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Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has become a serious threat to public health owing to its rapid spread from aerosols from infected people. Despite being considered a strictly human disease, there are reports in the literature about animals with confirmed presence of the virus. Aim: Owing to the scarcity of scientific literature on the potential for infection of animals and their importance for One Health, the objective of this work was to research SARS-CoV-2 RNA in felines (Felis silvestris catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) domiciled. Materials and Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from domestic dogs and cats belonging to patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from August to October 2021 and residents of the northwest and west regions of Paraná, Brazil. Results: Of the 34 samples collected, 14 were from dogs and 20 from cats. Three of these samples tested positive in real-time PCR, and two of them were also positive in the immunochromatographic test. After testing positive in real-time PCR, the samples underwent genetic sequencing using the Illumina COVIDSeq test. Of the 34 samples collected, three (9%), all of them female and from the feline species, tested positive in real-time PCR, with two of these (67%) also testing positive in the immunochromatographic test. Regarding sequencing, it was possible to sequence the three samples aligned with the AY.101 lineage, corresponding to the Delta variant. Conclusion: The occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in dogs and cats is seen as an unintended event with significant implications for public health, including its potential transmission to other animal species. Further research is required to enhance our understanding of how this disease spreads among these animals and its broader impact on One Health initiatives.
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COVID-19 , Gatos , Cães , Animais de Estimação , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Gatos/virologia , Cães/virologia , Brasil , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/virologia , Paraguai , Animais de Estimação/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , SARS-CoV-2/classificação , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , FemininoRESUMO
This study examines household pets as potential epidemiological links between environments contaminated with pathogenic leptospires and humans in Santa Fe, Argentina. The aims of our study were: (a) to characterize the habits and exposure to environmental sources of leptospirosis in the population of dogs and cats attending to municipal spay and neutering campaigns in Santa Fe, Argentina, (b) to assess the seroprevalence of anti-Leptospira antibodies in asymptomatic dogs and cats, (c) to evaluate factors that could increase seropositivity, and (d) to identify spatial clusters of seropositive dogs and cats in the capital city of Santa Fe. From May to November 2022, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted during municipal spaying/neutering campaigns. Eligible household dogs and cats were over 6 months old, apparently healthy, and not vaccinated against leptospirosis in the past 6 months. We used microagglutination test (MAT) to assess anti-Leptospira antibodies using a panel of 10 reference strains. We used generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) to examine individual and census tract-level risk factors for seropositivity, and local Moran's I statistic for spatial clusters. Results showed higher leptospiral antibody prevalence in dogs (18.2â¯%) than cats (3.6â¯%, p = 0.002). Dogs with street access had higher likelihood of being seropositive (OR: 3.8, 95â¯% CI: 1.2; 11.9), and areas with chronic poverty showed an elevated risk of presenting seropositive animals (RR: 4.0, 95â¯% CI: 1.1; 14.4). Spatial analysis didn't reveal significant seropositivity clusters among census tracts. These findings shed light on widespread Leptospira seropositivity in pets in this endemic region. Understanding seroprevalence and risk factors can guide public and veterinary health strategies, emphasizing increased leptospirosis vaccination for dogs in vulnerable areas and promoting responsible pet care.
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Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Leptospira , Leptospirose , Animais , Cães , Gatos , Leptospirose/veterinária , Leptospirose/epidemiologia , Leptospirose/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Leptospira/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Doenças Endêmicas/veterinária , Cidades/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This article provides an overview of the development of exotic animal medicine in Latin America (LATAM), highlighting its historical evolution, current evidence, and future considerations. The practice of exotic animal medicine began in the 1970s and 1980s. The lack of knowledge and scientific resources led to the extrapolation of veterinary care for exotic species from human and companion animal medicine. However, from the 21st century onwards, globalization and collaboration among veterinary professionals have allowed greater access to knowledge and techniques for the treatment of exotic species in LATAM.
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Animais Exóticos , Medicina Veterinária , Animais , Medicina Veterinária/tendências , México , América do Sul , América Central , História do Século XXRESUMO
The global presence of SARS-CoV-2 in household pets is acknowledged, yet documentation remains scarce, leaving many regions unexplored. Thus, our study sought to fill this gap by investigating SARS-CoV-2 presence in dogs visiting veterinary clinics during the third pandemic peak in eastern Colombia. We collected and analyzed 43 oropharyngeal and rectal swabs using real-time PCR assays targeting the Envelope Gene of SARS-CoV-2. Out of these, two dogs tested positive, indicating an infection rate of 4.7%. Further examination through complete sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the lineage B.1.621 for the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Consequently, our study unveils the first documented cases of Canis lupus familiaris infected with the Mu variant of SARS-CoV-2, the variant with the most death burden during the whole pandemic in Colombia. Remarkably, these cases presented mild and reversible respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, or no clinical manifestations at all. This sheds light on the virus's interaction with our four-legged companions, offering valuable insights into its transmission dynamics and potential effects on animal health.
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COVID-19 , Doenças do Cão , Hospitais Veterinários , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Cães , Colômbia/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , COVID-19/virologia , COVID-19/transmissão , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Filogenia , Masculino , FemininoRESUMO
SARS-CoV-2's rapid global spread caused the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Alongside humans, domestic dogs and cats are also susceptible to infection. However, limited reports on pet infections in Chile prompted a comprehensive study to address this knowledge gap. Between March 2021 and March 2023, the study assessed 65 pets (26 dogs and 39 cats) from 33 COVID-19+ households alongside 700 nasal swabs from animals in households with unknown COVID-19 status. Using RT-PCR, nasal, fecal, and environmental samples were analyzed for the virus. In COVID-19+ households, 6.06% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, belonging to 3 dogs, indicating human-to-pet transmission. Pets from households with unknown COVID-19 status tested negative for the virus. We obtained 2 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from animals, that belonged to Omicron BA.4.1 variant, marking the first report of pets infected with this lineage globally. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences clustered with human sequences collected in Chile during the same period when the BA.4.1 variant was prevalent in the country. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Chilean pets was relatively low, likely due to the country's high human vaccination rate. Our study highlights the importance of upholding and strengthening human vaccination strategies to mitigate the risk of interspecies transmission. It underscores the critical role of the One Health approach in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, calling for further research on infection dynamics and risk factors for a comprehensive understanding.
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COVID-19 , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Humanos , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Chile/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Filogenia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Animais de EstimaçãoRESUMO
LGBTQ+ people tend to experience prejudice, stigma, and discrimination, which increases their risk of developing mental health difficulties. Support networks, including companion animals, can be used to cope with these challenges. We performed a systematic review of studies related to the effects of human-animal interactions on the LGBTQ+ population. The review included 18 empirical studies; the findings showed that participants tended to view companion animals as family members, as well as providers of love, acceptance, and social support. Thus, companion animals could alleviate stress and increase resilience. However, certain costs were also cited and, under some circumstances, poorer health was observed. The results are discussed considering three unique aspects of the "LGBTQ+ people-animal bond": (1) it promotes self-acceptance, (2) provides a sense of protection against sexuality-based stigma and social acts of aggression based on sex or gender, and (3) exposes animal guardians requesting animal care services to potential discrimination. By characterizing the LGBTQ+ people-animal bond, more effective responses to meet their needs and promote inclusion may be achieved.
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Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Humanos , Animais , Animais de Estimação , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Sexualidade/psicologia , Identidade de GêneroRESUMO
We investigated the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium among the children (n = 188), dogs (n = 133), and cats (n = 55) living in 188 households. Fecal samples were examined using ELISA and confirmed via nested PCR. Coproantigens oocysts were detected in 3.7% of children, 8.3% of dogs, and 5.5% of cats. We found strong evidence of two cases of the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium canis between children and dogs. Furthermore, four children and their respective pets (one dog and three cats) were infected with Cryptosporidium parvum, but we cannot exclude the hypotheses that the oocysts were transmitted from children to animals or that both hosts were infected by a shared source, such as contaminated water or food. The presence of an infected animal elevated the risk of zoonotic transmission by 129.7-fold (95% CI: 13.92-1209.68). Furthermore, sharing a bed with pets was identified as a risk factor for infection in children (OR: 9.9, 95% CI: 1.37-71.2). In conclusion, the zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium among children and pets cohabiting in the same household may be quite common, especially when infected animals lie or sleep on children's beds. These findings unequivocally highlight the public health concern surrounding C. canis.
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BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase is a biomarker for poisonings by anticholinesterase agents, but its reference values are scarce, and possible interaction with collars containing parasiticides has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the serum cholinesterase activity of healthy dogs without a history of contact with anticholinesterase agents and healthy animals exposed to commercial collars containing organophosphate. METHODS: Ninety-nine dogs were used and included healthy animals without recent exposure to anticholinesterase agents and healthy animals previously exposed to diazinon collars. Serum quantification of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuchE) through spectrophotometry was conducted on all samples. In experiment 1, BuchE activity was quantified at time 0 and 7 days after, a time when the samples were kept at -18°C. In experiment 2, sampling times were 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 days. RESULTS: Time 0 values were 4622.38 ± 1311.53 U/L. After 7 days, a significant decay was observed, with a mean of 3934.45 ± 1430.45 U/L. Spearman's test was performed, finding a weak correlation between ALT, creatinine, total plasma proteins, age, weight, red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, and BuchE activities. In experiment 2, the mean at time 0 was 4753 ± 454.8 U/L. With exposure to the collar, there was a decay of up to 93% after 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Normality values of serum BuchE in healthy dogs without a history of exposure to anticholinesterase agents were 4360.8-4883.96 U/L. Freezing serum caused a decrease in BuchE activity. Exposure to commercial collars containing diazinon also reduced BuchE activity without clinical signs, indicating that previously exposed animals should be evaluated carefully.
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Butirilcolinesterase , Diazinon , Cães , Animais , Diazinon/toxicidade , Inibidores da Colinesterase/toxicidade , OrganofosfatosRESUMO
The management of the thermal environment to which dogs are exposed should be included in strategies to improve their welfare. An online questionnaire was administered to 624 owners of Siberian Husky dogs residing in Brazil, with the objective of assessing their perceptions regarding their dogs' capacity to adapt to heat, and its association with the owners' routine care. Owners who believed that dogs are low-heat-tolerant animals were more likely to report heat response behaviors from their dogs. Overall, owners reported walk with their dogs during early morning, late afternoon and nighttime. They also reported solar radiation as the primary criteria for determining the time to walk with their dogs. However, owners who reported walking with their dogs at noon mentioned time availability as their primary criteria. In conclusion, owners perceive Siberian Husky dogs living in Brazil as being poorly adapted to heat, and this perception appeared to influence their positive attitudes towards protecting their dogs from heat stress by choosing to walk them during times with less solar exposure. However, the lack of time for owners to walk with their dogs during cooler periods can still be a risk factor in exposing the animals to extreme hot conditions.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate how relationships between guardians and domestic animals were established and their possible effects during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected by completing an online questionnaire. Throughout the national territory, 2002 people completed the questionnaire, while respecting social distancing from January 20, 2021, to March 20, 2021. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were 'to own pets' or 'those who had them during the period of quarantine' in Brazil. The data obtained were treated qualitatively through discourse analysis and content analysis, while the quantitative data were tabulated by the questionnaire application platform itself. RESULTS: The results showed that 97% of the participants were affected by the coronavirus pandemic in Brazil and that of these, 95.5% stated that their pet was important to overcome and bear bad feelings during the period of social isolation. It was possible to observe through the participants' reports through the online questionnaire that the relationships with their pets were deepened during the pandemic period, and that these had an important role in overcoming bad emotions caused by social distancing. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that due to these relationships, behaviors such as anxiety and sadness were reduced and the pets themselves also showed an increase in affective behaviors in relation to their guardians.
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COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Humanos , Animais Domésticos , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , PandemiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis is a potentially severe disease that can be associated with infectious agents such as Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetti, Tropheryma whipplei, and some fungi. CASE PRESENTATION: Reported here are two cases of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis in patients with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation in Brazil; the first case is a 47-year-old white man and the second is a 62-year-old white woman. Bartonella henselae deoxyribonucleic acid was detectable in the blood samples and cardiac valve with vegetation paraffin-fixed tissue samples. Additionally, an investigation was carried out on patients' pets, within the context of One Health, and serum samples collected from cats and dogs were reactive by indirect immunofluorescence assay. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the frequency of bartonellosis in Brazil is unknown, physicians should be aware of the possibility of blood culture-negative infective endocarditis caused by Bartonella, particularly in patients with weight loss, kidney changes, and epidemiological history for domestic animals.
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Infecções por Bartonella , Bartonella henselae , Bartonella , Endocardite Bacteriana , Endocardite , Humanos , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Endocardite Bacteriana/microbiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/complicações , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Endocardite/complicaçõesRESUMO
SARS-CoV-2 was a worldwide threat during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the state of Mato Grosso had the second highest mortality rate in Brazil, with 427. 4 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. However, no large-scale study among dogs and cats in such highly infected areas of Brazil has so far been conducted. Accordingly, the present study reports on a serosurvey among dogs and cats in Cuiabá, capital of Mato Grosso from November 2020 to July 2021, where the human mortality rate was 605/100,000 at that time. Overall, 33/762 dogs (4.3%) and 4/182 cats (2.2%) were found to be seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 through ELISA, and 3/762 dogs (0.4%) and 3/182 cats (1.6%) were seropositive through the serum neutralization test. Cats presented higher seroprevalence with higher titers of neutralizing antibodies. Although N-protein based ELISA may be a good screening test, cross-reactivity with other canine coronaviruses may impair its diagnostic use among dogs.
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SARS-CoV-2 can infect pets under natural conditions, which raises questions about the risk factors related to the susceptibility of these animals to infection. The status of pet infection by SARS-CoV-2 in Mexico is not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the frequency of positive household cats and dogs to viral RNA and antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 during the second wave of human infections in Mexico, and to recognize the major risk factors related to host and pet ownership behaviour. We evaluated two study groups, cats and dogs from COVID-19-infected/-suspected households (n = 44) and those admitted for veterinary care for any reason at several veterinary hospitals in Puebla City, Mexico (n = 91). Using RT-PCR, we identified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in swabs of four dogs (18.18%) and zero cats in COVID-19-infected/-suspected households; within this group, 31.82% of dogs and 27.27% of cats were tested IgG ELISA-positive; and neutralizing antibodies were detected in one dog (4.55%) and two cats (9.09%). In the random group (pets evaluated at private clinics and veterinary teaching hospital), 25.00% of dogs and 43.59% of cats were ELISA-positive and only one cat showed neutralizing antibodies (2.56%). Older than 4-year-old, other pets at home, and daily cleaning of pet dish, were each associated with an increase in SARS-CoV-2 infection (p < 0.05). Allowing face lick, sharing bed/food with pets and owner tested positive or suspected COVID-19 were not significant risk factors, but more than 4 h the owner spent away from home during the lockdown for COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, p = 0.01), and outdoor pet food tray (OR = 0.32, p = 0.01) significantly decreased the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pets, suggesting that time the owner spends with their pet is an important risk factor.
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COVID-19 , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Gatos , Humanos , Cães , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/veterinária , SARS-CoV-2 , Propriedade , México/epidemiologia , Hospitais Veterinários , RNA Viral , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Hospitais de Ensino , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Fatores de Risco , Animais de Estimação , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Background: Dermatophytes, fungi of universal distribution, invade semi or fully keratinized structures, such as skin, fur/ hair and nails. The various species of dermatophytes are classified into three genera anamorphic: Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton. The genus Epidermophyton includes only E. floccosum, that rarely affects animals. The main species responsible for the disease in dogs and cats are Microsporum canis, M. gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, which were characterized through conventional mycological methodology (microscopic examination with KOH and culture). Molecular methodologies, such as real-time PCR, can contribute to a rapid laboratory diagnosis, helping clinicians to initiate an early antifungal treatment. This case report describes a case of canine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes detected from a clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. Case: A 8-year-old dog, rescued from the street, was referred to a private veterinary clinic in the city of Canoas, RS, Brazil, presenting generalized lymphadenomegaly, crusted lesions all over the body, generalized alopecia, signs of excoriation and epistaxis. Initially, were administered prednisone [1 mg/kg every 48 h, BID] and cephalexin [30 mg/kg, BID]. Weekly baths with benzoyl peroxide were also given. The therapy was not clinically successful. Wood's Lamp Test was negative. As a differential diagnosis, PCR for detection of Leishmania was negative. Complete blood count and serum biochemical assay were also performed. For mycological diagnosis, hair specimen was clarified and examined microscopically using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) for the visualization of chains of arthroconidia (ectothrix invasion of hair). The infected hair was plated onto MycoselTM Agar, incubated at 28°C for 15 days. Microscopy of hyphae/ conidia and macroscopic colony characteristics (colors and texture) were conducted for the differentiation of the species within the genus Microsporum and Trichophyton. In addition, real-time PCR was applied for direct analysis of the fungal DNA obtained from the hair sample. Microscopic examination was negative. The dermatophyte present in the hair sample was confirmed as Trichophyton mentagrophytes by culture and qPCR (melting-point analysis). The patient was treated with systemic itraconazole [10 mg/ kg SID - 90 days]. Twice-weekly application of 2.5 % miconazole and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo until complete cure. Discussion: Dermatophytosis is often listed as self-limiting infection; however, animal dermatophytosis can spread between pets, as well as a zoonotic transmission to humans. The literature on dermatophytosis indicates that Microsporum canis is the predominant etiological agent, followed by M. gypseum. Trichophyon mentagrophytes that appear in a lower percentage of isolation. The culture of hair, even with specific medium containing chloramphenicol and cyclohexamide, may present contaminating fungi, not related to dermatophytosis, which can inhibit or override the growth of dermatophytes. The use of real-time PCR provided a faster and specific diagnosis of dermatophytosis when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of T. mentagrophytes, which takes around 10 to 15 days for culture. It is possible to use this technique as an alternative diagnosis for dermatophytes associated to clinical hair samples of dogs.
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Animais , Masculino , Cães , Tinha/veterinária , Trichophyton/isolamento & purificação , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/veterinária , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/veterináriaRESUMO
Essential oil (EO) of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) was evaluated against the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. The chemical composition of EO was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry. EO mainly comprised γ-elemene (16.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.2%) as major compounds. To evaluate the mortality of flea stages in vitro, filter paper tests were performed at different concentrations. EO of C. sativa showed insecticidal activity (100% mortality at the highest concentrations) for flea control at egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages, with lethal concentrations (LC50) of 32.45; 91.61; 466.41 and 927.92 µg/cm2, respectively. EO of C. sativa indicated the potential for the development of ectoparasiticide for veterinary use, especially for fleas in egg and larval stages.(AU)
O óleo essencial (OE) de Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) foi avaliado contra os estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto da pulga Ctenocephalides felis felis. A composição química do OE foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa com ionização de chama e espectrometria de massa. O OE foi composto principalmente de γ-elemeno (16,2%) e óxido de cariofileno (14,2%) como compostos majoritários. Para avaliar a mortalidade dos estágios de pulgas in vitro, foram realizados testes de papel filtro em diferentes concentrações. O OE de C. sativa apresentou atividade inseticida (100% de mortalidade nas maiores concentrações), para controle de pulgas nos estágios de ovo, larva, pupa e adulto, com concentrações letais (CL50) de 32,45; 91,61; 466,41 e 927,92 µg/cm2, respectivamente. O OE de C. sativa indicou potencial para o desenvolvimento de ectoparasiticida para uso veterinário, principalmente para pulgas em fase de ovo e larva.(AU)
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Animais , Óleos Voláteis/efeitos adversos , Ctenocephalides/imunologia , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Cannabis/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A ordem Rodentiarepresenta 40% de todos os mamíferos vivos do planeta e está adaptada a todos os ambientes. O rato twister (Rattus novegicus) pertence à família Muridae. Historicamente, os roedores estão próximos de seres humanos há séculos e onde há presença de seres humanos, possivelmente há roedores. A população de roedores e lagomorfos estácrescendo nas residências de tutores, na condição de animais petsnão convencionais O objetivo do presente trabalho científico é descrever a ocorrência de uma neoplasia benigna em glândula sudorípara em rato, assim como, discorrer sobre a técnica cirúrgica e o protocolo anestésico utilizado com sucesso no paciente.(AU)
The Rodentia order represents 40% of all living mammals on the planet and are adapted to all environments. The twister rat (Rattus novegicus) belongs to the Muridae Family. Historically rodents have been close to humans for centuries and where humans are present, there are possibly rodents. Nowdays rodents and lagomorphs are commons in the owners homes, as animals pets because of their graciousness and docility. The objective of the present scientific work is to describe the occurrence of a benign neoplasm reported in rat, as well as to discuss the surgical technique and anesthetic protocol used successfullyin the patient.(AU)
El orden Rodentia representa el 40% de todos los mamíferos vivos del planeta y se adaptan a todoslos ambientes. El Rattus novegicuspertenece al la familia Muridae. Históricamente, los roedores han estado cerca de los humanos durante siglos y donde hay humanos, posiblemente haya roedores. Los roedores y lagomorfas son animales comunes en las casas delos tutores, como mascotas poco convencionales por su gracia y docilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo científico es describir la ocurrencia de una neoplasia benigna raramente reportada en ratas, así como discutir la técnica quirúrgica y el protocolo anestésico exitosamente utilizado en el paciente.(AU)
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Animais , Ratos , Ratos , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/veterinária , Acrospiroma/diagnósticoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the haematological and biochemical parameters of dogs submitted to different levels of inclusion of mealworm meal (0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%) in their diet. Four adult females aged 5 years, castrated, with an average weight of 15.8 kg were used. A Latin square design was used, with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The base diets were calculated based on the NRC and provided in the proportion of 80% dry food and 20% wet food. The animals were dewormed, clinically evaluated and adapted to the base diet for 10 days prior to the insertion of me. After fitting, blood was collected for evaluation of haematological and biochemical parameters. The experimental period of each treatment was 14 days, with a new blood collection on the 15th day, with the animals in the fasted state. The blood parameters evaluated were blood count and biochemical tests, composed of urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, total proteins and their fractions, glucose, triglycerides, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and immunoglobulin E. The data obtained were subjected to multiple analysis of variance at the 5% significance level. The results showed that none of the mealworm protein inclusion levels showed blood alterations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of mealworm meal did not harm the health of the animals tested in experiment, showing that it can be an alternative protein source and can be safely included up to a level of 7.5% in dog foods
O estudo objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos de cães submetidos à diferentes níveis de inclusão da farinha da larva de Tenebrio molitor (0%, 2,5%, 5% e 7,5%) à sua dieta. Foram utilizadas 4 fêmeas adultas com 5 anos, castradas, peso médio de 15,8kg. Utilizou-se o delineamento em quadrado latino, com 4 tratamentos e 4 repetições. As dietas bases foram calculadas com base no NRC e fornecidas na proporção de 80% de alimento seco e 20% de alimento úmido. Os animais foram desverminados, avaliados clinicamente e adaptados à dieta base por 10 dias que antecederam a inserção da farinha dde Tenebrio. Após a adaptação coletou-se sangue para a avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos. O período experimental de cada tratamento foi de 14 dias, havendo nova coleta sanguínea no décimo quinto dia, com os animais em jejum. Os parâmetros sanguíneos avaliados foram hemograma, e exames bioquímicos, compostos por ureia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, colesterol, proteínas totais e suas frações, glicose, triglicérides, proteína C reativa, fibrinogênio e imunoglobulina E. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância múltipla a 5% de significância. Os resultados demonstraram que, em nenhum dos níveis de inclusão da proteína de tenébrio houveram alterações sanguíneas. Portanto, concluir-se que o uso da farinha de Tenebrio molitor não apresentou prejuizos a saude dos animais testados neste experimento, evidenciando que pode ser uma fonte proteica alternativa e ser seguramente incluída até o nível de 7,5% em alimentos para cães
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Animais , Feminino , Cães , Tenebrio , Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Ração Animal/análise , Análise Química do Sangue/veterináriaRESUMO
The maintenance of pets as reservoirs of multiresistant bacteria and the transmission of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus spp. between animals and humans can affect the effectiveness of antimicrobials in human medicine. The aim of this study was to detect risk factors, evaluate the phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance and detect the mecA gene in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from the nasal cavity of students of veterinary medicine who own dogs. This is a field survey where 35 nasal swab samples were collected to isolate Staphylococcus spp. The antimicrobial resistance of the isolates and the classification according to the multidrug resistance profile (MDR) were determined. The presence of the mecA gene was investigated in isolates with resistance to oxacillin. In addition, the research subjects answered a questionnaire about behavior towards the dog and hygiene habits to identify risk variables for developing antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobials tested were ampicillin, penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, clindamycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, and tetracycline. 92.9% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and 45% of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were resistant to the beta-lactam class, and 28.6% of CoPS and 45% of CoNS showed MDR profile. Three isolates were classified as resistant to oxacillin, and the mecA gene was detected in 100% of these isolates. About half of the individuals used antimicrobials in the last 12 months (52.9%), and 75% used amoxicillin, which could explain the high antimicrobial resistance profile. Dog owners harbor Staphylococcus spp. with high resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobials and a multi-resistance profile, representing a unique One Health problem.
A manutenção de pets como reservatórios de bactérias multirresistentes e a transmissão de microrganismos como Staphylococcus spp. entre animais e humanos podem afetar a eficácia de antimicrobianos na medicina humana. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar fatores de risco, avaliar o perfil fenotípico de resistência antimicrobiana e detectar o gene mecA em Staphylococcus spp. isolados da cavidade nasal de estudantes de medicina veterinária proprietários de cães. Trata-se de pesquisa de campo onde 35 amostras de swab nasal foram coletadas para isolar Staphylococcus spp. A resistência antimicrobiana e a classificação segundo o perfil de multirresistência (MDR) dos isolados foram determinadas. A presença do gene mecA foi investigada em isolados resistentes à oxacilina. Os estudantes responderam a um questionário sobre comportamento em relação ao cão e hábitos de higiene para identificar variáveis de risco para o desenvolvimento de resistência antimicrobiana. Foram testados os antimicrobianos ampicilina, penicilina, oxacilina, cefalotina, clindamicina, gentamicina, eritromicina, enrofloxacina e tetraciclina. 92,9% dos estafilococos coagulase-positivos (CoPS) e 45% dos estafilococos coagulase-negativos (CoNS) foram resistentes à classe dos beta- lactâmicos e 28,6% CoPS e 45% CoNS apresentaram perfil MDR. Três isolados foram classificados como resistentes à oxacilina e o gene mecA foi detectado em 100% destes isolados. Mais da metade dos indivíduos fez uso de antimicrobiano nos últimos 12 meses (52,9%), 75% fizeram uso de amoxicilina, o que poderia explicar o alto perfil de resistência antimicrobiana. Os donos de cães abrigam Staphylococcus spp. com alta resistência aos antimicrobianos beta-lactâmicos e apresentam MDR, o que representa um problema de saúde única.
El mantenimiento de las mascotas como reservorios de bacterias multiresistentes y la transmisión de microorganismos como Staphylococcus spp. entre animales y seres humanos pueden afectar a la eficacia de los antimicrobianos en la medicina humana. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar factores de riesgo, evaluar el perfil fenotípico de la resistencia antimicrobiana y detectar el gen meccaA en Staphylococcus spp. aislado de la cavidad nasal de estudiantes veterinarios dueños de perros. Se trata de una investigación de campo en la que se recogieron 35 muestras de hisopo nasal para aislar Staphylococcus spp. Se determinó la resistencia antimicrobiana y la clasificación de los aislados por perfil de multiresistencia (MDR). La presencia del gen de la mecaA se ha investigado en aislados resistentes a oxacilina. Los estudiantes respondieron a un cuestionario sobre comportamiento de perros y hábitos de higiene para identificar variables de riesgo para el desarrollo de resistencia antimicrobiana. Se han estudiado antimicrobianos como ampicilina, penicilina, oxacilina, cefalotina, clindamicina, gentamicina, eritromicina, enrofloxacina y tetraciclina. El 92,9% de los estafilococos coagulasa-positivos (CoPS) y el 45% de los estafilococos coagulasa- negativos (CoNS) fueron resistentes a la clase beta-lactam y el 28,6% de los CoPS y el 45% de los CoNS tenían un perfil de MDR. Se clasificaron tres aislados como resistentes a la oxacilina y se detectó el gen de la mecaA en el 100% de estos aislamientos. Más de la mitad de los individuos utilizaron antimicrobianos en los últimos 12 meses (52,9%), el 75% utilizó amoxicilina, lo que podría explicar el alto perfil de resistencia antimicrobiana. Los dueños de perros albergan Staphylococcus spp. con alta resistencia a los antimicrobianos beta-lactámicos y tienen MDR, lo que representa un único problema de salud.
RESUMO
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive pet owners are reported to be a risk factor for infection of their pets; however, the influence of the viral load and associated risks has not been fully established. This study aimed to assess potential association of viral load in owners with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in their dogs. Of 20 SARS-CoV-2-positive pet owners from 13 families in Curitiba, Brazil, 5 of 22 (22.7%) dogs were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Viral presence was detected in oropharyngeal samples for 2 of 5 (40.0%) dogs at 8 and 9 days after the first positive sample. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in these dogs was associated with higher viral loads in the owners and close owner contact. All 5 RT-qPCR-positive dogs had antibodies to at least one viral protein tested in the serological assay. Molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs was statistically associated with clinical signs in owners such as cold, cough, or diarrhea (P = 0.039), number of positive persons in the household (P = 0.002), and higher viral load (P = 0.039). Such findings serve as a warning for risks of human to dog infection, mainly due to sharing beds and other close interactions without protection. In conclusion, people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in households with multiple residents and high viral load, should take the same preventive measures when interacting with their dogs during self-isolation as they do with people.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in pets and their owners has increased due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. This study compared the prevalence of MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus strains in pets and their owners in urban and rural communities in Trinidad. METHODOLOGY: Questionnaires were administered to gather demographic and risk factor data for MRSA for human participants, and their pets. Nasal swabs were obtained from 100 pets (dogs and cats) and their human owners. For the isolation of MRSA, nasal swabs obtained were enriched and then plated on selective media. Staphylococcus aureus was identified using standard biochemical procedures. The resistance of S. aureus initially assessed detection of MRSA isolates to cefoxitin and confirmed by the PBP2a latex agglutination test. Antibiotic resistance was determined using the disc diffusion method. RESULTS: The prevalence of MRSA was 6.0% (3/50) and 2.0% (1/50) in household pet animals and their owners, respectively in urban communities, while in rural communities, the prevalence was 6.0% (3/50) and 12.0% (6/50) respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus in pet owners was higher in the rural community (44.0%) compared to urban (30.0%). However, in pet animals, S. aureus was more frequently isolated from urban communities (78.0%) than rural ones (66.0%). Amongst the S. aureus isolates, 81.7% were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that living in a rural community increased the odds of MRSA colonization.