RESUMO
Ruhlandiella is a genus of exothecial, ectomycorrhizal fungi in the order Pezizales. Ascomata of exothecial fungi typically lack a peridium and are covered with a hymenial layer instead. Ruhlandiella species have nonoperculate asci and highly ornamented ascospores. The genus was first described by Hennings in 1903 to include the single species, R. berolinensis. Since then, mycologists have uncovered Ruhlandiella species in many locations around the globe, including Australia, Spain, Italy, and the USA. Currently, there are four recognized species: R. berolinensis, R. peregrina, R. reticulata, and R. truncata. All were found near Eucalyptus or Melaleuca trees of Australasian origin. Recently, we discovered two new species of Ruhlandiella in Nothofagaceae forests in South America. They regularly form mitotic spore mats directly on soil in the forests of Patagonia. Here, we formally describe these new species and construct the phylogeny of Ruhlandiella and related genera using a multilocus phylogenetic analysis. We also revise the taxonomy of Ruhlandiella and provide an identification key to accepted species of Ruhlandiella.
Assuntos
DNA Fúngico/genética , Micorrizas/classificação , Micorrizas/genética , Filogenia , Argentina , Chile , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Florestas , Micorrizas/isolamento & purificação , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies of true morels (Morchella) in North America, the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru led to the discovery of four undescribed species of Morchella. Two new species in the Elata clade, one from the Dominican Republic, initially distinguished by the informal designation Mel-18, and a newly discovered sister species from northern Arizona, are now recognized. Mel-18 is described as a novel phylogenetically distinct species, M. hispaniolensis. Its sister species from Arizona is described as M. kaibabensis, also recovered as an endophyte of Rocky Mountain juniper. Two additional species in the Esculenta clade, M. peruviana discovered in Peru and M. gracilis (previously reported as Mes-14) from the Dominican Republic, Venezuela, and Ecuador, are described as new. We also demonstrate that scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of ascospores using rehydration/dehydration/critical point drying preparation techniques provides for enhanced resolution of spore wall surfaces, thereby increasing the number of morphological traits available to assess differences among otherwise closely related species.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/classificação , Filogenia , América , Arizona , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Equador , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Peru , Fenótipo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Esporos Fúngicos/ultraestrutura , VenezuelaRESUMO
Se registra por primera vez al género Morchella Dill. ex Pers. (Ascomycota, Pezizales), único representante de la familia Morchellaceae para la micobiota Colombiana. El ascocarpo fue recolectado en un bosque muy húmedo premontano, en la vereda Santa Helena, municipio de Gachalá, departamento de Cundinamarca. El espécimen es descrito e ilustrado con fotografías y se aporta información sobre su distribución, ecología y sustrato de crecimiento. La identidad taxonómica del ejemplar es discutida de acuerdo al concepto morfológico tradicional establecido en la literatura micológica. Con este reporte, en Colombia el orden Pezizales queda constituido por 17 especies contenidas en 12 géneros y 7 familias.
The genus Marchella Dill. ex Pers. (Ascomycota, Pezizales) is registered for the first time as the only representative of the Morchellaceae family for the Colombian mycobiota. The ascocarp was collected in a cloud montane forest, in the village of Santa Helena, municipality of Gachalá, department of Cundinamarca. The specimen is described and illustrated with photographies, and information on distribution, ecology and growth substrate is provided. The taxonomic identity of the specimen is discussed according to the traditional morphological concept established in the mycological literature. With this report, the order Pezizales in Colombia is constituted by 17 species contained in 12 genera and 7 families.