiveram relacionadas ao perfil audiológico e uso diário dos dispositivos.
ABSTRACT Purpose to investigate the communicative, social, and emotional impacts generated by adopting protective measures against COVID-19 and associate them with the degree of hearing loss and the time of use of hearing aids. Methods cross-sectional quantitative study, with 72 individuals, divided into adults and older adults, with bilateral hearing loss up to moderately severe degree, users of hearing aids fitted before the pandemic in a public hearing health program who had maintained effective use of the devices. The participants were invited to participate in the study while waiting for an appointment and signed the consent form. After that, medical records were accessed to collect information about audiological profiles and the fitting/use of hearing aids. Afterward, a protocol with objective questions was orally applied in a silent room. Data were tabulated and subjected to Equality of Two Proportions and Chi-Square statistical tests. Results in both groups, a significant number of users had communication impacted by the use of masks and by social distancing, with difficulty with digital technologies (cell phones/computers) predominating among adults, while older adults more commonly experienced communicative impairments during video calls. The communicative impediment existed regardless of the audiological profile and device use time. When asked if they stopped communicating and if the measures affected their social life, the sample was divided between "yes/sometimes" and "no". As for the emotional impact of protective measures, there was a greater impact among adults. Conclusion protective measures affected the communication of hearing aids users but did not discourage communicative exchanges and social interactions for approximately half of the sample, with the emotional impact being more evident in adults. Such difficulties were not related to the audiological profile and daily use of the devices.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Mudança Social , Meio Social , Comunicação , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Tecnologia Digital , Distanciamento Físico , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Auxiliares de Audição , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Pessoas com Deficiência Auditiva , Perda AuditivaRESUMO
O artigo descreve experiências de indígenas universitários que viveram em uma moradia estudantil durante o período de distanciamento social ampliado no primeiro semestre da pandemia de Covid-19. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com utilização de diário de campo, levantamento documental e entrevistas. Foi realizada análise temática de conteúdo, sob a óptica dos conceitos de situação-limite, inéditos viáveis e resiliência. Foram duas categorias identificadas: sofrimento no contexto do distanciamento social e estratégias de superação de dificuldades. Vivenciaram incertezas e limites trazidos pela pandemia, medos por estarem distantes e adoecimentos. Como enfrentamento, surgiram adaptações no ensino, na pesquisa e na extensão; estratégias individuais para além de atividades acadêmicas; e busca de construções coletivas possíveis visando à resiliência e à desconstrução de visões estereotipadas no ambiente acadêmico.(AU)
The article describes the experiences of indigenous university students who lived in a student housing during the period of increased social distancing in the first half of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative research, using a field diary, documental survey and interviews. Thematic content analysis was carried out, from the perspective of limit-situation and unpublished-feasible concepts and resilience. Two categories were identified: suffering in the context of social distancing and strategies for overcoming difficulties. They experienced uncertainties and limits brought about by the pandemic, fears of being distant and illnesses. As confrontations, adaptations emerged in teaching, research and extension, individual resilience beyond academic activity and sought possible collective strategies towards resilience and deconstruction of stereotyped and romanticized views in the academic environment.(AU)
El artículo describe experiencias de indígenas universitarios que vivieron en una residencia estudiantil durante el período de distanciamiento social ampliado en el primer semestre de la pandemia de Covid-19. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con utilización de diario de campo, estudio documental y entrevistas. Se realizó un análisis temático de contenido, bajo la óptica de los conceptos de situación-límite, inéditos-viables y resiliencia. Se identificaron dos categorías: sufrimiento en el contexto del distanciamiento social y estrategias de superación de dificultades. Vivieron incertidumbres y límites causados por la pandemia, miedos por estar distantes y por enfermarse. Como enfrentamientos, surgieron adaptaciones en la enseñanza, investigación y extensión, estrategias individuales más allá de las actividades académicas y buscaron construcciones colectivas posibles en el sentido de la resiliencia y de la desconstrucción de visiones estereotipadas en el ambiente académico.(AU)
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ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. Results: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. Conclusion: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.
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Variables related to social distancing can have negative effects on the emotional well-being and cognition of adults and the elderly. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the available studies that address the relationship between situations of social distancing, socioemotional aspects, and cognition in the lives of mature and older adults. Methods: A literature review study was carried out between December 2021 and January 2022, involving the SciELO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with studies published between February 2018 and December 2021. Results: A total of 754 studies were identified, and after selection, 18 were included. Notably, 16 showed significant effects of social distancing on cognition and socioemotional aspects, that is, the greater the social distancing, the lower the capacity for cognitive performance and the higher the index of symptoms of depression and anxiety, for example. Conclusions: Greater engagement in social activities and a closer contact with friends and family are protective factors against symptoms of depression and anxiety and cognitive decline.
Variáveis relacionadas ao distanciamento social podem gerar efeitos negativos para o bem-estar emocional e para a cognição de adultos e idosos. Objetivo: Analisar os estudos disponíveis que abordam a relação entre situações de distanciamento social, sofrimento emocional e cognição na vida de adultos maduros e idosos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de revisão de literatura entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, que envolveu as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e ScienceDirect, com estudos publicados entre fevereiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: O total de 754 trabalhos foi identificado e, após a seleção, 18 foram incluídos. Dezesseis mostraram efeitos significativos do distanciamento social na cognição e no sofrimento emocional, ou seja, quanto maior o distanciamento social, menor a capacidade de desempenho cognitivo e maior o índice de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, por exemplo. Conclusões: O maior engajamento em atividades sociais e a maior aproximação com amigos e familiares são fatores de proteção contra sintomas de depressão e ansiedade e declínio cognitivo.
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BACKGROUND: In the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, strategies adopted to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 relied on non-pharmacological interventions, including physical distancing. Mobility restrictions affected the availability and quality of care for many health conditions, including sexually transmitted infections. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mobility restriction on syphilis and HIV testing in outpatient settings. METHODS: In this study, we collected the weekly number of syphilis and HIV tests performed in a referent laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the percentage of positive tests between January 2019 and December 2021. We also retrieved data on retail and recreation mobility in São Paulo city using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. We explored the association between populational mobility and the number of weekly tests and the association between the number of weekly tests and the percentage of positive results during the pandemic period. The analyses were conducted separately for syphilis and HIV tests. RESULTS: We found that mobility restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with a significant decrease in both syphilis and HIV tests performed in outpatient settings. We also observed that the number of tests performed was inversely associated with the percentage of positive results for syphilis; this association was also apparent for HIV tests in the first wave of the pandemic in the graphic analysis. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings suggest an indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic-related mobility restrictions on the uptake of diagnostic tests for HIV and syphilis and the potential adoption of targeted-testing strategies. Understanding the extent and complexity of COVID-19 aftermaths on specific conditions and communities is essential to build strategies to mitigate the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Sífilis , Humanos , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/complicações , Pandemias , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , SARS-CoV-2 , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicaçõesRESUMO
This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association of religiosity with behaviors and perceptions in the context of social distancing measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as mental health outcomes, in a university community in Central-West Brazil. A sample of 1,796 subjects responded to an online form with socio-demographic questions and the DASS-21 and PWBS scales. Religion was associated with the frequency of interactions, perceptions of the duration of the social distancing measures, changes in emotional state and history of psychological illness. The prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress was lower among people with religion and their scores in psychological well-being were higher. (AU)
Trata-se de um estudo transversal com o objetivo de analisar a associação entre religiosidade e comportamentos e percepções frente ao distanciamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 e estado de saúde mental em uma comunidade universitária do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Participaram do estudo 1796 sujeitos, os quais responderam a um formulário online com questões sociodemográficas e às escalas DASS-21 e EBEP. Observou-se associação entre religião e frequência de interações, percepção sobre a duração do distanciamento social e mudanças no estado emocional e histórico de alterações psicológicas. Constatou-se menor prevalência de sintomas relacionados à depressão, à ansiedade e ao estresse e maiores escores de bem-estar psicológico entre aqueles com religião. (AU)
Se trata de un estudio transversal con el objetivo de analizar la asociación entre religiosidad, comportamientos y percepciones frente al distanciamiento social resultante de la pandemia Covid-19 y el estado de salud mental en una comunidad universitaria de la región Centro-Oeste de Brasil. Participaron en el estudio 1796 sujetos, que respondieron un formulario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas y las escalas DASS-21 y EBEP. Se observó asociación entre religión y frecuencia de interacciones, la percepción de la duración del aislamiento social y los cambios en el estado emocional y el historial de cambios psicológicos. Se observó una menor prevalencia de síntomas relacionados con la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés, y puntuaciones más altas de bienestar psicológico entre quienes profesaban una religión. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Religião , Saúde Mental , Distanciamento Físico , COVID-19 , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estatística como Assunto , Análise de Variância , Análise Fatorial , Docentes , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Bem-Estar PsicológicoRESUMO
Background and objectives: due to the increase in the number of cases of the new coronavirus in the city of Codó-MA, there was a need to carry out a study on the spread of COVID-19 in the municipality in order to have a better knowledge and understanding of the problem. A study was carried out on the spread of COVID-19 in the city of Codó-MA, comparing the quantitative data on the number of cases in 2020 and 2021 between May and July and using the epidemiological model Susceptible-Infectious-Isolated-Recovered (SIQR). Methods: we collected daily data from the epidemiological bulletins made available by the Municipal Health Department of Codó (SEMUS-Codó), we chose the SIQR compartmental model to carry out the simulations, we assumed hypotheses and estimated the parameters in order to design the scenarios. We simulated scenarios such as social distancing of healthy individuals and social isolation of infected individuals. Results: in early 2020, cases increased more frequently than in early 2021, and approximately 20% of those infected were in social isolation. According to projections, more than 80% of cases of COVID-19 were not accounted for in Codó. In 2021, there was greater underreporting than in 2020, approximately 82% and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: from the results, the authors conclude that the social isolation of those infected is a more efficient method to contain an epidemic than the total blockade of the population and that the high number of underreported cases is because most of these cases are asymptomatic.(AU)
Justificativa e objetivos: devido ao aumento do número de casos do novo coronavírus na cidade de Codó-MA, viu-se a necessidade para fazer um estudo sobre a propagação da COVID-19 no município para a ter melhor conhecimento e entendimento do problema. Foi realizado um estudo sobre a disseminação da COVID-19 na cidade de Codó-MA, sendo comparados os dados quantitativos dos números de casos nos anos de 2020 e 2021 entre os meses de maio e julho e utilizando o modelo epidemiológico Suscetíveis-Infecciosos-Isolados-Recuperados (SIQR). Métodos: coletamos os dados diários dos boletins epidemiológicos disponibilizados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Codó (SEMUS- Codó), escolhemos o modelo compartimental SIQR para a realização das simulações, supomos hipóteses e estimamos os parâmetros para podermos projetar os cenários. Simulamos cenários, tais como distanciamento social dos indivíduos sadios e isolamento social dos indivíduos infectados. Resultados: no início de 2020, os casos aumentaram com mais frequência do que no início de 2021, e aproximadamente 20% dos infectados estavam em isolamento social. De acordo com as projeções, mais de 80% dos casos de COVID-19 não foram contabilizados em Codó. Em 2021, houve maior subnotificação do que em 2020, aproximadamente 82% e 85%, respectivamente. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados, os autores concluem que o isolamento social dos infectados é um método mais eficiente para conter uma epidemia do que o bloqueio total da população e que o alto número de casos subnotificados são porque a maioria desses casos são assintomáticos.(AU)
Antecedentes y objetivos debido al incremento en el número de casos del nuevo coronavirus en la ciudad de Codó-MA, surgió la necesidad de realizar un estudio sobre la propagación del COVID-19 en el municipio con el fin de tener un mejor conocimiento y comprensión de el problema. Se realizó un estudio sobre la propagación del COVID-19 en la ciudad de Codó-MA, comparando datos cuantitativos del número de casos en 2020 y 2021 entre mayo y julio y utilizando el modelo epidemiológico Susceptible-Infeccioso-Aislado-Recuperado (SIQR). Métodos: recolectamos datos diarios de los boletines epidemiológicos que pone a disposición la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Codó (SEMUS-Codó), elegimos el modelo compartimental SIQR para realizar las simulaciones, asumimos hipótesis y estimamos los parámetros para poder diseñar los escenarios. Simulamos escenarios como el distanciamiento social de personas sanas y el aislamiento social de personas infectadas. Resultados: a principios de 2020, los casos aumentaron con más frecuencia que a principios de 2021, y aproximadamente el 20% de los infectados se encontraban en aislamiento social. Según proyecciones, en Codó no se contabilizaron más del 80% de los casos de COVID-19. En 2021 hubo mayor subregistro que en 2020, aproximadamente 82% y 85%, respectivamente. Conclusión: de los resultados, los autores concluyen que el aislamiento social de los contagiados es un método más eficiente para contener una epidemia que el bloqueo total de la población y que el alto número de casos subregistrados se debe a que la mayoría de estos casos son asintomáticos.(AU)
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Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Modelos Epidemiológicos , Sub-Registro , Distanciamento FísicoRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25-19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00-28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44-7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33-6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99-1.00), SB of 8-10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15-2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48-6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96-0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.
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ABSTRACT Variables related to social distancing can have negative effects on the emotional well-being and cognition of adults and the elderly. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the available studies that address the relationship between situations of social distancing, socioemotional aspects, and cognition in the lives of mature and older adults. Methods: A literature review study was carried out between December 2021 and January 2022, involving the SciELO, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases, with studies published between February 2018 and December 2021. Results: A total of 754 studies were identified, and after selection, 18 were included. Notably, 16 showed significant effects of social distancing on cognition and socioemotional aspects, that is, the greater the social distancing, the lower the capacity for cognitive performance and the higher the index of symptoms of depression and anxiety, for example. Conclusions: Greater engagement in social activities and a closer contact with friends and family are protective factors against symptoms of depression and anxiety and cognitive decline.
RESUMO Variáveis relacionadas ao distanciamento social podem gerar efeitos negativos para o bem-estar emocional e para a cognição de adultos e idosos. Objetivo: Analisar os estudos disponíveis que abordam a relação entre situações de distanciamento social, sofrimento emocional e cognição na vida de adultos maduros e idosos. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de revisão de literatura entre dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022, que envolveu as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e ScienceDirect, com estudos publicados entre fevereiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2021. Resultados: O total de 754 trabalhos foi identificado e, após a seleção, 18 foram incluídos. Dezesseis mostraram efeitos significativos do distanciamento social na cognição e no sofrimento emocional, ou seja, quanto maior o distanciamento social, menor a capacidade de desempenho cognitivo e maior o índice de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, por exemplo. Conclusões: O maior engajamento em atividades sociais e a maior aproximação com amigos e familiares são fatores de proteção contra sintomas de depressão e ansiedade e declínio cognitivo.
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Humanos , Interação SocialRESUMO
Abstract Background In the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, strategies adopted to reduce the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 relied on non-pharmacological interventions, including physical distancing. Mobility restrictions affected the availability and quality of care for many health conditions, including sexually transmitted infections. Objective To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic mobility restriction on syphilis and HIV testing in outpatient settings. Methods In this study, we collected the weekly number of syphilis and HIV tests performed in a referent laboratory in São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the percentage of positive tests between January 2019 and December 2021. We also retrieved data on retail and recreation mobility in São Paulo city using Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. We explored the association between populational mobility and the number of weekly tests and the association between the number of weekly tests and the percentage of positive results during the pandemic period. The analyses were conducted separately for syphilis and HIV tests. Results We found that mobility restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with a significant decrease in both syphilis and HIV tests performed in outpatient settings. We also observed that the number of tests performed was inversely associated with the percentage of positive results for syphilis; this association was also apparent for HIV tests in the first wave of the pandemic in the graphic analysis. Conclusion Taken together, our findings suggest an indirect impact of COVID-19 pandemic-related mobility restrictions on the uptake of diagnostic tests for HIV and syphilis and the potential adoption of targeted-testing strategies. Understanding the extent and complexity of COVID-19 aftermaths on specific conditions and communities is essential to build strategies to mitigate the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the changes in stress levels, social behavior, dietary and parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, among other conditions perceived by dental students in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the correlations between stress level and other variables. METHODS An online questionnaire was developed and validated. Undergraduates enrolled in private and public dental schools were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected on the perceived changes regarding stress levels, financial and social characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, and parafunctional habits. Quantitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Wilcoxon test evaluated comparisons between perceived changes, and correlations between changes in stress levels and other variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 638 dental students, mean age of 22.95 ± 4.10 years, participated in the study. During the pandemic, the reported stress levels increased while household income decreased (p < 0.05). Late dinners and mindless eating increased in frequency, whereas oral hygiene decreased (p < 0.05). Most of the health conditions and parafunctional habits assessed changed (p < 0.05). Perceived stress levels showed poor negative correlations with household income (rS = −0.14), poor positive correlations with the pressure to contribute financially in the household (rS = 0.19), and poor positive correlations with food choice frequency (rS = 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dental students reported perceived changes in stress levels, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, parafunctional habits, and social behavior. Moreover, the results showed poor correlations, as students with higher stress levels tended to have the lowest household income, feel pressured to contribute financially in the household, and present a high meal intake frequency.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Higiene Bucal , Estudantes de Odontologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Distanciamento Físico , COVID-19RESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the incidence of covid-19 symptoms between informal home-based workers and a control group and to assess the association of these cases with blood elements concentrations and other relevant risk factors for Sars-Cov-2 infection. METHODS Welders chemically exposed to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (n = 26) and control participants (n = 25) answered questionnaires on adherence to social distancing and signs and symptoms of the disease for five months during the covid-19 pandemic. After follow-up, covid-19 serology tests were performed on a subsample of 12 chemically exposed workers and 20 control participants. Before the pandemic, PTE concentrations in blood (As, Mn, Ni, Cd, Hg, Sb, Sn, Cu, Zn, and Pb) were measured by ICP-MS. RESULTS The chemically exposed group had higher lead and cadmium levels in blood (p < 0.01). The control group presented lower adherence to social distancing (p = 0.016). Although not significant, welders had a 74% greater chance of having at least one covid-19 symptom compared with control participants, but their adherence to social distancing decreased this chance by 20%. The use of taxis for transportation was a risk factor significantly associated with covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION The lower adherence to social distancing among the control group greatly influences the development of covid-19. The literature lacks data linking exposure to PTEs and Sars-Cov-2 infection and/or severity. In this study, despite chemical exposure, working from home may have protected welders against covid-19, considering that they maintained greater social distancing than control participants.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Exposição Ocupacional , Exposição a Produtos Químicos , Setor Informal , Distanciamento Físico , COVID-19RESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar os aspectos relacionados à obesidade e ao diabetes de acordo com os fatores clínicos, sociais e as dificuldades de condicionamento físico na rotina de confinamento durante a COVID-19. Métodos: Utilizaram-se as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase e literatura cinza (Google Scholar). Foi utilizado o PRISMA, e, para análise de risco de viés, o checklist Downs and Black. Para sintetização dos resultados foram estabelecidos dois subtítulos com temas pertinentes ao objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados:Dezessete pesquisas foram incluídas para análise de síntese qualitativa: doze estudos de coorte, quatro de corte transversal e um estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico. Pacientes obesos e diabéticos aumentam as comorbidades quando infectados pela COVID-19, pois ocorre uma interação patológica comprometedora com complicações, como cetoacidose, infecção, hiperosmolaridade alta, dislipidemia e distúrbios psicológicos. Achados científicos apontam para uma maior internação de pessoas obesas em relação a diabéticos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), quando acometidos pelo novo coronavírus. Com a prática desportiva reduzida e a desmotivação advinda do comportamento sedentário, pessoas obesas e/ou diabéticas sugerem prognósticos desfavoráveis à saúde física e mental durante e após o término da pandemia. Conclusão: O entendimento específico sobre a abordagem imunomoduladora e de inibidores enzimáticos é de importância na atenção primária ao paciente. Estratégias com redes multidisciplinares devem acompanhar indivíduos com pré-disposição à obesidade e ao diabetes durante o confinamento social, uma vez que existe uma dificuldade de se manter um controle glicêmico e dislipidêmico que são desfavorecidos pela ansiedade, estresse e ideia de falência econômica (AU).
Objective: Identify aspects related to obesity and diabetes according to clinical and social factors combined with physical conditioning obstacles during the COVID-19 confinement routine. Methods: Database from PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase and grey literature (Google Scholar) was used, as well as PRISMA, and Downs and Black checklist for bias risk analysis. To summarize the results, two subtitles were defined in line with the research objectives. Results: Seventeen studies were included for qualitative synthesis analysis: twelve sectional cohort studies, four cross-sectional and one multicenter retrospective. Obese and diabetic patients increased comorbidities when infected by COVID-19, due to compromising pathological interaction followed by complications such as ketoacidosis, high hyperosmolarity infection, dyslipidemia and psychological disorders. Scientific findings show a higher level of hospitalization in Intense Care Units (ICU) for obese subjects compared to diabetics when infected by the new coronavirus. With lower physical activity and lack of motivation due to sedentary behavior, obese and/or diabetics show an adverse physical and mental prognostic during and after the end of pandemics. Conclusion: The specific understanding about immunomodulatory approach and enzymatic inhibitors is important for primary patient assistance. Multidisciplinary networks strategy must track individuals with a propensity to overweight and diabetes during social confinement, once it is difficult to keep glycemic and dyslipidemic control, which are unfavorable by anxiety, stress and the idea of economic bankruptcy (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Comorbidade , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , COVID-19 , Obesidade , Diabetes MellitusRESUMO
Introducción: El personal de enfermería cumple un papel fundamental en tiempos de pandemia, porque aporta conocimientos, habilidades y experiencias de vida unido al equipo de salud. Objetivo: Comprender las experiencias adquiridas de las enseñanzas de los procesos sustantivos en el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19 en la práctica pediátrica, desde una perspectiva enfermera. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico transcendental, realizado en Hospital Pediátrico "Octavio de la Concepción", Holguín, Cuba, en el período febrero-abril de 2021. Se integraron experiencias de ocho enfermeras, siete médicos, cinco estudiantes de medicina y cinco de enfermería, seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico. Se obtuvo la información a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se recurrió a tres etapas, descriptiva (elección de técnica, entrevista, elaboración de la descripción), estructural (lectura, determinación del tema central, expresión en lenguaje científico) y discusión (comparación de hallazgos con los de otros investigadores) para entender diferencias y similitudes. Resultados: Del análisis de los datos emergieron tres categorías: a) Experiencias adquiridas en las enseñanzas durante la COVID-19 en los procesos sociales. b) Experiencias adquiridas en las enseñanzas durante la COVID-19 para los profesionales de la salud. c) Experiencias adquiridas en las enseñanzas durante la COVID-19 para el personal en formación. Conclusiones: Se evidenció la implementación de acciones sanitarias y de apoyo social en la accesibilidad a los sistemas de salud. La oportunidad de compartir experiencias con expertos que facilitaron el diseño de protocolos, generación continua de evidencia científica y la formación de estudiantes con métodos alternativos(AU)
Introduction: Nurses play a critical role in times of pandemic because they bring knowledge, skills, and life experiences together with the healthcare team. Objective: To understand the experiences gained from the lessons learned from the substantive processes in dealing with COVID-19 in pediatric practice, from a nursing perspective. Methods: Transcendental phenomenological qualitative study, carried out at the Pediatric Hospital "Octavio de la Concepción", Holguín, Cuba, in the period from February to April 2021. The experiences of eight nurses, seven physicians, five medical students and five nursing students, selected by non-probabilistic sampling, were integrated. Information was obtained through semi-structured interviews. Three stages were used: descriptive (choice of technique, interview, and formulation of the description), structural (reading, determination of the central theme, expression in scientific language) and discussion (comparison of findings with those of other researchers) to understand differences and similarities. Results: Three categories emerged from the data analysis: a) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 in social processes. b) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 for health professionals. c) Experiences acquired in the teachings in the COVID-19 for personnel in training. Conclusions: The implementation of health and social support actions in accessibility to health systems was evidenced. The opportunity to share experiences with experts facilitated the design of protocols, continuous generation of scientific evidence and the training of students with alternative methods(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologiaRESUMO
To provide a synthesis of diverse evidence on the impact of the non-therapeutic preventive measures, specifically quarantine, physical distancing and social isolation, on the control of COVID-19. A scoping review conducted in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CENTRAL and SCOPUS databases between 2019 and August 28th, 2020. The descriptors used were the following: "quarantine", "physical distancing", "social isolation", "COVID-19" and "SARS-Cov2". Studies that addressed the non-therapeutic preventive measures in people exposed to SARs-CoV-2 in community settings and health services were included. A total of 14,442 records identified through a database search were reduced to 346 studies and, after a standardized selection process, a total of 68 articles were selected for analysis. A total of 35 descriptive, cross-sectional or longitudinal observational studies were identified, as well as 3 reviews, in addition to 30 studies with mathematical modeling. The main intervention assessed was social distancing (56.6%), followed by lockdown (25.0%) and quarantine (18.4%). The main evidence analyzed points to the need for rapid responses to reduce the number of infections, deaths and hospital admissions, especially in intensive care unit beds.The current review revealed consistent reports that the quarantine, physical distancing and social isolation are effective strategies to contain spread of the new coronavirus.
RESUMO
Introdução: Universidades são ambientes propícios à disseminação de infecções respiratórias agudas de elevada transmissibilidade, como a COVID-19. Objetivo: Avaliar a aplicação das medidas de prevenção e controle da COVID-19 entre estudantes de uma comunidade universitária do Ceará, Brasil. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal desenvolvido junto aos estudantes da graduação de uma universidade pública do estado do Ceará, regularmente matriculados no semestre 2020.1, em atividades remotas (não presenciais). Para o cálculo da amostra, considerou-se uma população de 30.152 universitários, uma confiança de 95%, 3% de erro amostral e 50% de frequência esperada de uso das medidas de proteção e controle contra a COVID-19 (n = 1.031). Das 2.097 respostas recebidas, ocorreram 360 perdas e foram analisadas 1.737. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dezembro de 2020, por meio de questionário eletrônico, disponibilizado online, para esta finalidade. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva dos aspectos pesquisados. Resultados: Apesar de 91,2% dos universitários referirem que sempre usavam máscara ao sair de casa, somente 1,4% cumpriram com todas as recomendações para seu manuseio correto; 43,3% referiram lavar as mãos conforme as recomendações das autoridades sanitárias, mas outras medidas de higiene pessoal foram insuficientes; 65,4% referiram que costumavam sair para participar de atividades que não eram de extrema necessidade; e 70,0% eram usuários de transportes públicos. Conclusões: As evidências encontradas predispõem os universitários a riscos frente a COVID-19.
Introduction: Universities are favorable environments for the spread of highly transmissible acute respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Objective: To evaluate the application of COVID-19 prevention and control measures among students from a public university in the state of Ceará, Brazil. Method: This is a cross-sectional study developed with undergraduate students, regularly enrolled in semester 2020.1, in remote (non-face-to-face) activities. To calculate the sample, a population of 30,152 students was considered, a confidence of 95%, 3% sampling error and 50% expected frequency of use of protection and control measures against COVID-19 (n = 1,031). Of the 2,097 responses received, 360 were lost and 1,737 were analyzed. Data collection was carried out in December 2020, through an electronic questionnaire, available online, for this purpose. A descriptive analysis of the researched aspects was carried out. Results: Although 91.2% of students reported that they always wore a mask when leaving the house, only 1.4% complied with all the recommendations for its correct handling. 43.3% reported washing their hands according to the recommendations of the health authorities, but others' personal hygiene measures were insufficient; 65.4% reported that they used to go out to participate in activities that were not of extreme necessity; and 70.0% were public transport users. Conclusions: The evidence found predisposes university students to risks in the face of this pandemic.