RESUMO

A positive relationship has been reported between advanced periodontitis and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship with parameters for periodontitis, such as PISA and systemic inflammation biomarkers. An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A blood sample was collected from 75 subjects to analyze glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and cytokine values. Increased cIMT was found in 32% of the patients with fewer teeth. Patients with periodontitis had a larger periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) (p = 0.000) and had a 1.42-times-higher risk of having increased cIMT values compared to periodontally healthy individuals, though without a statistically significant association. Higher values in the left cIMT, IL-8, and TNF-α were found in men than in women with significant differences. In the multivariate analysis involving cytokines, age continues to be linked to increased cIMT values. INF-γ showed a trend towards a protective effect; as the IMT-M decreases, there is an increase in the expression of INF-γ, and a higher proportion of subjects with elevated INF-γ concentrations demonstrated normal IMT-C. This study did not find a statistically significant association between cIMT and periodontal disease, but the risk of having increased cIMT is 1.42-times higher for individuals with periodontitis.

RESUMO

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive rare disease, main characteristics of which include palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and premature edentulism due to advanced periodontitis (formerly aggressive periodontitis). This study aimed to characterize the oral phenotype, including salivary parameters, and the salivary microbiome of three PLS sisters, comparatively. Two sisters were toothless (PLSTL1 and PLSTL2), and one sister had most of the teeth in the oral cavity (PLST). Total DNA was extracted from the unstimulated saliva, and the amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragment was performed in an Ion PGM platform. The amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained using the DADA2 pipeline, and the taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA v.138. The main phenotypic characteristics of PLS were bone loss and premature loss of primary and permanent dentition. The PLST sister presented advanced periodontitis with gingival bleeding and suppuration, corresponding to the advanced periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, stage IV, grade C. All three PLS sisters presented hyposalivation as a possible secondary outcome of the syndrome. Interestingly, PLST salivary microbiota was dominated by the uncultured bacteria Bacterioidales (F0058), Fusobacterium, Treponema, and Sulfophobococcus (Archaea domain). Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Caldivirga (Archaea) dominated the microbiome of the PLSTL1 sister, while the PLSTL2 had higher abundances of Lactobacillus and Porphyromonas. This study was the first to show a high abundance of organisms belonging to the Archaea domain comprising a core microbiome in human saliva. In conclusion, a PLST individual does have a microbiota different from that of the periodontitis' aggressiveness previously recognized. Due to an ineffective cathepsin C, the impairment of neutrophils probably provided a favorable environment for the PLS microbiome. The interactions of Bacteroidales F0058, Caldivirga, and Sulfophobococcus with the microbial consortium of PLS deserves future investigation. Traditional periodontal therapy is not efficient in PLS patients. Unraveling the PLS microbiome is essential in searching for appropriate treatment and avoiding early tooth loss.

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RESUMO

A Porphyromonas gingivalis-peptidilarginina-deiminase (PPAD) gera peptídeos citrulinados que podem levar à produção de autoanticorpos, e assim, induz a iniciação de uma resposta autoimune. O objetivo deste estudo foi detectar a presença de anticorpos anti-PPAD no soro de pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil (LESJ) e comparar com pacientes saudáveis. Foram avaliados 25 pacientes (24 mulheres e 1 homem) com LESJ (média de idade de 16,1 ± 1,6 anos), e 25 controles (22 mulheres e 3 homens) sem LESJ (média de idade de 15,2 ± 2,3 anos). Todos os pacientes estavam em tratamento ou acompanhamento médico no Núcleo de Estudos da Saúde do Adolescente (NESA). No grupo teste, 20 pacientes (80%) estavam em atividade moderada e grave do LESJ, medida através do Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), 8 (32%) com sequelas decorrentes da doença, medida pelo Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology - Damage Index (SLICC/ACR-DI), e 15 (60%) com acometimento articular, considerado a partir da ocorrência de pelo menos 3 sinais inflamatórios na articulação. Dados clínicos periodontais como profundidade de bolsa à sondagem (PBS), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), índice gengival (IG) e índice de placa (IP) foram obtidos de todos os adolescentes. Nenhum paciente foi considerado fumante em ambos os grupos. Níveis séricos de anticorpos anti-PPAD foram avaliados através do método ELISA. O estudo foi capaz de detectar anticorpos séricos anti-PPAD em pacientes com LESJ e em pacientes saudáveis, não encontrando, porém, diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,9). As medidas clínicas de PBS, NIC, IP e IG foram maiores no grupo teste (p = 0,006, p < 0,001, p < 0,001, p = 0,190, respectivamente). Não foi possível demonstrar correlação significativa entre os níveis de anti-PPAD e os parâmetros clínico-periodontais em ambos os grupos. Concluímos que os anticorpos anti-PPAD podem ser detectados no soro de pacientes com LESJ. A comprovação de que esses anticorpos são produzidos por pacientes com LESJ, reforça a ideia de que a infecção periodontal por Porphyromonas gingivalis poderia induzir uma resposta autoimune

Porphyromonas gingivalis-peptidylarginine-deiminase (PPAD) generates citrullinated peptides that can lead to production of autoantibodies inducing the initiation of an autoimmune response.The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of anti-PPAD antibodies in serum samples from patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to compare it with healthy patients. Twenty-five patients (24 women and 1 man) with JSLE (mean age 16.1 ± 1.6 years) and 25 controls (22 women and 3 men) without JSLE (mean age 15.2 ± 2.3 years). All patients were undergoing treatment or medical follow-up at the Adolescent Health Study Center (NESA). In the test group, 20 patients (80%) were in moderate and severe JSLE activity, as measured by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), 8 (32%) with sequelae due to the disease, as measured by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics / American College of Rheumatology - Damage Index (SLICC / ACR-DI), and 15 (60%) with joint involvement, considered from the occurrence of at least 3 inflammatory signs in the joint. Periodontal data such as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) were obtained from all adolescents. No patient was considered smoker in both groups. Serum levels of anti-PPAD antibodies were assessed from a blood sample by the ELISA method. The study was able to detect anti-PPAD antibodies in patients with JSLE and in healthy patients, but did not find a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.9). The clinical parameters of PD, CAL, PI and GI were higher in the test group (p = 0.006, p <0.001, p <0.001, p = 0.190, respectively). It was not possible to demonstrate a significant correlation between anti-PPAD levels and clinical-periodontal parameters in both groups. We conclude that anti-PPAD antibody levels can be detected in the serum of patients with JSLE. The evidence that these antibodies are produced by JSLE patients reinforces the idea that periodontal infection by Porphyromonas gingivalis could induce an autoimmune response

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RESUMO

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) apresenta-se como uma doença crônico-degenerativa, sendo dividido basicamente em tipo 1 ou insulino dependente, ocasionado pela destruição das ilhas betas do pâncreas, surgindo geralmente antes dos 25 anos de idade; e tipo 2 ou não insulino dependente, ocasionada por um defeito na ação/secreção de insulina, sendo controlada basicamente pela dieta. A Doença Periodontal (DP) é caracterizada pela destruição dos tecidos de suporte dos dentes, é crônica, de progressão normalmente lenta e de cunho irreversível. OBJETIVO. Revisar a literatura científica sobre a existência da relação entre o DM e a DP. METODOLOGIA. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS). CONCLUSÃO. Embora a associação entre DM e DP seja aceita como uma realidade, as implicações clínicas necessitam ser adequadamente investigadas. Um maior número de estudos clínicos intervencionais, randomizados, com amplas amostras e com longos períodos de acompanhamento são necessários para avaliar a influência da inflamação periodontal, bem como o efeito de seu tratamento sobre o controle metabólico de pacientes com DM (AU).

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) presents as a chronic degenerative disease, being basically divided into type 1 or insulin-dependent, caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta islands generally occurring before 25 years old, and type 2 or non-insulin dependent, caused by a defect in the action/insulin secretion, being basically controlled by diet. Periodontal disease (PD) is characterized by the destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, it is chronic, slowly progressive and irreversible. OBJECT. Scientific literature review regarding the existence of relationship between DM and PD. METHODOLOGY. Search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Virtual Health Library (VHL). CONCLUSION. Although the association between DM and PD is accepted as a reality, the clinical implications need to be properly investigated. A greater number of interventional clinical trials, randomized, with large samples and long term follow-up are needed to assess the influence of periodontal inflammation, as well as the effect of its treatment on metabolic control in patients with DM (AU).

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RESUMO

A infecção periodontal é causada por uma disbiose polimicrobiana sinérgica onde o Porphyromonas gingivalis pode ser considerado um microrganismo-chave. Recentemente, este microrganismo tem sido associado à produção de autoanticorpos comuns à autoimunidade, sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre como a infecção periodontal por Porphyromonas gingivalis pode iniciar uma resposta autoimune. A citrulinação fisiológica pode não ser suficiente para gerar doenças autoimunes, porém fontes externas de citrulinação como traumas e infecções podem modificar quantitativa e qualitativamente os peptídeos citrulinados. Diversos estudos têm fornecido valiosas informações a respeito dos fatores de virulência do Porphyromonas gingivalis, e seus efeitos no sistema imunológico do indivíduo. A Porphyromonas gingivalis-peptidilarginina-deiminase (PPAD), expressa pelo Porphyromonas gingivalis, gera peptídeos citrulinados que podem levar a produção de autoanticorpos, e assim, induzir a iniciação de uma resposta autoimune, amplificada e perpetuada pela citrulinação fisiológica (AU)

Periodontal disease is caused by a synergistic polymicrobial dysbiosis where Porphyromonas gingivalis can be considered a keystone pathogen. Recently,this pathogen has been associated with production of autoantibodies common in autoimmunity, therefore the purpose of this study was to review the literature about how periodontal infection with Porphyromonasgin givaliscan initiate an immune response. Physiological citrulination can be not sufficient to induce autoimmune diseases, however external sources of citrullination like trauma and infections can modify the quantity and quality of citrullinated peptides. Several studies has provided valuable information regarding virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its effects on the individual's immune system. Porphyromonas gingivalis-peptidylargininedeiminase (PPAD), expressed by Porphyromonas gingivalis, generates citrullinated peptides that can lead to production of autoantibodies and than induce the initiation of autoimmune response, amplified and perpetuated by physiological citrulination.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to evaluate the hormonal influence on periodontal tissues in two moments: premenstrual and preovulatory, in women whose are in the reproductive phase between 18 and 45 years. The sample is composed by 30 women, who were analyzed following the inclusion criteria as: not pregnant women, who are not using contraceptive or other means of hormonal replacement, who were not in the menopause and who did not present systemic diseases. The periodontal exams were accomplished in two periods: premenstrual and preovulatory, when it was verified blee din gon probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) indexes. The premenstrual period obtained greater bleeding on probing index when compared with preovulatory period, showing a statistically significant difference. However, in spite of the probing depth measurements have been greater in the premenstrual period (1.684±0.4728) than in the preovulatoryone (1.679 ± 0.4749); the differences were not statistically significant. Basin gon the resultsand according to the methodology used, it was possible conclude that the hormonal variation influences on periodontal tissues.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In vitro- and in vivo-assays were conducted, to study the possible role of streptomycin- and actinomycin-producing soil actinomycetes for the pathogenesis of "Cara inchada" in cattle (CI). Adherence of Bacteroides spp. to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva, known to be associated with the progressive lesions of CI, was significantly increased by the addition of streptomycin, actinomycin or antibiotic culture supernatants of the soil actinomycetes. Applications of these mixtures together with Actinomyces pyogenes to the marginal gingiva of the upper premolar teeth of about 1 month old Holstein Friesian calves did not lead to progressive lesions of CI. Only one calf exhibited a slight diarrhea and a temporary retraction of the gingiva at the site of application.

Foram realizados ensaios in vitro e in vivo para estudar o possível envolvimento de actinomicetos do solo como produtores de estreptomicina e actinomicina na pathogênese da periodontite da ,,cara inchada" dos bovinos (CI). A aderência de Bacteroides spp. às células epitheliais da gengiva marginal de bezerros, dos quais se sabe estarem associados às lesões progressivas da CI, aumentou significantivamente através a adição de estreptomicina, actinomicina ou de antibióticos produzidos pelo cultivo de actinomicetos do solo. Aplicações de Bacteroides spp. e Actinomyces pyogenes, junto com os antibióticos, na gengiva dos dentes premolares maxilares de bezerros da raça holandês preto-branco, de cerca de 1 mês de idade, não provocaram lesões progressivas da CI. Somente um bezerro mostrou leve diarréia e retração temporária da gengiva no local da aplicação.

RESUMO

In vitro- and in vivo-assays were conducted, to study the possible role of streptomycin- and actinomycin-producing soil actinomycetes for the pathogenesis of "Cara inchada" in cattle (CI). Adherence of Bacteroides spp. to epithelial cells of the bovine gingiva, known to be associated with the progressive lesions of CI, was significantly increased by the addition of streptomycin, actinomycin or antibiotic culture supernatants of the soil actinomycetes. Applications of these mixtures together with Actinomyces pyogenes to the marginal gingiva of the upper premolar teeth of about 1 month old Holstein Friesian calves did not lead to progressive lesions of CI. Only one calf exhibited a slight diarrhea and a temporary retraction of the gingiva at the site of application.

Foram realizados ensaios in vitro e in vivo para estudar o possível envolvimento de actinomicetos do solo como produtores de estreptomicina e actinomicina na pathogênese da periodontite da ,,cara inchada" dos bovinos (CI). A aderência de Bacteroides spp. às células epitheliais da gengiva marginal de bezerros, dos quais se sabe estarem associados às lesões progressivas da CI, aumentou significantivamente através a adição de estreptomicina, actinomicina ou de antibióticos produzidos pelo cultivo de actinomicetos do solo. Aplicações de Bacteroides spp. e Actinomyces pyogenes, junto com os antibióticos, na gengiva dos dentes premolares maxilares de bezerros da raça holandês preto-branco, de cerca de 1 mês de idade, não provocaram lesões progressivas da CI. Somente um bezerro mostrou leve diarréia e retração temporária da gengiva no local da aplicação.