RESUMO
Brazil, a global frontrunner in pesticide consumption and sales, particularly glyphosate, appears to be at odds with other countries that increasingly ban these products in their territories. This study gathers the values of Acceptable Daily Intake and Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) in the European Union for dozens of substances and subsequently contrasts them with the corresponding benchmarks upheld in Brazil concerning its predominant crops. Furthermore, this study delves into the toxicity levels and the potential health ramifications of glyphosate on humans through the ingestion of food containing its residues. The findings from this research underscore a notable surge in glyphosate and pesticide sales and usage within Brazil over the past decade. In stark contrast to its European counterparts, Brazil not only sanctioned the sale and application of 474 new pesticides in 2019, but extended the authorization for glyphosate sales while downgrading its toxicity classification. Finally, this review not only uncovers disparities among research outcomes but also addresses the complexities of replacing glyphosate and introduces environmentally friendlier alternatives that have been subject to evaluation in the existing literature.
Assuntos
Resíduos de Praguicidas , Praguicidas , Humanos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Brasil , Medição de Risco , GlifosatoRESUMO
A contaminação por agrotóxicos gera discussão pelos impactos no meio ambiente e saúde. Os períodos natal e neonatal constituem janelas com susceptibilidade às consequências dos agrotóxicos. O estudo possui um desenho ecológico descritivo com o objetivo de verificar a existência de associação entre o consumo per capta dos agrotóxicos e eventos da gravidez e nascimento, através da quantidade consumida em 1997 e 2001 nos estados brasileiros. Os dados são do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. O estudo não recebeu financiamento, utilizou bases de dados populacionais públicas sem análises individuais. Nos cálculos foi utilizado o consumo per capta de agrotóxicos classificados em três grupos com os tercis de distribuição em ordem crescente. O banco de dados do Departamento de Informática do SUS foi utilizado na análise das variáveis de desfecho de gravidez. Os resultados evidenciam associação entre praguicida e prematuridade, bem como uma relação com baixo o peso ao nascer, porém, que pode ser também um efeito confundidor.
Contamination with pesticides has generated discussion about their impacts on the environment and health. Natal and neonatal periods represent windows of susceptibility to the effects of pesticides. In this study we used a descriptive ecological design with the aim of verifying a possible association between the per capita consumption of pesticides and events of pregnancy and birth, using the amount of pesticides consumed in 1997 and 2001 in Brazilian states. The data was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Live Birth Information System. The study received no funding, and thus employed public databases of populations without individual analysis. For the calculations we used the per capita consumption of pesticides classified into three groups with the distribution of the tertiles in ascending order. The database of the Information Department at the SUS (Unified Health System) was used to analyze the pregnancy outcome variables. The results show an association between pesticide consumption and premature births, and pesticide consumption and low birth weight, although the latter could also be a confounding effect.