RESUMO
Resumo Fundamento: Sabe-se que a rigidez aórtica (RA) aumenta em pacientes com disfunção erétil (DE). Os inibidores da enzima fosfodiesterase tipo 5 (PDE-5) são usados no tratamento da DE, e as respostas dos pacientes a esse tratamento podem variar. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi investigar o papel da RA na previsão da resposta de pacientes planejados para tomar inibidores da enzima PDE-5 devido à DE. Métodos: Um total de 96 pacientes do sexo masculino com DE foram incluídos no estudo. O questionário do Índice Internacional de Função Erétil (IIEF) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença e gravidade da DE e a resposta ao tratamento. A ecocardiografia transtorácica foi utilizada para avaliar RA. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores de deformação aórtica e distensibilidade aórtica dos grupos de estudo (p<0,001). O escore delta IIEF apresentou alto nível de correlação positiva com a deformação aórtica (p<0,01, r=0,758) e um nível moderado de correlação positiva com a distensibilidade aórtica (p<0,01, r=0,574). Conclusão: Determinamos que em pacientes com DE, a deformação aórtica e a distensibilidade aórtica medidas de forma não invasiva por meio de ecocardiografia transtorácica são parâmetros importantes na previsão da resposta dos pacientes à terapia com inibidores da PDE-5.
Abstract Background: It is known that aortic stiffness (AS) increases in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE-5) enzyme inhibitors are used in the treatment of ED, and patients' responses to this treatment may vary. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the role of AS in predicting the response of patients planned to take PDE-5 enzyme inhibitors due to ED. Methods: A total of 96 male patients with ED were included in the study. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to evaluate the presence and severity of ED and the response to treatment. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to evaluate AS. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the aortic strain and aortic distensibility values of the study groups (p<0.001). The delta IIEF score had a high level of positive correlation with aortic strain (p<0.01, r=0.758) and a moderate level of positive correlation with aortic distensibility (p<0.01, r=0.574). Conclusion: We determined that in patients with ED, aortic strain and aortic distensibility measured non-invasively using transthoracic echocardiography are important parameters in predicting patients' response to PDE-5 inhibitor therapy.
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Objective: The treatment with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors was postulated in heart failure (HF). We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis on their beneficial and adverse effects in patients with HF. Method: A meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating the chronic use of PDE-5 inhibitors in patients with HF was conducted. Endpoints included death, HF hospitalizations, functional capacity, pulmonary pressures, quality of life, and adverse effects. Random-effects models were used to pool outcomes. Categorical data were summarized with relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), and continuous data with weighted mean differences and standardized mean differences. Results: Sixteen studies (1119 participants) were included. No effect was observed on mortality (RR: 1.16; 95%CI: 0.50-2.66; I2: 0.0%) or HF hospitalizations (RR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.41-1.37; I2: 38.7%). Treatment significantly reduced pulmonary systolic pressure (-10.64 mmHg; 95%CI: -5.14 to -16.15 mmHg; I2: 96.0%), and increased peak oxygen consumption (2.06 ml/kg/min; 95%CI: 0.40-3.72; I2: 89.6%), although with high inconsistency. There were no significant effects on quality of life (-0.15; 95%CI: -0.48-0.18; I2: 0.0%). On the other hand, the risk of headaches was increased (RR: 1.63; 95%CI: 1.11-2.39; I2: 0.0%). Publication bias was identified for HF hospitalizations. Conclusions: Current data suggest that PDE-5 inhibitors therapy does not improve prognosis or quality of life among HF patients. Hemodynamic and functional effects could be relevant, and more studies are necessary to define its role.
Objetivo: El tratamiento con inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5 (iFDE-5) fue postulado en la insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis sobre sus efectos beneficiosos y adversos en pacientes con IC. Método: Metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evaluaron el uso crónico de iFDE-5 en pacientes con IC. Los criterios de valoración finales incluyeron la muerte, las hospitalizaciones por IC, la capacidad funcional, las presiones y las resistencias pulmonares, la calidad de vida y los efectos adversos. Se utilizaron modelos de efectos aleatorios para agrupar los resultados. Los datos categóricos fueron resumidos como riesgos relativos (RR) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%), y los datos continuos como diferencias de medias ponderadas y diferencias de medias estandarizadas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 16 estudios (1119 participantes). No se observaron efectos sobre la mortalidad (RR: 1,16; IC95%: 0.50-2.66; I2: 0.0%) ni sobre las hospitalizaciones por IC (RR: 0,75; IC95%: 0.41-1.37; I2: 38.7%). El tratamiento redujo significativamente la presión sistólica pulmonar (−10,64 mmHg; IC95%: −5.14 a −16.15 mmHg; I2: 96.0%) e incrementó el consumo máximo de oxígeno (2.06 ml/kg/min; IC95%: 0.40-3.72 ml/kg/min; I2: 89.6%), aunque con elevada inconsistencia. No se detectaron efectos significativos sobre la calidad de vida (−0.15; IC95%: −0.48-0.18; I2: 0.0%). Por otra parte, aumentó el riesgo de cefaleas (RR: 1.63; IC95%: 1.11-2.39; I2: 0.0%). Se identificó un sesgo de publicación para las hospitalizaciones por IC. Conclusiones: Los datos actuales sugieren que el tratamiento con iFDE-5 no mejora el pronóstico ni la calidad de vida de los pacientes con IC. Los efectos hemodinámicos y funcionales podrían ser relevantes, y son necesarios más estudios para definir su rol.
Assuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5i) are considered the first line therapy for erectile dysfunction. All PDE5i available on the market are structurally related; their main differences relate to their pharmacokinetic parameters. For these treatments to be effective and safe, it is necessary that these drugs are in the appropriate doses and that they reach adequate concentrations in the plasma. For this purpose, it is essential to perform therapeutic monitoring using bioanalytical methods. In this way, the present work aimed to develop and validate a new bioanalytical method, based on LC-MS/MS, for the simultaneous quantification of six commercially available PDE5i (avanafil, lodenafil, sildenafil, tadalafil, udenafil, and vardenafil). For this purpose, the human plasma was extracted with diethyl ether and sulfaquinoxaline was established as an internal standard. Separation was achieved using an Xbridge C18 column at 40 °C as the stationary phase, using water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase (both with formic acid and ammonium formate) in gradient mode. The method was validated according to the current guidelines and was found to be selective, linear (from 1 to 200 ng.mL-1 for all drugs except for tadalafil which is from 5 to 200 ng.mL-1), precise, accurate, and free of residual and matrix effects. The drugs were considered stable in plasma and in solution under different conditions. The method was applied to volunteerssamples, demonstrating that the method can be used routinely and may be useful in future studies on pharmacokinetics and therapeutic monitoring.
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Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 5/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Adulto , Monitoramento de Medicamentos , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a 21st century pandemic and is often associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this integrative review was to analyze the cardioprotective effects of phosdodiesterase-5 (PDE5i) inhibitors in experimental diabetes models. The articles were selected from the PubMed, SciELO and LILACS databases from 2014 to 2019. The following descriptors were used in combination with the Boolean operators: Diabetes mellitus experimental AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; Diabetic cardiomyopathies AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. An initial sample of 155 articles was obtained, of which six met the criteria for the synthesis of the review. The studies analyzed showed that treatment with PDE5i in experimental models, resulted in positive effects on cardiac function and metabolic parameters. Similar results have also been seen in humans. The reduction in cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, pro-inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and the modulation of transcription factors involved in diabetes homeostasis, were prevalent among studies. The mechanisms of action involved in cardioprotection have not yet been fully elucidated, however the restoration of the activated cyclic guanosine monofate (cGMP) pathway by soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) via nitric oxide (NO) was a common mechanism among the studies.
O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é considerado uma pandemia do século XXI e está frequentemente associado às doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi analisar os efeitos cardioprotetores de inibidores da fosdodiesterase 5 (PDE5i) em modelos de diabetes experimental. Os artigos foram selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, SciElo e LILACS no período de 2014 a 2019. Foram utilizados os seguintes descritores combinados com os operadores booleanos: Diabetes mellitus experimental AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors; Diabetic cardiomyopathies AND Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. Foi obtida uma amostra inicial de 155 artigos, dos quais seis se enquadraram nos critérios para a síntese da revisão. Os estudos analisados evidenciaram que o tratamento com os PDEi5 em modelos experimentais, resultou em efeitos positivos sobre a função cardíaca e parâmetros metabólicos. Resultados semelhantes também foram observados em humanos. A redução da hipertrofia cardíaca, apoptose de cardiomiócitos, fatores pró-inflamatórios e estresse oxidativo e a modulação de fatores de transcrição envolvidos na homeostasia do diabetes, foram achados prevalentes entre os estudos. Os mecanismos de ação envolvidos na cardioproteção ainda não foram totalmente elucidados, contudo a restauração da via da guanosina monofato cíclica ativada (GMPc) pela Guanilato ciclase solúvel (GCs) via Óxido Nítrico (NO) foi um mecanismo comum entre os estudos.
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Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Doenças não TransmissíveisRESUMO
Resumo Fundamento A resistência vascular pulmonar elevada ainda é um grande problema na seleção de candidatos ao transplante cardíaco. Objetivo Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de sildenafila pré-transplante cardíaco em pacientes com hipertensão pulmonar fixa. Métodos O estudo retrospectivo, de centro único, incluiu 300 candidatos a transplante cardíaco consecutivos tratados entre 2003 e 2013. Destes, 95 pacientes tinham hipertensão pulmonar fixa e, dentre eles, 30 pacientes foram tratados com sildenafila e acabaram passando pelo transplante, formando o Grupo A. O Grupo B incluiu 205 pacientes sem hipertensão pulmonar que passaram pelo transplante cardíaco. A hemodinâmica pulmonar foi avaliada antes do transplante, 1 semana e 1 ano após o transplante. A taxa de sobrevivência foi comparada entre os grupos. Neste estudo, um P valor < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Após o tratamento com sildenafila, mas antes do TxC, a RVP (-39%) e a PAPs (-10%) diminuíram significativamente. A PAPs diminuiu após o TxC em ambos os grupos, mas permaneceu significativamente alta no grupo A em relação ao grupo B (40,3 ± 8,0 mmHg versus 36,5 ± 11,5 mmHg, P=0,022). Um ano após o TxC, a PAPs era 32,4 ± 6,3 mmHg no Grupo A versus 30,5 ± 8,2 mmHg no Grupo B (P=0,274). O índice de sobrevivência após o TxC 30 dias (97% no grupo A versus 96% no grupo B), 6 meses (87% versus 93%) e um ano (80% versus 91%) após o TxC não foi estatisticamente significativo (Log-rank P=0,063). Depois do primeiro ano, o índice de mortalidade era similar entre os dois grupos (sobrevivência condicional após 1 ano, Log-rank p=0,321). Conclusão Nos pacientes com HP pré-tratados com sildenafila, a hemodinâmica pós-operatória inicial e o prognóstico são numericamente piores em pacientes sem HP, mas depois de 1 ano, a mortalidade em médio e longo prazo são semelhantes. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):219-226)
Abstract Background Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance remains a major problem for heart transplant (HT) candidate selection. Objective This study sought at assess the effect of pre-HT sildenafil administration in patients with fixed pulmonary hypertension. Methods This retrospective, single-center study included 300 consecutive, HT candidates treated between 2003 and 2013, in which 95 patients had fixed PH, and of these, 30 patients were treated with sildenafil and eventually received a transplant, forming Group A. Group B included 205 patients without PH who underwent HT. Pulmonary hemodynamics were evaluated before HT, as well as 1 week after and 1 year after HT. Survival was compared between the groups. In this study, a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results After treatment with sildenafil but before HT, PVR (-39%) and sPAP (-10%) decreased significantly. sPAP decreased after HT in both groups, but it remained significantly higher in group A vs. group B (40.3 ± 8.0 mmHg vs 36.5 ± 11.5 mmHg, p=0.022). One year after HT, sPAP was 32.4 ± 6.3 mmHg in group A vs 30.5 ± 8.2 mmHg in group B (p=0.274). The survival rate after HT at 30 days (97% in group A versus 96% in group B), at 6 months (87% versus 93%) and at one year (80% vs 91%) were not statistically significant (Log-rank p=0.063). After this first year, the attrition rate was similar among both groups (conditional survival after 1 year, Log-rank p=0.321). Conclusion In patients with severe PH pre-treated with sildenafil, early post-operative hemodynamics and prognosis are numerically worse than in patients without PH, but after 1 year, the medium to long-term mortality proved to be similar. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):219-226)
Assuntos
Humanos , Transplante de Coração , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Citrato de Sildenafila , HemodinâmicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess the benefit-risk ratio on the efficacy and safety of all phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in men with erectile dysfunction. METHODS: A systematic review with network meta-analysis, surface under the cumulative ranking analysis and stochastic multicriteria acceptability analyses were performed. Searches were conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science without limits for time-frame or language. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy or safety of any PDE5i compared to a placebo or to other PDE5i in males with erectile disfunction were included. RESULTS: Overall, 184 articles representing 179 randomized controlled trials (50,620 patients) were included. All PDE5i were significantly more efficient than placebo. Sildenafil 25 mg was statistically superior to all interventions in enhancing IIEF (with a 98% probability of being the most effective treatment), followed by sildenafil 50 mg (80% of probability). Taladafil 10 mg and 20 mg also presented good profiles (73% and 76%, respectively). Avanafil and lodenafil were less effective interventions. Mirodenafil 150 mg was the treatment that caused more adverse events, especially flushing and headaches. Sildenafil 100 mg was more related to visual disorders, while vardenafil and udenafil were more prone to cause nasal congestion. CONCLUSION: Sildenafil at low doses and tadalafil should be the first therapeutic options. Avanafil, lodenafil and mirodenafil use are hardly justified given the lack of expressive efficacy or high rates of adverse events.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Humanos , Masculino , Metanálise em Rede , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Background Erectile dysfunction is associated with old age, some morbidities and the use of certain medications. Objective To identify the treatments and drugs related to worsening sexual activity in patients with erectile dysfunction. Setting Patients diagnosed with erectile dysfunction during 2018. Methods This cross-sectional study of a population database identified all drug prescriptions of patients with erectile dysfunction during 2018. Main outcome measure The identification of other comorbidities and potentially inappropriate drugs that could worsen erectile dysfunction. Results A total of 2999 patients with erectile dysfunction (mean age 59.6 ± 12.1 years) were identified. A total of 88.2% received pharmacological treatment for erectile dysfunction, mainly tadalafil (70.5%). A total of 47.6% of all patients received at least one medication associated with worsening erectile dysfunction, especially hydrochlorothiazide (17.0%), metoprolol (7.9%) and sertraline (6.7%). Residing in Cali (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.52-22.27) or Bucaramanga (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.39-33.58), having 3 or more chronic comorbidities (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.04-2.24) and presenting psychiatric (OR 5.5; 95% CI 3.70-8.17), cardiovascular (OR 3.48; 95% CI 2.79-4.33), genitourinary (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.05-1.64) pathologies or chronic kidney failure (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.18-2.21) elevated the probability of receiving these prescriptions. Conclusions The pharmacological treatment of erectile dysfunction was in accordance with the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines, but the high proportion of potentially inappropriate prescriptions makes it necessary to promote educational and pharmacovigilance strategies that improve the prescription habits of physicians involved in caring for this group of patients.
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Disfunção Erétil , Estudos Transversais , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Erétil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prescrição Inadequada , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Posttraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) affects patients at different ages and may lead to functional limitation and joint replacement, with total hip arthroplasty, which is a costly procedure. Proposed methods to optimize ischemic tissue regeneration have been reported. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors act by inhibiting the degradation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in the nitric oxide pathway, increasing its bioavailability and promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated neovascular recruitment and the induction of tissue regeneration in the traumatized bone. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old) were subjected to an experimental model of traumatic ONFH divided into two groups, according to the administration of 5 mg/kg sildenafil or water (control group). Rats were then killed at 7, 14, and 21 days. Histological (Goldner's trichrome), histochemical (periodic acid-Schiff [PAS]), and immunohistochemical (VEGF and osteopontin [OPN]) techniques were used to quantify bone and vascular responses. Higher levels of VEGF (p < 0.01) and OPN (p < 0.01) immunostaining in the epiphysis, the greater formation of osteoid tissue (p < 0.01 on Day 7; p < 0.05 on Day 14), and higher levels of PAS staining (p < 0.01 on Day 7) were observed in the sildenafil-treated group. The present study demonstrated that sildenafil optimized bone tissue regeneration by increasing VEGF signaling and OPN expression, with increased bone formation (osteoid and carbohydrate macromolecule deposition) in the early stages following traumatic ischemic insult. Thus, sildenafil treatment may improve the prognosis of patients with osteonecrosis.
Assuntos
Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur , Cabeça do Fêmur , Animais , Regeneração Óssea , Nucleotídeo Cíclico Fosfodiesterase do Tipo 5 , Cabeça do Fêmur/patologia , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/tratamento farmacológico , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/patologia , Humanos , Isquemia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Citrato de Sildenafila/farmacologia , Citrato de Sildenafila/uso terapêutico , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ideally, vasodilator therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) should have a favorable impact on markers of vascular dysfunction, in addition to their known effects on hemodynamics, cardiac function, and patient's physical capacity. METHODS: We analyzed circulating (plasma) markers of endothelial and platelet activation/dysfunction (enzyme-linked immunoassays) in the specific setting of advanced PAH associated with congenital heart disease, during the course of sildenafil and tadalafil therapies. Thirty-one patients were enrolled (age 10-54 years), most of them with chronic hypoxemia and elevated hematocrit. Drugs were administered orally for 6 months (sildenafil [n = 16], 20 mg t.i.d.; tadalafil [n = 15], single daily dose of 40 mg). Measurements were performed at baseline, and 90 and 180 days. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients had elevated baseline ß-thromboglobulin (ß-TG, P = .002), P-selectin (P = .027), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA, P = .009), and von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag, P = .010). Thrombomodulin was importantly reduced (TM, P < .001), while soluble CD40 Ligand was not changed (P = .320). Tadalafil administration was associated with improvement of ß-TG (P = .004), t-PA (P = .003) and TM (P = .046) levels, while P-selectin was improved by sildenafil treatment only (P = .034). VWF:Ag improved transiently in the sildenafil group (P = .019). Both therapies were associated with improvement of the physical capacity (functional class and distance walked during the 6-minute test, P < .05), hematocrit and hemoglobin level (P < .05), and health-related quality of life (physical and mental components, P < .05). CONCLUSION: In PAH associated with congenital heart disease, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors seem to have beneficial actions at microcirculatory level, beyond the proposed effects as vasodilators.
Assuntos
Cardiopatias Congênitas/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Microcirculação/efeitos dos fármacos , Circulação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar/fisiologia , Citrato de Sildenafila/administração & dosagem , Tadalafila/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Criança , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Ventrículos do Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/etiologia , Hipertensão Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Imagem Cinética por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Microcirculação/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/administração & dosagem , Circulação Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Propulsora Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) as medical expulsive therapy (MET) for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A search strategy was conducted in the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and Embase databases. Searches were also conducted in other databases and unpublished literature. Clinical trials were included without language restrictions. The risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. An analysis of random effects due to statistical heterogeneity was conducted. The primary outcome was the expulsion rate of the distal ureteral calculus in 28 days. The secondary outcomes were the time to expulsion, side effects of treatment, and amount (mg) of nonopioid analgesia. The measure of the effect was the risk difference (RD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The planned interventions were PDE5i vs. placebo, tadalafil vs. placebo, and tadalafil vs. tamsulosin. RESULTS: Four articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Records of 580 patients were found among the four studies. A low risk of bias was shown for the majority of the study items. The calculi expulsion rate had an RD of 0.26 (95% CI, 0.15-0.37) and a less prolonged expulsion as a secondary outcome with a mean difference of -4.39 days (95% CI, -6.69 to -2.09) in favor of PDE5i compared with the placebo. No significant difference was found for these outcomes when comparing tadalafil with tamsulosin. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with a placebo, PDE5i could be effective as MET for the treatment of distal ureter calculi.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Cálculos Ureterais/tratamento farmacológico , Agentes Urológicos/uso terapêutico , Analgesia/métodos , Humanos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/efeitos adversos , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Tadalafila/uso terapêutico , Tansulosina , Agentes Urológicos/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of group psychotherapy and the use of a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE-5i) in the early rehabilitation stage of patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Fifty-six patients undergoing RP for prostate cancer were randomised into four groups, and 53 completed the protocol: Group 1 - control (n = 11), Group 2 - group psychotherapy (n = 16), Group 3 - lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 12) and Group 4 - group psychotherapy + lodenafil 80 mg/one tablet per week (n = 14). The groups were individually evaluated for erectile function (IIEF-5) and quality of life - QoL (SF-36) weekly, with two meetings held a week apart before the RP and 12 weekly meetings after surgery. The ages ranged from 39 to 76 years, average 61.84. There were no significant medication side effects. Only Group 4 showed improvement in intimacy with a partner and satisfaction with their sex life (P = 0.045 and P = 0.013 respectively), and with no significant worsening of the IIEF-5 (P = 0.250) reported. All groups showed worsening in the final result of the role limitations caused by physical problems (P = 0.009) and role limitations caused by emotional problems (P = 0.002) of the SF-36, but Group 4 had a significantly higher score for the role limitations caused by physical problems (P = 0.009) than the other groups. In conclusion, precocious integral treatment involving group psychotherapy and PDE-5i before and after RP led to less deterioration of erectile function and other domains related to physical aspects (SF-36), with improvement in intimacy with their partner and satisfaction in their sex life, being superior to single treatments.
Assuntos
Carbonatos/uso terapêutico , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Ereção Peniana/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Psicoterapia , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Carbonatos/farmacologia , Terapia Combinada , Disfunção Erétil/etiologia , Disfunção Erétil/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ereção Peniana/psicologia , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Prostatectomia/psicologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/psicologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
En cardiología clínica y experimental, los inhibidores de fosfodiesterasa-5 (PDE-5) han atraído el interés científico en años recientes como herramienta terapéutica para el tratamiento de la HAP. Las fosfodiesterasas son una superfamilia de enzimas que inactivan el adenosín monofosfato cíclico y el guanosín monofosfato cíclico, los segundos mensajeros de la prostaciclina y del óxido nítrico. El razonamiento para utilizar los inhibidores de PDE-5 en HAP se basa en su relativa selectividad por la circulación pulmonar y en su capacidad para sobreexpresar la vía del óxido nítrico por inhibición de la hidrólisis del guanosín monofosfato cíclico e incrementar sus concentraciones, lo cual produce efectos vasodilatadores, antiproliferativos y proapoptóticos que pueden revertir el remodelado vascular pulmonar. Además, pueden aumentar el inotropismo ventricular derecho al incrementar el adenosín monofosfato cíclico mediado por la inhibición de la fosfodiesterasa tipo 3 sensible al guanosín monofosfato cíclico. El sildenafil, el tadalafil y el vardenafil son 3 inhibidores de PDE-5 actualmente en uso clínico que comparten similar mecanismo de acción aunque presentan algunas diferencias significativas en potencia, selectividad por la PDE-5 y propiedades farmacocinéticas. Para el tratamiento de la HAP en pacientes en clase funcional II y III (NYHA/WHO), el sildenafil fue aprobado por la Food and Drug Administration y la European Medicines Agency en 2005; y tadalafil por la Food and Drug Administration y la European Medicines Agency en 2009. En México, el sildenafil y el tadalafil recibieron la aprobación por parte de la Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios para la misma indicación en 2010 y 2011 respectivamente.
In experimental and clinical cardiology, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have brought scientific interest as a therapeutic tool in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management in recent years. Phosphodiesterases are a superfamily of enzymes that inactivate cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the second messengers of prostacyclin and nitric oxide. The rationale for the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in PAH is based on their capacity to overexpresss the nitric oxide pathway pursued inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate hydrolysis. By increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels it promotes vasodilation, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects that may reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. There is also evidence that these drugs may directly enhance right ventricular contractility through an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated by the inhibition of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate -sensitive PDE-3. Sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil are 3 specific PDE-5 inhibitors in current clinical use, which share similar mechanisms of action but present some significant differences regarding potency, selectivity for PDE-5 and pharmacokinetic properties. Sildenafil received approval in 2005 by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency and tadalafil in 2009 by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of PAH in patients classified as NYHA/WHO functional class II and III. In Mexico, sildenafil and tadalafil were approved by Comisión Federal de Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios for this indication in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , /uso terapêutico , Citrato de Sildenafila/uso terapêutico , Tadalafila/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
La disfunción eréctil es la incapacidad de lograr o mantener una erección del pene para la penetración vaginal y el desempeño sexual satisfactorio; se la considera el segundo problema más frecuente de disfunción sexual en hombres, después de la eyaculación precoz, con una prevalencia aproximada del 30%. La mayoría de los casos de disfunción eréctil tienen origen orgánico, principalmente por enfermedades vasculares, pero también está asociada a factores psicológicos, neurológicos u hormonales, o a alteraciones estructurales. La terapia farmacológica con inhibidores de la 5-fosfodiesterasa ha tenido eficacia clínica, pero hay pacientes que no responden a ella. Por tal razón se recurrió a las ondas de choque de baja intensidad que mejoran la vascularización y el flujo sanguíneo del pene con lo que se logran erecciones que permiten mejorar la calidad de la vida sexual. En esta revisión se incluyen diferentes estudios que demuestran la efectividad de este tratamiento.
Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or sustain a penile erection for vaginal penetration and satisfactory sexual performance. It is the second most frequent problem of sexual dysfunction in men, after premature ejaculation, with an approximate prevalence rate of 30%. Most cases of erectile dysfunction have an organic origin, mostly vascular diseases, but it is also associated with psychological, neurological, and hormonal factors, or with structural alterations of the penis. Therapy with 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitors has been clinically effective, but some patients do not respond to it. Lowintensity shock waves may improve penile vascularity and blood flow, leading to better erections, and improvement of the quality of sexual performance. In this review several studies are included that show the effectiveness of this treatment for erectile dysfunction.
A disfunção eréctil é a incapacidade de conseguir ou manter uma ereção do pénis para a penetração vaginal e o desempenho sexual satisfatório; se a considera o segundo problema mais frequente de disfunção sexual em homens, depois da ejaculação precoce, com uma prevalência aproximada de 30%. A maioria dos casos de disfunção eréctil têm origem orgânica, principalmente por doenças vasculares, mas também está associada a fatores psicológicos, neurológicos ou hormonais, ou a alterações estruturais. A terapia farmacológica com inibidores da 5-fosfodiesterasa teve eficácia clínica, mas há pacientes que não respondem a ela. Por tal razão se recorreu às ondas de choque de baixa intensidade que melhoram a vascularização e o fluxo sanguíneo do pénis com o que se conseguem ereções que permitem melhorar a qualidade da vida sexual. Nesta revisão se incluem diferentes estudos que demonstram a efetividade deste tratamento.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas , Ereção Peniana , Disfunção Erétil , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
In experimental and clinical cardiology, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors have brought scientific interest as a therapeutic tool in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) management in recent years. Phosphodiesterases are a superfamily of enzymes that inactivate cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, the second messengers of prostacyclin and nitric oxide. The rationale for the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in PAH is based on their capacity to overexpresss the nitric oxide pathway pursued inhibition of cyclic guanosine monophosphate hydrolysis. By increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels it promotes vasodilation, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects that may reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling. There is also evidence that these drugs may directly enhance right ventricular contractility through an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated by the inhibition of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate -sensitive PDE-3. Sildenafil, tadalafil and vardenafil are 3 specific PDE-5 inhibitors in current clinical use, which share similar mechanisms of action but present some significant differences regarding potency, selectivity for PDE-5 and pharmacokinetic properties. Sildenafil received approval in 2005 by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency and tadalafil in 2009 by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of PAH in patients classified as NYHA/WHO functional class II and III. In Mexico, sildenafil and tadalafil were approved by Comisión Federal de Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios for this indication in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Citrato de Sildenafila/uso terapêutico , Tadalafila/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is a multifactorial disease characterized by blood pressure (BP) levels above goal (140/90 mmHg) in spite of the concurrent use of three or more antihypertensive drugs of different classes. Moreover, it is well known that RHTN subjects have high prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), which leads to increased risk of heart failure progression. This review gathers data from studies evaluating the effects of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors (administration of acute sildenafil and short-term tadalafil) on diastolic function, biochemical and hemodynamic parameters in patients with RHTN. Acute study with sildenafil treatment found that inhibition of PDE-5 improved hemodynamic parameters and diastolic relaxation. In addition, short-term study with the use of tadalafil demonstrated improvement of LVDD, cGMP and BNP-32 levels, regardless of BP reduction. No endothelial function changes were observed in the studies. The findings of acute and short-term studies revealed potential therapeutic effects of IPDE-5 drugs on LVDD in RHTN patients.
A Hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR) é uma doença multifatorial caracterizada por níveis pressóricos acima das metas (140/90 mmHg), a despeito de tratamento farmacológico otimizado de 3 ou mais fármacos anti-hipertensivos de diferentes classes. Pacientes diagnosticados como hipertensos resistentes apresentam alta prevalência de disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) que proporciona risco aumentado para insuficiência cardíaca. Esta revisão reúne dados de estudos prévios avaliando os efeitos dos inibidores de fosfodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) (administração aguda de sildenafil e de curto prazo de tadalafil) na função diastólica e nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hemodinâmicos em pacientes com HAR. O estudo agudo com sildenafil demonstrou que a inibição da PDE-5 melhorou os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e de relaxamento diastólico. Além disso, o estudo curto prazo com o uso de tadalafil revelou melhora da DDVE e dos níveis de GMPc e BNP-32, independente de redução de pressão arterial. A função endotelial não apresentou alteração com ambos os tratamentos. Os resultados dos estudos agudo e de curto prazo sugerem efeitos terapêuticos potenciais dos fármacos inibidores da PDE-5 na disfunção diastólica em pacientes com HAR.
Assuntos
Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca Diastólica/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , /uso terapêutico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/tratamento farmacológico , Carbolinas/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Diástole/efeitos dos fármacos , Insuficiência Cardíaca Diastólica/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Ilustração Médica , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Purinas/uso terapêutico , Citrato de Sildenafila , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Tadalafila , Resultado do Tratamento , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
La base del tratamiento de la disfunción eréctil (DE) son los inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5, disponibles mayoritariamente para dosificación a demanda. En 2008 la FDA aprobó el Tadalafilo 5 mg de uso diario. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad del Tadalafilo 5 mg de uso diario para el tratamiento de la DE y la satisfacción de los pacientes frente a su uso. PACIENTES Y METODOS: Se reclutaron pacientes con DE entre Junio de 2011 y Mayo de 2012. Se registraron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y andrológicos. La DE se clasificó según el puntaje del cuestionario IIEF. Todos los pacientes iniciaron tratamiento diario con Tadalafilo 5 mg y fueron reevaluados luego de un mes. La satisfacción y calidad de vida se evaluó con cuestionarios validados (EDITS, SEAR y GAQ). Para el análisis estadístico se consideró significativo un P<0.05.RESULTADOS: Se reclutaron 49 pacientes con edad promedio de 59,9 +/- 8,8 años. Un 14,3 por ciento presentaba DE severa, 36,7 por ciento moderada, 36,7por ciento leve-moderada y 12,2 por ciento leve. Al mes de tratamiento, el puntaje IIEF aumentó significativamente (P<0.0005), encontrándose un 18,4 por ciento sin DE, 53,1 por ciento con DE leve, 28,6 por ciento con DE leve-moderada y ninguno con DE moderada o grave. El 87,7 por ciento de los pacientes refirió mejores erecciones y el 81,6 por ciento una mejor capacidad para mantener la relación sexual. La satisfacción global con el tratamiento fue de 64,1 por ciento. CONCLUSIÓN: El tratamiento diario con Tadalafilo 5 mg es efectivo para el manejo de la DE y se asocia a niveles adecuados de satisfacción y confianza al cabo de un mes de tratamiento.
The base of the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) are the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, mostly available for on demand dosing. In 2008, the FDA approved Tadalafil 5mg for daily use. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of Tadalafil 5 mg daily dose for the treatment of ED and the patients satisfaction with its use. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with ED were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012. Sociodemographic, clinical and andrologic data was recorded. The severity of ED was classified according to the score of the IIEF questionnaire. All patients started daily treatment with Tadalafil 5 mg and were reevaluated after one month. Satisfaction and quality of life was assessed using validated questionnaires (EDITS, SEAR and GAQ). A P<0.05 was considered significant in all statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 49 patients were enrolled, with mean age of 59.9 +/- 8.8 years. A 14.3 ´percent suffered severe ED, 36.7 percent moderate, 36.7 percent mild-moderate and 12.2 percent mild. After one month, the IIEF score significantly increased (P<0.0005), finding a 18.4 percent of patients without ED, 53.1 percent with mild ED, 28.6 percent with mild-moderate ED and no cases with moderate or severe ED. 87.7 percent of patients reported better erections and 81.6 percent stated a better capacity to maintain erections during. The global satisfaction rate with the treatment was of 64.1 percent. CONCLUSION: The treatment with daily dose of Tadalafil 5 mg is effective for the management of ED and is associated with adequate levels of satisfaction and confidence after one month of use.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Disfunção Erétil/psicologia , Disfunção Erétil/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/administração & dosagem , Tadalafila/administração & dosagem , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Seguimentos , Satisfação do PacienteRESUMO
A disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (DDVE) e a hipertrofia ventricular são consideradas marcadores frequentes para lesão cardíaca e fatores de risco de progressão para insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), especialmente em pacientes com hipertensão arterial resistente (HAR). A redução dos níveis pressóricos arteriais pode melhorar a disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo e os sintomas de insuficiência cardíaca. Entretanto, frequentemente esta redução não é atingida nos pacientes com HAR. Inibidores da fosfodiesterase 5 (PDE5) apresentam efeitos vasodilatadores discretos e, recentemente, se demonstrou que a administração de sildenafil a ratos hipertensos melhorou a disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo, através de ação direta sobre os miócitos cardíacos, evidenciando a presença de PDE5 neste tecido. Objetivo: Avaliar se o uso de um inibidor de PDE5 de longa duração (tadalafil) melhora a DDVE em pacientes com HAR de maneira independente de outros mecanismos secundários. Casuística e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo intervencionista, cego, controlado por placebo, cruzado de uma via, incluindo 19 pacientes com HAR e DDVE. Inicialmente, receberam por via oral uma dose diária de placebo por 14 dias, com realização de medidas da pressão arterial de consultório e MAPA, avaliação da função endotelial (técnica de FMD), ecocardiograma e medidas de concentrações sanguíneas de BNP-32, GMPc e nitrito, antes e após o período de administração. Posteriormente, repetimos o mesmo procedimento, mas substituindo o placebo por tadalafil 20mg por dia. Ao final, as variáveis obtidas foram comparadas antes e após os usos de tadalafil e placebo, utilizando-se o método t de student pareado, com ?<0,05.
Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) remain frequent markers of cardiac damage and risk of progression to symptomatic heart failure (HF), especially in resistant hypertension (RHTN). Lowering BP may improve diastolic function and relieve HF symptoms; however, very often this target is not achieved in RHTN subjects. PDE-5 inhibitors have mild systemic vasodilatory effects, and recently, we demonstrated that administration of sildenafil in hypertensive rats improves LVDD, acting in cardiac myocytes with PDE5 expression in this tissue. Objective: To analyze if a long-acting PDE-5 inhibitor (tadalafil) may be clinically useful for improving LVDD in RHTN patients. Methods: We developed a single- blinded, placebo-controlled, one-way crossover, interventional study that enrolled 19 patients with RHTN and LVDD. At first, subjects were given a placebo daily oral dosage, for 2 weeks and they were submitted to blood pressure measurements (both ABPM and office), endothelial function (FMD) assessment, echocardiographic study and plasmatic BNP-32, cGMP and nitrite levels, before and after this 2-week period. Next, subjects were submitted to the same protocol receiving tadalafil (20 mg) orally instead of placebo. Variables were compared before and after placebo and tadalafil administration, using the paired student's t-test. The level of significance (?) accepted was less than 0.05.