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In a study addressing the high risk of chronic diseases in people with diabetes and obesity linked to metabolic syndrome, the impact of a Golden Berry diet was investigated using a diabetic animal model. Obese rats with diabetic characteristics were fed a diet containing five percent Golden Berry for 16 days. This study focused on various parameters including organ weights, expression of metabolic genes, and urinary biomarkers. Post-Golden Berry intake, there was a notable decrease in the body, liver, pancreas, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue weights in these obese, hyperglycemic rats. In contrast, an increase in brown adipose tissue (BAT) cell mass was observed. This diet also resulted in reduced blood glucose levels and normalized plasma biochemical profiles, including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels. Additionally, it modulated specific urinary biomarkers, particularly pipe-colic acid, a primary marker for type 2 diabetes. Bioinformatics analysis linked these dietary effects to improved insulin signaling and adipogenesis. Regular consumption of Golden Berry effectively prevented insulin resistance and obesity in rats, underscoring its significant health benefits and the protective role of an antioxidant-rich diet against metabolic syndrome. These findings offer promising insights for future therapeutic strategies to manage and prevent obesity and related chronic diseases.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Frutas , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome Metabólica , Physalis , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Biomarcadores , Glicemia/metabolismo , Doença Crônica , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Frutas/metabolismo , Insulina , Obesidade/metabolismoRESUMO
Goldenberry has great potential for the development of high-quality products due to its attractive sensory attributes, bioactive compounds, and health benefits. However, postharvest losses are high due to the lack of processing technologies that can both be adapted to rural conditions in producing countries to generate high-quality products. Flash vacuum expansion coupled with vacuum pulping is a new process that can meet these requirements. In the process, the steam holding time (30, 40, and 50 s/130 kPa) and flash vacuum expansion (5 ± 1.2 kPa) were studied. The logarithmic reduction of microbial load and some quality indicators were analyzed during the process and during storage to assess the shelf life of fruit purées. The FVE process with 40 s steam blanching led to a microbial reduction of over 6 log colony forming units (CFU)/g, increased yield and ß-carotene content, and preserved most of the AA content (4-12%). Based on the half-lives of the quality indicators, the shelf life of the purées was between 16 d (20 °C) and 90 d (4 °C). The energy consumption was estimated at approximately 0.30 kWh/kg of product. These results demonstrate that the FVE process, although it includes heat treatment, allows a short exposure to heat of the whole fruits to obtain a high-quality puree with an adequate shelf life in a single step, with a relatively low equipment investment and moderate energy consumption.
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Berry consumption is increasing worldwide due to their high content of bioactive compounds. However, such fruits have a very short shelf life. To avoid this drawback and to offer an effective alternative for its consumption at any time of the year, an agglomerated berry powder mix (APB) was developed. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of APB during a 6-months-period storage at 3 temperatures. The stability of APB was determined by moisture, aw, antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, vitamin C, color, phenolic profiles, and MTT assay. APB showed differences in antioxidant activity between 0 and 6 months. It experimented non-enzymatic browning, which was more remarkable at 35 °C. APB at time 0 exhibited growth inhibitory effects against HT-29 human cancer cells. Most properties were significantly modified by storage temperature and time, which induces a significant decreasing of bioactive compounds.
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O objetivo neste trabalho foi verificar a influência da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de ácido salicílico e distintas coberturas de solo no cultivo de physalis (Physalis peruviana L). O trabalho foi desenvolvido na área experimental da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul-PR. Foram utilizadas mudas de physalis produzidas em casa de vegetação. A campo foram submetidas a cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0, 0,001, 0,002, 0,003, 0,004 Mol L-¹), e três coberturas de solo (palhada de gramínea, eucalipto e testemunha sem palhada). Nas avaliações de pré-colheita, o delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x5. Para as avaliações pós-colheita o delineamento experimental foi 3x5x2, sendo considerado também o mês de colheita. Não houve interação entre os fatores para as variáveis analisadas. Para altura e diâmetro, presença de insetos, incidência e severidade de doenças foliares, somente o fator concentrações de ácido salicílico influenciou. Na pós-colheita somente o mês de colheita interferiu nos fatores, sendo a colheita de setembro com maior número e massa dos frutos, mas também o maior ataque de insetos e doenças. Concluiu-se com este trabalho que a aplicação de ácido salicílico influenciou no desenvolvimento de plantas de physalis.(AU)
The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the application of different concentrations of salicylic acid and different soil coverings in the cultivation of physalis (Physalis peruvianaL). The work was developed in the experimentalarea of the Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Laranjeiras do Sul-PR. Physalis seedlings produced in a greenhouse were used. The field was subjected to five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0,001, 0,002, 0,003, 0,004 Mol L-¹), and three soil coverings (grass straw, eucalyptus and control without straw). In the pre-harvest evaluations, the experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 3x5 factorial scheme. For post-harvest evaluations, the experimental design was 3x5x2, and the month of harvest was also considered. There was no interaction between the factors for the analyzed variables. For height and diameter increase and presence of insects, incidence and severity of leaf diseases, only the factor of salicylic acid influences. In the post-harvestperiod, only the month of harvest interfered in the factors, with the September harvest having the largest number and mass of fruits, but also the greatest attack by insects and diseases. It was concluded with this work that the application of salicylic acid influenced the development of physalis plants.(AU)
Assuntos
24444 , Análise do Solo , Salicilatos/efeitos adversos , Physalis/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) is an exotic fruit that is still little cultivated in Brazil when compared to other species. As a result, information related to management that can contribute to the development of the crop and pest control is scarce. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of spraying diatomaceous earth (DE) on the phytotechnical parameters of the crop and fruit quality, as well as on the induced resistance to arthropods pest in P. peruviana. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with five treatments, which refer to the concentrations of DE (T1 - 0 g L-1; T2 - 1 g L-1; T3 - 3 g L-1; T4 - 6 g L-1 and T5 - 9 g L-1) and eight blocks. Phytotechnical characteristics of the crop and quality (soluble solids) of the fruits were evaluated, as well as the induction of resistance by evaluating the incidence of arthropods pest. There was no significant difference between the DE concentrations for the phytotechnical and quality variables and those related to the feeding preference of herbivorous insects (number and percentage of leaves with holes). However, plants treated with DE were less preferred for oviposition by Bemisia tabaci and Lema bilineata, and fewer whitefly adults and L. bilineata larvae and adults were also recorded. Thus, it is concluded that DE has no effect on phytotechnical and quality parameters of physalis, but induces resistance against arthropods pest such as B. tabaci and L. bilineata.(AU)
Physalis peruviana (Solanaceae) é uma frutífera exótica ainda pouco cultivada no Brasil quando comparada a outras espécies. Em função disso, informações relacionadas ao manejo que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento da cultura e controle de pragas são escassas. Assim, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da pulverização da terra diatomácea (TD) nos parâmetros fitotécnicos da cultura e de qualidade dos frutos, bem como na resistência induzida a artrópodes-praga em P. peruviana. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos, que se referem as concentrações de TD (T1 - 0 g L-1; T2 - 1 g L-1; T3 - 3 g L-1; T4 - 6 g L-1 e T5 - 9 g L-1) e oito blocos. Foram avaliadas características fitotécnicas da cultura e de qualidade (sólidos solúveis) dos frutos, bem como a indução de resistência mediante avaliação da incidência dos artrópodes-praga. Não houve diferença significativa entre as concentrações de TD para as variáveis fitotécnicas, de qualidade e aquelas relacionadas à preferência alimentar dos insetos herbívoros (número e porcentagem de folhas com orifícios). Contudo, as plantas tratadas com TD foram menos preferidas para oviposição por Bemisia tabaci e Lema bilineata, sendo registrado também menor número de adultos da mosca-branca e de larvas e adultos de L. bilineata. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a TD não apresenta efeito nos parâmetros fitotécnicos e de qualidade da physalis, mas induz resistência contra artrópodes-praga como B. tabaci e L. bilineata.(AU)
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Animais , 24444 , Physalis , Terra de Diatomáceas/análise , Artrópodes/químicaRESUMO
There is increasing interest in research of secondary metabolites from Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry) because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the profile of compounds found in fruits and husks from Costa Rica was determined through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) on extracts (n = 10) obtained through pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions. In total, 66 different compounds were identified, comprising 34 withanolides, 23 sucrose ester derivatives and 9 flavonoids. UPLC-DAD analysis was performed to determine the ß-carotene in fruits and to quantify the flavonoids in all 10 samples, with the results showing higher contents in samples from the Dota region (58.6−60.1 µg/g of dry material versus 1.6−2.8 mg/g of dry material). The Folin−Ciocalteau total polyphenolic content (FC) and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method showed better results for the husk extracts, with the ones from the Dota region holding the best values (4.3−5.1 mg GAE/g of dry material versus IC50 = 1.6−2.3 mg of dry material/mL). In addition, a significant negative correlation was found between the RU, FC and DPPH values (r = −0.902, p < 0.05), aligning with previous reports on the role of polyphenols in antioxidant activity. Principal correlation analysis (PCoA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) analysis were performed on HRMS results, and they indicated that the D1 and D2 fruit samples from the Dota region were clustered with husks related to a higher presence of the analyzed metabolites. In turn, principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the flavonoid content and antioxidant activity yielded results indicating that the D1 and D2 husks and fruit samples from the Dota region stood out significantly, showing the highest antioxidant activity. In summation, our findings suggest that P. peruviana husks and fruits from Costa Rica constitute a substrate of interest for further studies on their potential health benefits.
Assuntos
Physalis , Ribes , Antioxidantes/química , Costa Rica , Flavonoides/química , Frutas/química , Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Lema bilineata Germar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was recently reported to damage Physalis peruviana crops in Brazil. Given the potential for inflicting damage on other Solanaceae species and the lack of alternatives for controlling this pest, we assessed the pathogenicity of 15 Beauveria isolates against L. bilineata adults in vitro. In addition, three of these isolates were tested for their ovicidal effect against L. bilineata eggs. Fungal strains were isolated from mummified corpses of L. bilineata collected in a non-commercial field in Paraná, Brazil. The isolates were identified as Beauveria bassiana using molecular markers. Lema bilineata adults were susceptible to conidial suspensions of all these isolates at a concentration of 108 conidia mL-1. Deaths caused by fungal extrusion were confirmed. Three strains were found to be more virulent against L. bilineata adults and showed ovicidal effects. This is the first study on entomopathogenic fungi isolated from dead insects collected from P. peruviana crops and tested against L. bilineata carried out in Brazil. The results obtained in the laboratory indicate the high potential of the use of three B. bassiana strains against L. bilineata as a biocontrol agent.
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Physalis peruviana is marketed without its calyx, which generates byproducts and a decrease in the shelf life of these fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of edible pectin-coatings reinforced with nanocellulose from calyx on the physical-chemical and physiological parameters of P. peruviana fruits during refrigerated storage (5 °C) for ten days. The nanocellulose extraction was carried out using a combined extraction method (chemical procedures and ultrasound radiation). The characterization of the fibers showed that the maximum degradation temperatures ranged between 300 and 311 °C. The SEM analysis revealed the presence of fibers after the chemical treatment. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose was validated using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the fruits treated with pectin and pectin reinforced with nanocellulose at 0.5 % (w/w) had an adequate visual appearance and showed a minor color change (ΔE of 19.04 and 21.04, respectively) and the highest retention of L∗ during storage. Although the addition of nanocellulose at 0.5% presented the lowest respiratory rate (29.60 mgCO2/kg h), the treatment with pectin offered the least weight loss and showed the highest firmness retention at the end of storage. Thus, the edible pectin-coating may be useful for improving the postharvest quality and storage life of fresh P. peruviana fruit. Nanocellulose from P. peruviana calyces can be used under the concept of a circular economy; although, its use as a reinforcement of pectin showed some limitations.
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PURPOSE: Golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) is an exotic fruit exported from Colombia to different countries around the world. A review of the literature tends to demonstrate a hypoglycaemic effect with an improvement in insulin sensitivity after oral ingestion of fruit extracts in animal models. However, little is known about their potential effects in humans, and very little is known about the mechanisms involved. This study aimed at identifying discriminant metabolites after acute and chronic intake of golden berry. METHOD: An untargeted metabolomics strategy using high-performance chemical isotope-labelling LC-MS was applied. The blood samples of eighteen healthy adults were analysed at baseline, at 6 h after the intake of 250 g of golden berry (acute intervention), and after 19 days of daily consumption of 150 g (medium-term intervention). RESULTS: Forty-nine and 36 discriminant metabolites were identified with high confidence, respectively, after the acute and medium-term interventions. Taking into account up- and downregulated metabolites, three biological networks mainly involving insulin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The biological intracellular networks identified are highly interconnected with the insulin signalling pathway, showing that berry intake may be associated with insulin signalling, which could reduce some risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Primary registry of WHO.
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Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Frutas/metabolismo , Insulina/sangue , Physalis , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Adulto , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Receptores ErbB/sangue , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Marcação por Isótopo , Masculino , Metaboloma , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/sangue , Período Pós-Prandial , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
ABSTRACT The high Andean areas present ecophysiological conditions suitable for the cultivation of many fruit species, especially of the Solanaceae family. The objective of this review is to present important ecophysiological information on four fruit trees grown in cold climates: Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.), lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.), and sweet cucumber o pear melon (Solanum muricatum Aiton). The cape gooseberry is a species well adapted to cold tropical climate, it is grown between 1,800 and 2,700m a.s.l., with temperatures of 13 to 16°C. It is highly adapted to high solar radiation and to the abrupt changes between the day and night temperatures. It requires a precipitation of 1,000 to 1,800mm year-1 uniformly distributed throughout the year, and is sensitive to water deficit but also to waterlogging and strong winds. The tree tomato, in Colombia, produces better from 1,800 to 2,600m a.s.l., with temperatures between 13 and 20°C, annual rainfall between 1,500 and 2,000mm, relative humidity around 80%, and solar brightness of 1,800 to 2,300 hours/year; it does not resist strong winds, water deficit or waterlogging. The lulo requires environments with high precipitation (1,000 to 2,800mm) and penumbra because it loses a lot of water through transpiration but waterlogging also affects it; it grows well in areas between 1,600 to 2,400m a.s.l. and 16 to 24°C, with photosynthesis rates up to of 34.03µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The sweet cucumber is of growing interest in many exotic fruit markets, it grows at 900-2,800m a.s.l. with temperatures <25°C and responds well to air enrichment with CO2.
RESUMEN Las zonas altoandinas presentan condiciones ecofisiológicas aptas para el cultivo de muchas especies frutales, especialmente, de la familia Solanaceae. El objetivo de este artículo de revisión de literatura fue reunir la información ecofisiológica importante sobre cuatro frutales, cultivados en clima frío: uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum Cav.), lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) y pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Aiton). La uchuva es una especie bien adaptada a clima frio, se cultiva entre los 1.800 y 2.700m s.n.m., con temperaturas de 13 a 16°C. Es altamente adaptada a una elevada radiación solar y al cambio brusco entre la temperatura del día y de la noche. Requiere una precipitación de 1.000 a 1.800mm año-1, distribuido uniformemente durante el año; es sensible al déficit hídrico, pero también al encharcamiento y a los fuertes vientos. El tomate de árbol, en Colombia, produce mejor de 1.800 a 2.600m s.n.m., con temperaturas entre 13 y 20°C, con una precipitación anual entre 1.500 y 2.000mm y humedad relativa alrededor del 80%, con un brillo solar de 1.800 a 2.300 horas/año; no resiste vientos fuertes, déficit hídrico, ni anegamiento. El lulo requiere ambientes con alta precipitación (1.000 a 2.800mm) y penumbra, porque pierde mucha agua por transpiración, pero el anegamiento también lo afecta; crece bien en zonas entre 1.600 a 2.400m s.n.m. y 16 a 24°C, con tasas de fotosíntesis hasta de 34,03µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. El pepino dulce está generando un creciente interés en muchos mercados de los frutos exóticos, crece en 900-2.800m s.n.m., con temperaturas <25°C y responde bien al enriquecimiento con CO2.
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Bacillus velezensis Bs006 has shown antagonistic activity on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali and biocontrol activity against Fusarium wilt (FW) in golden berry (Physalis peruviana). We hypothesized that strain Bs006 has the ability to synthesize antimicrobial cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) like other members of the same species. However, if so, the real effects of CLPs on F. oxysporum f. sp. physali and their potential as a biocontrol tool against Physalis-FW have not been elucidated. In this study the CLPs profile of Bs006 in liquid culture and antagonist-plant-pathogen interactions were characterized. Also, the potential effects of supernatant free of bacteria against F. oxysporum f. sp. physali and FW were explored and compared with the effects of pure CLPs. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the capacity of Bs006 to synthesize homologous compounds of iturins, surfactins, and fengycins in liquid culture and on the inhibition zone against F. oxysporum f. sp. physali in dual confrontation tests. Bs006 supernatant reduced the germination and growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. physali and caused vacuolization, swelling, and lysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. physali cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Pure fengycins affected the development of F. oxysporum f. sp. physali from 11 mg/liter and iturins from 21 mg/liter. In a gnotobiotic system, Bs006 colonized the root surface of golden berry, inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. physali, and produced CLPs. Individual application of Bs006 and supernatant protected the plants from F. oxysporum f. sp. physali infections by 37 to 53%, respectively. Meanwhile, fengycins reduced the disease progress by 39%. These results suggest further studies to select an optimum combination of Bs006 and supernatant or CLPs, which might be a good option as biofungicide against F. oxysporum f. sp. physali.
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Fusarium , Physalis , Bacillus , Frutas , Lipopeptídeos/farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Rutin is the rutinose conjugate of quercetin. It presents several biological activities and is the major flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of the calyces of Physalis peruviana L. It also shows hypoglycemic activity after oral administration. The aim of this work was to study the matrix effects of the extract from P. peruviana calyces on the pharmacokinetics of rutin and its metabolites in Wistar rats, using non-compartmental and population pharmacokinetic analyses. A pharmacokinetic study was performed after intravenous and oral administration of different doses of pure rutin and the extract. In the non-compartmental analysis, it was found that rutin from the extract exhibited higher distribution and clearance, as well as an 11-fold increase in the bioavailability of its active metabolites. A population pharmacokinetic model was also carried out with two compartments, double absorption and linear elimination, in which the extract and the doses were the covariates involved. This model correctly described the differences observed between rutin as a pure compound and rutin from the extract, including the dose dependency.
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Resumen En este trabajo se caracteriza y compara citogenéticamente Physalis peruviana "aguaymanto" de poblaciones cultivadas de la región Cajamarca: San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba. El número cromosómico más frecuente en las tres poblaciones fue 2n = 4x = 48 con frecuencias de 60, 50 y 34% en las poblaciones de San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba respectivamente. En menor frecuencia se encontró casos de aneuploidía somática. Los resultados permitieron distinguir cada población a partir de su fórmula cariotípica 17m+4sm+3t, 24m y 20m+2sm+2t que identifican a San Pablo, Celendín y Cajabamba respectivamente. Los cariotipos fueron caracterizados por la longitud total del complemento haploide (HCL) y los índices de simetría (S%), asimetría (A) y asimetría intra e intercromosómica (A1 y A2). El mayor valor de HCL se describió en San Pablo. Celendín presentó el mayor grado de simetría (S%=53.226 y A= 0.177), mientras que los cariotipos de San Pablo y Cajabamba fueron descritos como los más asimétricos. Se concluye que la condición más frecuente es la tetraploidía; aunque se evidencia diferente morfología cromosómica entre los cariotipos de las tres poblaciones.
Abstract In this work, we characterized cytogenetically Physalis peruviana "aguaymanto" and cultivated populations of the Cajamarca region: San Pablo, Celendín and Cajabamba are compared. The most frequent chromosomal number in the three populations was 2n = 4x = 48 with frequencies of 60, 50 and 34% in San Pablo, Celendín and Cajabamba respectively. Few cases of somatic aneuploidy were found. Our results let distinguish the populations by its karyotypic formula 17m + 4sm + 3t, 24m and 20m + 2sm + 2t (San Pablo, Celendín and Cajabamba respectively). Karyotypes were characterized by the total length of the haploid complement (HCL) and the indices of symmetry (S%), asymmetry (A) and intra and interchromosomal asymmetry (A1 and A2). The highest value of HCL was described in San Pablo. Celendín presented the highest degree of symmetry (S% = 53.226 and A = 0.177), while the karyotypes of San Pablo and Cajabamba were described as the most asymmetric. We concluded that the tetraploidy is most frequent condition; although there is evidence of different chromosomal morphology between the three populations.
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The cultivation of non-traditional fruits has gained ground in the horticulture sector, but which, in certain situations, are plants that require previous studies related to soil adaptability, climate, and irrigation water quality. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity on Physalis peruviana L. (fisális) plants in the different growth phases. The experimental area was installed on the premises of the Federal University of Campina Grande, adopting a casualized block design, with four saline levels of irrigation water (0.3; 1.2; 2.1 and 3.0 dS m-1) and five repetitions per treatment. The variables analyzed were: stem diameter, plant height and number of leaves every 15 days, leaf area at 55 days after transplanting, number of side branches, number of flower buds, number of flowers, average fruit weight, polar diameter, and equatorial diameter of fruits, number of fruits per plant and productivity. According to the results, the plants were tolerant to saline levels of irrigation water of up to 3.0 dS m-1, without prejudice to the phenological and productive characteristics of the crop. The unitary increase in the salinity of the irrigation water did not result in damage to the physiological characteristics of the plants until the 60 days of transplanting. (AU)
O cultivo de frutas não tradicionais tem ganhado espaço no setor de hortifrútis, mas que, em determinadas situações, são plantas que requerem estudos prévios relacionados a adaptabilidade de solo, clima e qualidade da água de irrigação. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação em plantas de Physalis peruviana L. (fisális) nas distintas fases de crescimento. A área experimental foi instalada nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, adotando o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro níveis salinos da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,2; 2,1 e 3,0 dS m-1) e cinco repetições por tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: diâmetro do caule, altura das plantas e número de folhas a cada 15 dias, área foliar aos 55 dias após o transplantio, número de ramos laterais, número de botões florais, número de flores, peso médio dos frutos, diâmetro polar e diâmetro equatorial dos frutos, número de frutos por planta e produtividade. Conforme os resultados, as plantas se mostraram tolerantes a níveis salinos da água de irrigação de até 3,0 dS m-1, sem prejuízos nas características fenológicas da cultura e produtivas. O aumento unitário da salinidade da água de irrigação não resultou em danos nas características fisiológicas das plantas até os 60 dias de transplantio. (AU)
Assuntos
Physalis , Plantas Tolerantes a Sal , Produtos AgrícolasRESUMO
Exogenous glycine betaine (GB) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application has not been explored to mitigate waterlogging stress in Andean fruit trees. The objective of this study was to evaluate foliar GB or H2O2 application on the physiological behavior of Cape gooseberry plants under waterlogging. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first trial, the treatment groups were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 25, 50, or 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. The treatments in the second trial were: (1) plants without waterlogging and with no foliar applications, (2) plants with waterlogging and without foliar applications, and (3) waterlogged plants with 100 mM of H2O2 or GB, respectively. In the first experiment, plants with waterlogging and with exogenous GB or H2O2 applications at a dose of 100 mM showed higher leaf water potential (-0.5 Mpa), dry weight (1.0 g), and stomatal conductance (95 mmol·m-2·s-1) values. In the second experiment, exogenously supplied GB or H2O2 also increased the relative growth rate, and leaf photosynthesis mitigating waterlogging stress. These results show that short-term GB or H2O2 supply can be a tool in managing waterlogging in Cape gooseberry.
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OBJECTIVES: The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) categorizes active pharmaceutical ingredients according to their solubility and permeability properties, which are susceptible to matrix or formulation effects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the matrix effects of a hydroethanolic extract of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. (HEE) and its butanol fraction (BF), on the biopharmaceutics classification of their major compound, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin, RU). METHODS: Rutin was quantified by HPLC-UV, and Caco-2 cell monolayer transport studies were performed to obtain the apparent permeability values (Papp ). Aqueous solubility was determined at pH 6.8 and 7.4. KEY FINDINGS: The Papp values followed this order: BF > HEE > RU (1.77 ± 0.02 > 1.53 ± 0.07 > 0.90 ± 0.03 × 10-5 cm/s). The lowest solubility values followed this order: HEE > RU > BF (2.988 ± 0.07 > 0.205 ± 0.002 > 0.189 ± 0.005 mg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, rutin could be classified as BCS classes III (high solubility/low permeability) and IV (low solubility/low permeability), depending on the plant matrix. Further work needs to be done in order to establish how apply the BCS for research and development of new botanical drugs or for bioequivalence purposes.
Assuntos
Flores/química , Glucosídeos/química , Glucosídeos/classificação , Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Quercetina/análogos & derivados , Rutina/química , Rutina/classificação , Biofarmácia/classificação , Butanóis/química , Células CACO-2 , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Etanol/química , Flores/metabolismo , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Humanos , Intestinos/fisiologia , Extração Líquido-Líquido , Permeabilidade , Extratos Vegetais/metabolismo , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/classificação , Quercetina/metabolismo , Rutina/metabolismo , SolubilidadeRESUMO
Goldenberry is a wild fruit that has been widely used for centuries, mainly in folk medicine. Most studies of goldenberry have focused on the fruit, but new research has studied its byproducts, which were considered to be waste until recently. The main objective of our study was to systematize the published information regarding the composition of goldenberry byproducts (calyces, leaves, seeds, and pomace) and their effects on biological systems. Goldenberry byproducts contain minerals, amino acids, withanolides, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, thus representing good sources of these compounds. Some of their major biological effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative effects. Information regarding their toxicity is also presented here. To determine the optimal dosage, further safety studies would be recommended to ensure the best health benefits of these compounds. The available evidence has demonstrated the nutritional value of different byproducts of goldenberry, suggesting them to be potential candidates for use in the cosmetic industry, in the preparation of functional foods, and in phytomedicine for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of some diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assuntos
Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Aminoácidos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Frutas/química , Alimento Funcional/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
Scientifically-based, tephritid fly host status determination lies at the heart of strategic regulatory decisions impinging on international fruit trade. Here we conducted intensive field and laboratory studies with peaches as controls, to determine the host status of Physalis peruviana for the Medfly-Ceratitis capitata, as this fruit is experiencing a consumption boom worldwide. A total of 98,132 Uchuvas (local name), collected in Colombia from the plant or the ground over a three-year period (2016-2018) did not yield a single C. capitata larva or pupa, thus reaching a Probit 9 level with 99.9968% efficacy and 96% confidence level. Field-cage studies with enclosed fruit-bearing Uchuva plants, exposing fruit with an intact, damaged or totally removed husk to the attack of C. capitata, also failed to yield infestations. Highly artificial choice experiments, exposing gravid females to unripe and fully ripe fruit, resulted in an absence of infestations, even when overripe Uchuvas were artificially damaged. The husk and surface resins/waxes inhibit fly landings on fruit and oviposition activity. Considering our results and the fact that the foliage, husk and fruit of P. peruviana are repellent/toxic to insects, we conclude that this plant should be treated as a non-natural and non-conditional host of C. capitata.
RESUMO
Physalis peruviana L. é uma espécie de interesse comercial pertencente à família Solanaceae, cultivada preferencialmente em ambiente sombreado, que ainda apresenta cultivo restrito a pequenas áreas no Brasil e por isso demanda estudos mais aprofundados. As plantas são diretamente afetadas por fatores ambientais tais como estresse hídrico , temperatura, radiação, dentre outros. Estes fatores afetam não só os órgãos vegetativos, mas também estruturas reprodutivas, podendo acarretar danos às plantas agronomicamente exploradas. Diante da necessidade de sombreamento apresentado pela cultura o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar o grão de pólen e verificar a influência de malhas fotoconversoras utilizadas no sombreamento sobre a morfologia dos grãos de pólen desta espécie. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, onde três repetições de duas plantas foram cultivadas a pleno sol e sob malhas fotoconversoras nas colorações branca, azul, vermelha e preta. O pólen de flores em antese foi coletado, processado e fotografado em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). O diâmetro polar, diâmetro equatorial e área do pólen foram medidos em dez grãos de pólen. Os resultados demonstraram que grãos de pólen de P. peruviana são isopolares, radiais, de formato prolato-esferoidal e tamanho mediano. Também verificou-se aumento da área do grão de pólen quando cultivado em sombreamento com malha fotoconversora branca e a pleno sol.
Physalis peruviana L. is a species of commercial interest belonging to the Solanaceae family, cultivated preferentially in shaded environment, which still has cultivation restricted to small areas in Brazil and therefore requires further studies. Plants are directly affected by environmental factors such as drought, temperature, radiation, among others. These factors affect not only the vegetative organs, but also reproductive structures, which may cause damage to agronomically explored plants. With the need for shading presented by the crop, the present work aimed to characterize the pollen grain and to verify the influence of shade nets used in shading on the morphology of pollen grains of this species. The work was developed at the Lavras Federal University, where three replications of two plants were cultivated under full sun and under shadenets white, blue, red and black. Flower anthesis pollen was collected, processed and photographed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Polar diameter, equatorial diameter and pollen area were measured in ten pollen grains. The results showed that P. peruviana pollen grains are isopolar, radial, prolato-spheroidal in shape and medium in size. There was also an increase in pollen grain area when cultivated in shading with white shade net and in full sun.
Assuntos
Gametogênese Vegetal , Physalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pólen/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Physalis peruviana L. é uma espécie de interesse comercial pertencente à família Solanaceae, cultivada preferencialmente em ambiente sombreado, que ainda apresenta cultivo restrito a pequenas áreas no Brasil e por isso demanda estudos mais aprofundados. As plantas são diretamente afetadas por fatores ambientais tais como estresse hídrico , temperatura, radiação, dentre outros. Estes fatores afetam não só os órgãos vegetativos, mas também estruturas reprodutivas, podendo acarretar danos às plantas agronomicamente exploradas. Diante da necessidade de sombreamento apresentado pela cultura o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar o grão de pólen e verificar a influência de malhas fotoconversoras utilizadas no sombreamento sobre a morfologia dos grãos de pólen desta espécie. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras, onde três repetições de duas plantas foram cultivadas a pleno sol e sob malhas fotoconversoras nas colorações branca, azul, vermelha e preta. O pólen de flores em antese foi coletado, processado e fotografado em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). O diâmetro polar, diâmetro equatorial e área do pólen foram medidos em dez grãos de pólen. Os resultados demonstraram que grãos de pólen de P. peruviana são isopolares, radiais, de formato prolato-esferoidal e tamanho mediano. Também verificou-se aumento da área do grão de pólen quando cultivado em sombreamento com malha fotoconversora branca e a pleno sol.(AU)
Physalis peruviana L. is a species of commercial interest belonging to the Solanaceae family, cultivated preferentially in shaded environment, which still has cultivation restricted to small areas in Brazil and therefore requires further studies. Plants are directly affected by environmental factors such as drought, temperature, radiation, among others. These factors affect not only the vegetative organs, but also reproductive structures, which may cause damage to agronomically explored plants. With the need for shading presented by the crop, the present work aimed to characterize the pollen grain and to verify the influence of shade nets used in shading on the morphology of pollen grains of this species. The work was developed at the Lavras Federal University, where three replications of two plants were cultivated under full sun and under shadenets white, blue, red and black. Flower anthesis pollen was collected, processed and photographed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Polar diameter, equatorial diameter and pollen area were measured in ten pollen grains. The results showed that P. peruviana pollen grains are isopolar, radial, prolato-spheroidal in shape and medium in size. There was also an increase in pollen grain area when cultivated in shading with white shade net and in full sun.(AU)