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ABSTRACT Background: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors recently defined immune deficiency/dysregulation (IDD)-associated-lymphoid-proliferations in HIV settings, where information is scarce, often gone under or misdiagnosed. Objectives: To describe the clinical picture, histopathology, and outcomes of IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations Epstein-Barr virus+ (EBV) in people living with HIV without organ transplantation, antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated. Methods: HIV+ patients diagnosed with IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations seen at an academic medical center in Mexico from 2016 to 2019 were included. Immunohistochemical studies, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction analysis for EBV and LMP1 gene deletions were performed and correlated with clinical data. Results: We included 27 patients, all men who have sex with men, median age 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 22-54). The median baseline CD4+ T cells were 113/mL (IQR 89-243), the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.15 (IQR: 0.09-0.22), and the HIV viral load was 184,280 copies/mL (IQR: 76,000-515,707). Twenty patients (74.07%) had IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations hyperplasia plasma cell type EBV+, 3 (11.1%) had hyperplasia mononucleosis-like type (IM-type), 1 patient (3.70%) had florid follicular hyperplasia, 3 (11.1%) IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations polymorphic type, and there were 22 cases (81.4%) of synchronic Kaposi Sarcoma. Two patients were diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma following a second positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan-guided biopsy. The median follow-up was 228 weeks (IQR 50-269); 6 patients died (22.2%) of causes unrelated to IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations related. Conclusion: IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations EBV+ occured in severely immunosuppressed HIV+ patients, a high percentage of whom had concomitant Kaposi sarcoma. The prognosis was good in patients treated only with ART.
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This study aims to estimate the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among people living with HIV (PLWHA). A search for observational studies was conducted in five databases and preprinted literature. Summary estimates were pooled using a random effects model and meta-regression. Of 150 identified studies, 31 were eligible (18,550 PLWHA). The weighted prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy overall was 29.07% among PLWHA (95%CI = 24.33-34.32; I² = 98%,) and that of vaccine acceptance was 68.66% (95%CI = 62.25-74.43; I² = 98%). Higher hesitancy prevalence was identified in low/lower-middle income countries (35.05; 95% CI = 19.38-54.78). The heterogeneity was explained by the risk of bias, region, and year of data collection. The findings conclude that the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate remains high, especially in low-income countries. Evidence-informed interventions aimed at increasing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance at the national and individual levels ought to be designed to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PLWHA.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , SARS-CoV-2 , Hesitação Vacinal , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Hesitação Vacinal/psicologia , Hesitação Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Vacinação/psicologia , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Background: The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors recently defined immune deficiency/dysregulation (IDD)-associated-lymphoid-proliferations in HIV settings, where information is scarce, often gone under or misdiagnosed. Objectives: To describe the clinical picture, histopathology, and outcomes of IDD-associated-lymphoidproliferations Epstein-Barr virus+ (EBV) in people living with HIV without organ transplantation, antiretroviral therapy (ART) treated. Materials and Methods: HIV+ patients diagnosed with IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations seen at an academic medical center in Mexico from 2016 to 2019 were included. Immunohistochemical studies, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction analysis for EBV and LMP1 gene deletions were performed and correlated with clinical data. Results: We included 27 patients, all men who have sex with men, median age 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 22-54). The median baseline CD4+ T cells were 113/mL (IQR 89-243), the CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.15 (IQR: 0.09-0.22), and the HIV viral load was 184,280 copies/mL (IQR: 76,000-515,707). Twenty patients (74.07%) had IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations hyperplasia plasma cell type EBV+, 3 (11.1%) had hyperplasia mononucleosis-like type (IM-type), 1 patient (3.70%) had florid follicular hyperplasia, 3 (11.1%) IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations polymorphic type, and there were 22 cases (81.4%) of synchronic Kaposi Sarcoma. Two patients were diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma following a second positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan-guided biopsy. The median follow-up was 228 weeks (IQR 50-269); 6 patients died (22.2%) of causes unrelated to IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations related. Conclusion: IDD-associated-lymphoid-proliferations EBV+ occured in severely immunosuppressed HIV+ patients, a high percentage of whom had concomitant Kaposi sarcoma. The prognosis was good in patients treated only with ART.
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Background: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at high risk of developing anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). We aimed to develop a prediction model for anal HSIL based on individual characteristics of PLWH. Methods: Cross-sectional study of PLWH aged ≥21 years who attended the Anal Neoplasia Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2016 to 2022. The primary outcome was biopsy-confirmed anal HSIL. For each sex, relations between potential predictors and HSIL were examined using univariate (ULRM) and multivariable (MLRM) logistic regression models. Risk modelling was performed with MLRM and validated with bootstrapping techniques. The area under the ROC Curves (AUC) was estimated with 95% CI. Findings: HSIL was detected among 45.11% of patients, 68.48% were males, and 59.42% were ≥45 aged. Multivariable analysis showed that, in women, the only significant predictor for HSIL was having a previous abnormal anal cytology (p = 0.01). In men, significant predictors for HSIL were having a previous abnormal anal cytology (p < 0.001) and a history of infection with any gonorrhoea (p = 0.002). Other suggestive predictors for HSIL among women were obesity and smoking. No association between smoking and HSIL among men was observed (p < 0.05). The AUC estimated among women (0.732, 95% CI: 0.651-0.811) was higher than in men (0.689, 95% CI: 0.629-0.748). Interpretation: Our results support that the inclusion of individual characteristics into the prediction model will adequately predict the presence of HSIL in PLWH. Funding: This work was supported by the NCI (Grants #U54CA096297, #R25CA240120), the NIGMS (Grant #U54GM133807), and the NIMHD (Grant #U54MD007587).
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Persons living with HIV are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 and understanding the factors influencing their decision to take the COVID-19 vaccine are crucial. Using the Health Belief Model (HBM), our study examined the role of psychological factors in predicting vaccine intention in patients with HIV. The underlying concept of the HBM is that behaviour is determined by personal beliefs about a disease, and access to strategies to decrease its occurrence. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted between August and September 2021 at an HIV clinic in Trinidad. Data on the HBM constructs, namely patient's beliefs about the perceived severity and susceptibility to COVID-19, their perceived benefits of taking the vaccine, and external cues to action, i.e., factors that may motivate them to take the vaccine, were collected. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations and whether the HBM components were predictors of vaccination intention. In this study, 59.9% of patients indicated their intentions to take the vaccine. Females (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30-0.81) were less inclined to take the COVID-19 vaccine compared to males, while Indo-Trinidadian patients with HIV (OR 4.40, 95% CI 1.26-15.3) were more inclined to take the vaccine compared to Afro-Trinidadians. Health beliefs such as having confidence in the vaccine (p = 0.001) and believing in its perceived benefits (p = 0.001) were significant predictors of vaccination intention. Patients who were confident about the vaccine were six times more likely to take the vaccine (OR 6.45, 95% CI 2.13-19.5) than persons who were not confident in it. Having adequate information about the vaccine or the knowledge of others who received the vaccine (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.03-2.11) were significant cues to action influencing their decision. Guided by the HBM, understanding patient's health beliefs is important in the design of tailored interventions to improve vaccine outcomes. The HBM may also be useful in the design of approaches to increase the uptake of critical HIV prevention, and treatment services.
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Os objetivos do estudo foram investigar os efeitos da lipodistrofia sobre o bem-estar psicológico e a adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral, e identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por pessoas soropositivas afetadas pela síndrome. Participaram 21 pessoas, com idades entre 29 e 52 anos, das quais quatorze eram homens. As entrevistas foram analisadas com base na análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados apontaram que a descoberta e a vivência da lipodistrofia podem afetar o bem-estar psicológico, ocasionando redução da auto-estima, percepção negativa da imagem corporal e evitação de contatos sociais. Não se observou impacto negativo sobre a conduta de adesão. As estratégias de enfrentamento relatadas com maior freqüência foram: prática de atividade física, uso de roupas que escondam as mudanças corporais, realização de procedimentos estéticos e adoção de novos hábitos alimentares. Conclui-se que a ocorrência da lipodistrofia pode acarretar dificuldades psicológicas, merecendo atenção das equipes de saúde que atuam em HIV/aids.(AU)
The study investigates the effects of the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome on the psychological well-being and on the adherence to anti-retroviral treatment. It also identifies the coping strategies used. Twenty-one people, age bracket 29 - 52 years old, including fourteen males, took part in the research. Data procedures included structured and semi-structured interview. Results showed that disclosure of lipodystrophy may affect the psychological well-being, leading towards a decrease in self-esteem, negative perception of body image and avoidance of social relationships. The most related coping strategies consisted of practice of physical activities, usage of clothing which can hide body changes, realization of esthetic procedures and the adoption of new feeding habits. Results show that lipodystrophy experience may cause relevant emotional and psychological difficulties to affected people. This fact suggests that it should be given more attention to health professionals who deal with HIV/AIDS.(AU)
Los objetivos del estudio fueron explorar los efectos de la lipodistrofia en el bienestar psicológico, la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral, bien como identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por personas soropositivas con lipodistrofia. Participaran de la investigación 21 personas, con edades entre 29 y 52 años, catorce hombres. El análisis de las entrevistas siguió la técnica de análisis de contenido categorial. Los resultados indican que la descubierta y vivencia de la lipodistrofia pueden afectan el bienestar psicológico, lo que ocasiona reducción en la autoestima, percepción negativa de la imagen corporal y evitación de personas de la red social. No se ha observado impacto negativo en las conductas de adhesión al tratamiento. Las más frecuentes estrategias de afrontamiento relatadas fueron: práctica de actividad física, uso de ropas que disfrazan los cambios corporales, realización de procedimientos estéticos y adopción de nuevos hábitos alimentares. Se ha concluido que la lipodistrofia puede causar dificultades psicológicas, lo que justifica una atención especial de los equipos de salud que actúan en VIH/Sida.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , HIV , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , LipodistrofiaRESUMO
Os objetivos do estudo foram investigar os efeitos da lipodistrofia sobre o bem-estar psicológico e a adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral, e identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por pessoas soropositivas afetadas pela síndrome. Participaram 21 pessoas, com idades entre 29 e 52 anos, das quais quatorze eram homens. As entrevistas foram analisadas com base na análise de conteúdo categorial. Os resultados apontaram que a descoberta e a vivência da lipodistrofia podem afetar o bem-estar psicológico, ocasionando redução da auto-estima, percepção negativa da imagem corporal e evitação de contatos sociais. Não se observou impacto negativo sobre a conduta de adesão. As estratégias de enfrentamento relatadas com maior freqüência foram: prática de atividade física, uso de roupas que escondam as mudanças corporais, realização de procedimentos estéticos e adoção de novos hábitos alimentares. Conclui-se que a ocorrência da lipodistrofia pode acarretar dificuldades psicológicas, merecendo atenção das equipes de saúde que atuam em HIV/aids.
The study investigates the effects of the HIV lipodystrophy syndrome on the psychological well-being and on the adherence to anti-retroviral treatment. It also identifies the coping strategies used. Twenty-one people, age bracket 29 - 52 years old, including fourteen males, took part in the research. Data procedures included structured and semi-structured interview. Results showed that disclosure of lipodystrophy may affect the psychological well-being, leading towards a decrease in self-esteem, negative perception of body image and avoidance of social relationships. The most related coping strategies consisted of practice of physical activities, usage of clothing which can hide body changes, realization of esthetic procedures and the adoption of new feeding habits. Results show that lipodystrophy experience may cause relevant emotional and psychological difficulties to affected people. This fact suggests that it should be given more attention to health professionals who deal with HIV/AIDS.
Los objetivos del estudio fueron explorar los efectos de la lipodistrofia en el bienestar psicológico, la adhesión al tratamiento antirretroviral, bien como identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por personas soropositivas con lipodistrofia. Participaran de la investigación 21 personas, con edades entre 29 y 52 años, catorce hombres. El análisis de las entrevistas siguió la técnica de análisis de contenido categorial. Los resultados indican que la descubierta y vivencia de la lipodistrofia pueden afectan el bienestar psicológico, lo que ocasiona reducción en la autoestima, percepción negativa de la imagen corporal y evitación de personas de la red social. No se ha observado impacto negativo en las conductas de adhesión al tratamiento. Las más frecuentes estrategias de afrontamiento relatadas fueron: práctica de actividad física, uso de ropas que disfrazan los cambios corporales, realización de procedimientos estéticos y adopción de nuevos hábitos alimentares. Se ha concluido que la lipodistrofia puede causar dificultades psicológicas, lo que justifica una atención especial de los equipos de salud que actúan en VIH/Sida.