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The presence of naturally occurring radioactivity in sand and other building materials results in indoor and outdoor exposure to the public. Sand is one of the main components in civil construction alongside cement, crushed stone and bricks. Thus, this research was carried out in twenty sand samples with the objective of investigating the hazard indices of natural radiation, due to the presence of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in sand samples collected in some locations in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), analyzing by gamma spectrometry and using an HPGe detector. The technique used for gamma analysis was gamma spectrometry, and the software used to analyze peaks and obtain counts was LabSOCS. In this context, the average activity concentration values of 226Ra (66.7 ± 1.2) and 40K (647 ± 31) Bq kg-1 are higher than the world mean activity concentration of 50, 50 and 500 Bq kg-1 for these three radionuclides. However, the value of 232Th (40.6 ± 0.7) Bq kg-1 and Raeq (175 ± 5) Bq kg-1 are less than the world average of 50 Bq kg-1 and 370 Bq kg-1, respectively. The estimation of the average values for Annual Effective Dose (0.51 ± 0.01) and Dutch Radiation Performance Index (0.52 ± 0.01) was carried out, with values below the maximum recommended limit for the public. Only one sample had a higher value and the other samples are within the levels required for environmental control. However, the mean values found in this present study, when compared to those of other authors mentioned here, showed higher values. Therefore, most samples have safe values to be used by people in building their homes.
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OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of overweight and obesity in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on fetal cardiac function parameters. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of 374 singleton pregnant women between 20w0d and 36w6d divided into three groups: 154 controls (body mass index - BMI < 25 kg/m2), 140 overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m2) and 80 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Fetal left ventricular (LV) modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI) was calculated according to the following formula: (isovolumetric contraction time + isovolumetric relaxation time)/ejection time. Spectral tissue Doppler was used to determine LV and right ventricular (RV) myocardial performance index (MPI'), peak myocardial velocity during systole (S'), early diastole (E'), and late diastole (A'). RESULTS: We found significant differences between the groups in maternal age (p < 0.001), maternal weight (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), number of pregnancies (p < 0.001), parity (p < 0.001), gestational age (p = 0.013), and estimated fetal weight (p = 0.003). Overweight pregnant women had higher LV Mod-MPI (0.046 versus 0.044 seconds, p = 0.009) and LV MPI' (0.50 versus 0.47 seconds, p < 0.001) than the control group. Obese pregnant women had higher RV E' than control (6.82 versus 6.33 cm/sec, p = 0.008) and overweight (6.82 versus 6.46 cm/sec, p = 0.047) groups. There were no differences in 5-min APGAR score < 7, neonatal intensive care unit admission, hypoglycemia and hyperglobulinemia between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed fetal myocardial dysfunction in overweight and obese pregnant women with higher LV Mod-MPI, LV MPI' and RV E' compared to fetuses from normal weight pregnant women.
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Ecocardiografia Doppler , Coração Fetal , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
Echocardiography is commonly used in veterinary clinical practice for many species but is not as easily applied in non-sedated marine mammals. Additionally, Doppler echocardiography provides further information on hemodynamics, estimation of cardiac output, characterization of flow patterns, and diastolic function. However, its applications in marine mammals have not been as widely explored either. The present report aimed to characterize the left ventricle structure and function of the Southern Sea Lion (Otaria flavescens) through a Doppler echocardiography study. Data were obtained from a healthy animal trained for different veterinary examination routines. This communication constitutes the first report of Doppler echocardiography with stroke volume, and cardiac output measurement in pinnipeds, and the first report of measurement of myocardial performance index in aquatic mammals. This data brought initial information about in vivo structure and function of the heart of the Southern Sea Lion that can be safely and effectively evaluated with the use of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. Our data have both clinical and research implications for future studies evaluating diseases of the cardiopulmonary system in pinnipeds, and cardiovascular physiology investigation in diving mammals.
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Caniformia , Leões-Marinhos , Animais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Ecocardiografia Doppler/veterinária , Ecocardiografia/veterináriaRESUMO
In the current work, we describe the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives via Hantzsch multicomponent reaction and their evaluation as photosystemâ II (PSII) inhibitors through chlorophyll a fluorescence bioassay. Among all the compounds tested, 1,1'-(2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-diyl)bis(ethan-1-one) (4b) showed best results, reducing the parameters performance index on absorption basis (PIabs ) and electron transport per reaction center by 61 % and 49 %, respectively, as compared to the control. These results indicate the inhibitory activity of PSII over the electron transport chain. Additionally, a molecular docking approach using the protein D1 (PDB code 4V82) was performed in order to assess the structure-activity relationship among the 1,4-DHP derivatives over the PSII, which revealed that both, size of the group at position 4 and the carbonyl groups at the dihydropyridine ring are important for the ligand's interaction, particularly for the hydrogen-bonding interaction with the residues His215, Ser264, and Phe265. Thus, the optimization of these molecular features is the aim of our research group to extend the knowledge of PSII electron chain inhibitors and the establishment of new potent bioactive molecular scaffolds.
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Herbicidas , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Herbicidas/química , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Clorofila A , Fotossíntese , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II , Clorofila/químicaRESUMO
The efficiency index (Effindex) combines internal and external loads, and it has been considered a promising tool to evaluate physical fitness status. However, its real applicability and limitations have not been elucidated yet. To examine and discuss the findings from studies that used Effindex as a tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports. A systematic search was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The databases conferred were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL. The articles selected were published up to March 2021. Fourteen articles were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. A wide variety of combinations of external and internal loading parameters to calculate Effindex were found. The pooled sample included 349 male participants (23 ± 3 years). Fifty-nine percent of the sample were soccer players, 20% rugby players, 10% Australian football players, 7% hurling players, and 4% basketball players. Most Effindex calculations used total distance (TD) divided by heart rate derived parameters. However, recent studies have suggested the use of accelerations as the external load parameter. Effindex is a simple and powerful tool for the evaluation of physical fitness status in team sports athletes. The disparity of external and internal loading parameters used to calculate Effindex may affect its sensitivity to detect changes in fitness status in different team sport settings. More studies with indoor team sports and female athletes are warranted.
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Abstract Introduction: Nasal septum deviation is the leading cause of upper airway obstruction. Chronic upper airway obstruction may cause myocardial injury due to chronic hypoxia. Effects of septoplasty on left venticular diastolic and sistolic functions are not well known. The myocardial performance index is an easy-to-apply and reliable parameter that reflects systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nasal septoplasty on the myocardial performance index in patients with nasal septal deviation. Methods: This prospective study consisted of 50 consecutive patients who underwent septoplasty due to symptomatic prominent C- or S-shaped nasal septal deviation. Transthoracic echocardiogarphy was performed in all patients before and 3 months after septoplasty. Calculated myocardial performance indices were compared. Results: Significantly higher left ventricular myocardial performance index (0.52 ± 0.06 vs. 0.41 ± 0.04, p < 0.001), longer isovolumic relaxation time (95.0 ± 12.5 vs. 78.0 ± 8.6 ms, p < 0.001), longer isovolumic contraction time (45.5 ± 7.8 vs. 39.5 ± 8.6 ms, p < 0.001), longer deceleration time (184.3 ± 32.5 vs. 163.6 ± 45.4 ms, p = 0.004), higher ratio of transmitral early to late peak velocities (E/A) (1.42 ± 0.4 vs. 1.16 ± 0.2, p = 0.006) and shorter ejection time (270.1 ± 18.3 vs. 286.5 ± 25.8 ms, p < 0.001) were observed before septoplasty when compared to values obtained 3 months after septoplasty. Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction was similar before and after septoplasty (63.8±2.8% vs. 64.6±3.2%, p =0.224). Conclusion: Septoplasty surgery not only reduces nasal blockage symptoms in nasal septal deviation patients but also may improve left ventricular performance. Thus, treatment of nasal septal deviation without delay is suggested to prevent possible future cardiovascular events.
Resumo Introdução: O desvio do septo nasal é a principal causa de obstrução das vias aéreas superiores. A obstrução crônica das vias aéreas superiores pode causar lesão miocárdica devido à hipóxia crônica. Os efeitos da septoplastia nas funções diastólica e sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo não são bem conhecidos. O índice de desempenho miocárdico é um parâmetro confiável e fácil de aplicar que reflete as funções cardíacas sistólica e diastólica. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito da septoplastia nasal no índice de desempenho miocárdico em pacientes com desvio de septo nasal. Método: Este estudo prospectivo consistiu em 50 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a septoplastia devido a desvio de septo nasal significativo sintomático em S ou C. A ecocardiogarfia transtorácica foi feita em todos os pacientes antes e 3 meses após a septoplastia. Os índices de desempenho miocárdico calculados foram comparados. Resultados: Um valor de indice de desempenho miocárdico ventricular esquerdo significantemente maior (0,52 ± 0,06 vs. 0,41 ± 0,04, p < 0,001), tempo mais longo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (95,0 ± 12,5 vs. 78,0 ± 8,6 ms, p < 0,001), tempo mais longo de contração isovolumétrica (45,5 ± 7,8 vs. 39,5 ± 8,6 ms, p < 0,001), tempo de desaceleração mais longo (184,3 ± 32,5 vs. 163,6 ± 45,4 ms, p = 0,004), maior razão de pico de velocidade transmitral precoce e tardia (E / A) (1,42 ± 0,4 vs. 1,16 ± 0,2, p = 0,006) e menor tempo de ejeção (270,1 ± 18,3 vs. 286,5 ± 25,8 ms, p < 0,001) foram observados antes da septoplastia quando comparados aos valores obtidos 3 meses após a septoplastia. A fração de ejeção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo foi semelhante antes e após a septoplastia (63,8 ± 2,8% vs. 64,6 ± 3,2%, p = 0,224). Conclusão: A cirurgia de septoplastia não apenas reduz os sintomas em pacientes com desvio de septo nasal, mas também pode melhorar o desempenho ventricular esquerdo. Assim, o tratamento precoce do desvio de septo nasal é sugerido para prevenir possíveis eventos cardiovasculares futuros.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fetal left ventricular modified myocardial performance index in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 51 women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and 80 healthy controls. Using Doppler ultrasonography, E-wave, A-wave, isovolumetric contraction time, isovolumetric relaxation time, and ejection time were recorded and the left ventricular modified myocardial performance index was measured. RESULTS: Findings showed that the mean left ventricular modified myocardial performance index, isovolumetric contraction time, and isovolumetric relaxation time values were statistically significantly higher while the ejection time and E/A ratios were statistically significantly lower in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group than the control group. In the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group, a statistically significant positive correlation was found between left ventricular modified myocardial performance index and adverse perinatal outcomes in the intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy group (r=0.478, p<0.001), while a statistically significant negative correlation was found between the E/A ratio and adverse perinatal outcomes (r=-0.701, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy cases, high fetal left ventricular modified myocardial performance index values were an indicator of ventricular dysfunction, and this correlated with negative perinatal outcomes.
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To derive a latent trait (for instance ability) in a computer adaptive testing (CAT) framework, the obtained results from a model must have a direct relationship to the examinees' response to a set of items presented. The set of items is previously calibrated to decide which item to present to the examinee in the next evaluation question. Some useful models are more naturally based on conditional probability in order to involve previously obtained hits/misses. In this paper, we integrate an experimental part, obtaining the information related to the examinee's academic performance, with a theoretical contribution of maximum entropy. Some academic performance index functions are built to support the experimental part and then explain under what conditions one can use constrained prior distributions. Additionally, we highlight that heuristic prior distributions might not properly work in all likely cases, and when to use personalized prior distributions instead. Finally, the inclusion of the performance index functions, arising from current experimental studies and historical records, are integrated into a theoretical part based on entropy maximization and its relationship with a CAT process.
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INTRODUCTION: Nasal septum deviation is the leading cause of upper airway obstruction. Chronic upper airway obstruction may cause myocardial injury due to chronic hypoxia. Effects of septoplasty on left venticular diastolic and sistolic functions are not well known. The myocardial performance index is an easy-to-apply and reliable parameter that reflects systolic and diastolic cardiac functions. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nasal septoplasty on the myocardial performance index in patients with nasal septal deviation. METHODS: This prospective study consisted of 50 consecutive patients who underwent septoplasty due to symptomatic prominent C- or S-shaped nasal septal deviation. Transthoracic echocardiogarphy was performed in all patients before and 3 months after septoplasty. Calculated myocardial performance indices were compared. RESULTS: Significantly higher left ventricular myocardial performance index (0.52⯱â¯0.06 vs. 0.41⯱â¯0.04, pâ¯<⯠0.001), longer isovolumic relaxation time (95.0 ± 12.5 vs. 78.0 ± 8.6 ms, pâ¯<⯠0.001), longer isovolumic contraction time (45.5 ± 7.8 vs. 39.5 ± 8.6 ms, pâ¯<⯠0.001), longer deceleration time (184.3 ± 32.5 vs. 163.6 ± 45.4 ms, pâ¯=⯠0.004), higher ratio of transmitral early to late peak velocities (E/A) (1.42 ± 0.4 vs. 1.16 ± 0.2, pâ¯=⯠0.006) and shorter ejection time (270.1 ± 18.3 vs. 286.5 ± 25.8 ms, pâ¯<⯠0.001) were observed before septoplasty when compared to values obtained 3 months after septoplasty. Left ventricular systolic ejection fraction was similar before and after septoplasty (63.8±2.8% vs. 64.6±3.2%, p â¯=â¯0.224). CONCLUSION: Septoplasty surgery not only reduces nasal blockage symptoms in nasal septal deviation patients but also may improve left ventricular performance. Thus, treatment of nasal septal deviation without delay is suggested to prevent possible future cardiovascular events.
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Obstrução Nasal , Deformidades Adquiridas Nasais , Rinoplastia , Humanos , Obstrução Nasal/etiologia , Septo Nasal/lesões , Septo Nasal/cirurgia , Deformidades Adquiridas Nasais/complicações , Deformidades Adquiridas Nasais/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Rinoplastia/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome presents many challenges for clinicians, and the optimal means of identifying pregnancies that will benefit most from intervention is controversial. There is currently no clinically available biomarker to detect twin-twin transfusion syndrome or to stratify cases based on the risk factors. microRNAs are small RNAs that regulate gene expression and are biomarkers for various disease processes, including adult and pediatric heart failure. To date, no studies have investigated amniotic fluid microRNAs as biomarkers for disease severity, specifically for severe recipient cardiomyopathy in twin-twin transfusion syndrome cases. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess whether amniotic fluid microRNAs could be useful as biomarkers to identify pregnancies at greatest risk for severe recipient cardiomyopathy associated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Amniotic fluid was collected at the time of amnioreduction or selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation from monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies with twin-twin transfusion syndrome at any stage. Fetal echocardiography was performed on all twins before the procedure, and severe cardiomyopathy was defined as a right ventricular myocardial performance index of the recipient fetus of >4 Z-scores. microRNA was extracted from the amniotic fluid samples and analyzed using an array panel assessing 379 microRNAs (TaqMan Open Array, ThermoFisher). Student t tests were performed to determine significant differences in microRNA expression between pregnancies with severe recipient cardiomyopathy and those with preserved cardiac function. A stringent q value of <.0025 was used to determine differential microRNA expression. Random forest plots identified the top 3 microRNAs that separated the 2 groups, and hierarchical cluster analysis was used to determine if these microRNAs properly segregated the samples according to their clinical groups. RESULTS: A total of 14 amniotic fluid samples from pregnancies with twin-twin transfusion syndrome with severe cardiomyopathy were compared with samples from 12 twin-twin transfusion syndrome control cases with preserved cardiac function. A total of 110 microRNAs were identified in the amniotic fluid samples. Twenty microRNAs were differentially expressed, and the top 3 differentiating microRNAs were hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-539-5p. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on these top 3 microRNAs showed a strong ability to differentiate severe cardiomyopathy cases from controls. The top 3 microRNAs were used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of these microRNAs to differentiate between the 2 groups with a receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrating sensitivity and specificity of 80.8%. All 20 differentially expressed microRNAs were down-regulated in the group with severe cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: Amniotic fluid microRNAs demonstrated differential expression between twin-twin transfusion syndrome recipient fetuses with severe cardiomyopathy and those without and have the potential to be important biomarkers of disease severity in this population.
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Líquido Amniótico/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias/metabolismo , Transfusão Feto-Fetal/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Análise por Conglomerados , Regulação para Baixo , Drenagem , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Transfusão Feto-Fetal/terapia , Fetoscopia , Humanos , Fotocoagulação , Gravidez , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objective: To establish reference ranges for the fetal left ventricle (LV) modified myocardial performance index (Mod-MPI), respective time periods, and right and left atrioventricular peak velocities between 20 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation.Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 360 low-risk singleton pregnancies between 20 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation. The LV Mod-MPI was calculated as (isovolumetric contraction time + isovolumetric relaxation time)/ejection time. Polynomial regression was used to obtain the best-fit using Mod-MPI and atrioventricular peak velocity measurements and gestational age (GA) with adjustments using the coefficient of determination (R2). The intra- and interobserver reliability was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).Results: LV Mod-MPI (R2 = 0.026, p = .002) and isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT) (R2 = 0.036, p < .001) significantly increased with advancing GA. Isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and ejection time (ET) did not significantly change with GA. RV and LV E wave, A wave, and E/A ratio significantly increased with GA (p < .001). The mean of each parameter ranged as follows: LV Mod-MPI (0.44-0.47 s), IRT (0.041-0.045 s), ICT (0.032-0.034 s), ET (0.167-0.167 s), RV E (30.2-46.91 cm/s), RV A (47.1-60.7 cm/s), RV E/A (0.65-0.78 cm/s), LV E (27.0-41.4 cm/s), LV A (43.2-53.8 cm/s), and LV E/A (0.63-0.78 cm/s). Only LV A wave measurements demonstrated an intraobserver CCC >0.80. The remaining intra- and interobserver reproducibility parameters demonstrated lower CCC.Conclusions: Reference values were replicated for the fetal LV Mod-MPI and LV and RV transvalvular peak velocities between 20 and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation.
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Coração Fetal , Ventrículos do Coração , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idade Gestacional , Ventrículos do Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Valores de Referência , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ultrassonografia Pré-NatalRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM) on fetal cardiac function two-dimensional parameters using spectral and tissue Doppler. Pregnant women between 20 and 36 + 6 weeks gestation were divided into three groups: controls, type I DM, and type II DM. The right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) annular velocity peaks were measured using spectral (E, A) and tissue (E', A', S') Doppler. The myocardial performance index was calculated as (isovolumetric contraction time [ICT] + isovolumetric relaxation time [IRT])/ejection time using tissue (MPI') and the spectral Doppler (MPI). A general linear model, with fetal heart rate as a covariant, was used to evaluate the effect of DM on the fetal heart function assessment parameters. To assess the association of type I and II DM with adverse perinatal outcomes, Fisher's exact test was used. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best cutoff for fetal cardiac function assessment parameters to identify the neonatal composite outcomes. The sample comprised 179 pregnant women. DM had significant effect on RV and LV A peak velocities (p = 0.026 and p = 0.011, respectively). LV ICT (p < 0.001) and LV MPI (p < 0.001) were significantly affected by maternal DM. Fetuses from pregnant women with type II DM showed significantly higher LV MPI (0.492 vs. 0.459, p = 0.006) and RV S' (7.2 vs. 6.44 cm/s, p = 0.024) than controls. Fetuses from type I DM pregnant women showed increase in cardiac parameters that evaluated the LV and RV diastolic function (LV IRT' p < 0.001 and RV MPI' p = 0.044). Type I and II DM were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes: neonatal intensive care unit stay (p < 0.0001), macrosomia (p < 0.0001), hyperbilirubinemia (p < 0.0001), and hypoglycemia (p < 0.0001). The LV MPI' showed significant but moderate sensitivity in identifying the composite neonatal outcomes (AUC: 0.709, 95% CI 0.629-0.780, p < 0.001). Tissue Doppler and MPI parameters can be useful to detect subclinical cardiac dysfunction in the fetal heart of pregestational DM pregnant women.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez em Diabéticas , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Função Ventricular Direita , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Feminino , Coração Fetal/fisiopatologia , Idade Gestacional , Cardiopatias/etiologia , Cardiopatias/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this research is to investigate the correlation of morphological characteristics, that is, body composition characteristics with the competitive performance of female basketball players of cadet (U16) age, in general and depending on the position played in the basketball team. The research involved female basketball players from the U16 section of the three best basketball clubs from the First Cadet League of Serbia (N = 30). This research consisted of measuring the characteristics of body composition, as a space of independent variables and the analysis of competitive activities where the dependent variable represents the level of achieved competitive performance. Based on the results of the Pearson Correlation Analysis, which was made for determining the degree of connection between the dependent variable and the independent variables, it can be seen that general level competitive performance is associated with the variables: percentage skeletal muscle mass, index of hypokinesy and protein-fat index. Viewed from the point of the position played in the team, the statistically significant relationship between the independent and the dependent variable was recorded only in the forwards position. Competitive and more successful forward players are distinguished by a small percentage of body fat mass, a higher percentage of muscle mass, a smaller hypokinesy index and a larger protein-fat index. The practical application of this research can be seen in the control system of applied training work, then selection, as well as in the creation of a model for morphological characteristics of players in the cadet (U16) age.
El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la correlación entre las características morfológicas, es especial, las características de la composición corporal y el rendimiento competitivo de jugadoras de baloncesto cadetes, en general y en cada posición en el equipo. La investigación incluyó a las jugadoras de baloncesto femenino U16 de los tres mejores clubes de Primera Liga de Cadetes de Serbia (N = 30). Esta investigación consistió en medir las características de la composición corporal, como un espacio de variables independientes, y el análisis de actividades competitivas, donde la variable dependiente representa el nivel de rendimiento competitivo alcanzado. Sobre la base de los resultados del análisis de coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, que se realizó con el propósito de determinar el grado de conexión entre la variable dependiente y las variables independientes, se pudo observar que, en general, el rendimiento competitivo está vinculado a las variables: porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética, índice de hipocinesia e índice proteínagrasa. Desde el punto de vista de posiciones dentro de un equipo de baloncesto, la relación estadísticamente importante entre la variable independiente y la variable dependiente ha sido registrada solamente en la posición de delantero. Las jugadoras delanteras más exitosas y competitivas se distinguen por un bajo porcentaje de grasa en su masa corporal, así como un mayor porcentaje de masa muscular, un índice de hipocinesia más bajo y un índice proteína-grasa más alto. El uso práctico de esta investigación se puede ver en el sistema de control del trabajo de entrenamiento aplicado, luego en la selección, así como en la creación de modelos de características morfológicas de jugadoras en la categoría cadetes (U16).
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Basquetebol , Antropometria , Desempenho Atlético , Modelos LinearesRESUMO
Many studies have been conducted on hospital solid waste management (HSWM) throughout the world, especially developing countries. This interdisciplinary study aims to summarize the available knowledge on the health and environmental risks of hospital solid waste (HSW) and also, develop a dynamic associational assessment among hospital solid waste generation rate (HSWGR), hospital solid waste composition (HSWC), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and environmental performance index (EPI) in some developing countries for the first time. The results of this study showed that researchers from India, China, Pakistan, Brazil, and Iran had found more evidence about the health, economic, and environmental issues in HSW than the other developing countries. The literature showed that the highest and lowest reported HSWGR (in national average level) belonged to Ethiopia (6.03) and India (0.24) kg bed -1 day-1, respectively. It has also been shown that all studied countries except Serbia, have higher levels of hazardous waste in their HSWC, based on the WHO's standard. Furthermore, the quantity and quality of HSW in developing countries depend on the service provided by the hospital, type of hospital, HSWM system, and the level of regional economic and culture. The association analysis showed that the EPI and GDP per capita of developing countries were significantly (p-value <0.05) associated with HSWGR, non-hazardous HSW, and hazardous HSW by the Spearman coefficients equal to 0.389, 0.118, -0.118, and 0.122, 0.216, and -0.346, respectively. However, it can be concluded that GDP per capita and EPI have a weak correlation with hazardous HSW and non-hazardous HSW. Moreover, HSW has many hazardous health and environmental risks such as dioxin and furan, that must be controlled and managed through implementing programs and policies based on sustainable development. As a final point, we believed that the present study can be considered to be a guide for future studies on HSWM in developing countries.
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Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Resíduos Perigosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais/estatística & dados numéricos , Resíduos Sólidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Gerenciamento de Resíduos/métodos , Brasil , China , Poluição Ambiental , Humanos , Índia , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , PaquistãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a phosphorus-regulating hormone and plays a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of FGF-23 levels with echocardiographic parameters and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with gestational diabetes. Subjects and methods: Fifty-four pregnant patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (age, 31.12 ± 5.72 years) and 33 healthy pregnant women (age, 29.51 ± 4.92 years) were involved in the study. Fasting insulin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), FGF23, echocardiographic parameters, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) were evaluated in the two groups. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in age, sex, body mass index, lipid profile, or blood pressure. Insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), FGF-23 levels, CIMT, left ventricular (LV) mass, LV mass index and myocardial performance index (MPI) were significantly higher in the GDM group. HOMA-IR was positively correlated with FGF-23, and insulin was positively correlated with FGF-23. Additionally, FGF-23 was positively correlated with CIMT, LV mass index, and MPI. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that monitoring serum FGF-23 may be useful as a non-invasive indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with GDM.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/sangue , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/sangue , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/sangue , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Glicemia/análise , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Resistência à Insulina , Ecocardiografia Doppler/métodos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Jejum , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangueRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Fetal hemodynamic changes have already been described during open myelomeningocele repair. This study aimed to access fetal myocardial performance index (MPI) during this high-complexity surgery. METHODS: Open myelomeningocele repair was performed in 37 fetuses between the 24th and 27th week of gestation. MPI was calculated at specific periods: pre-anesthesia, postanesthesia, neurosurgery (early skin manipulation, spinal cord releasing, and sintesis), and end of surgery. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of MPI and its related times-isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET)-was determined for each period. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to assess differences among these periods. Tukey multiple comparison times test compared global surgery stages. RESULTS: The mean of MPI in the specific time points was 0.32, 0.32, 0.34, 0.48, 0.36, and 0.32, respectively (P < .001). In the two-tailed comparison times, neurosurgery stage presents MPI highest levels, especially on stage 3b (early skin manipulation and spinal cord releasing) related to ICT and IRT rising and ET decreased levels. CONCLUSION: Fetal global cardiac function is altered during the open myelomeningocele repair. The neurosurgery stage represents the critical phase of the procedure.
Assuntos
Coração Fetal/cirurgia , Meningomielocele/cirurgia , Monitorização Intraoperatória/métodos , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal/métodos , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Coração Fetal/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração Fetal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Meningomielocele/diagnóstico por imagem , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
RESUMO A ausência de planejamento e da integração entre as entidades responsáveis pelo gerenciamento da infraestrutura urbana associada à ocupação inadequada do espaço da cidade ocasiona sobrecargas em determinados trechos da rede pluvial. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho hidráulico do sistema de drenagem de águas pluviais urbanas do Campus Universitário "Professor Zeferino Vaz", de tal forma que sejam identificados quais trechos apresentam sobrecarga e eventualmente inundações locais. Normalmente, em áreas urbanas, os dados hidrológicos disponíveis restringem-se aos dados pluviométricos. Dessa forma, são necessários métodos de transformação de chuva-vazão para o cálculo das vazões afluentes à rede de drenagem. Após a determinação das vazões afluentes, foram avaliadas as condições hidráulicas de operação em regime permanente variado. Por meio de índices de desempenho hidráulico reportados na literatura, foram avaliados graus de sobrecarga em cada trecho da rede de drenagem urbana. Além disso, a elaboração da matriz da contribuição hidráulica da rede de drenagem possibilitou identificar as causas das sobrecargas em cada trecho. As avaliações das redes do campus realizadas com período de retorno de 5 anos mostraram que o campus possui pelo menos 12 pontos de alagamento. Nesse sentido, o índice de desempenho hidráulico e a matriz de contribuições poderão constituir um importante instrumento também para uma eventual reabilitação dessas redes.
ABSTRACT The lack of effective planning and integration between the urban infrastructure administrations associated with the widespread soil development provokes surcharge over the storm sewer pipe network. This work aimed to assess the hydraulic performance of an urban stormwater sewer pipe network located at the main campus of the State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in such a manner that it is possible to identify those surcharged reaches and eventually local floods. Since flow rates are not available in urban watersheds, the overland flow was estimated by rainfall-runoff transformation methods. Next, the steady state hydraulic analysis was used to estimate the hydraulic heads in the pipe network. Hydraulic performance index, the ratio of overcharge in each pipe network segment and the hydraulic contribution matrix showed what segments cause each manhole surge. The results for the five-years return period rainfall show that there are at least 12 manhole surge locations in the area, which are vulnerable to local floods. In this sense, the hydraulic performance index and the contribution matrix may be important instruments also for an eventual rehabilitation work to the stormwater sewer pipe network in this area.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in fetal left ventricle myocardial performance index (MPI) following intrauterine intravascular transfusion (IUT). METHODS: Prospective study, including 25 IUT performed in 13 singleton pregnancies with maternal Rh D alloimmune disease. Left ventricle MPI was evaluated prior to transfusion and repeated 24 h after each procedure. Delta MPI was calculated as the difference between post- and pre-transfusion MPI z-scores. Multilevel regression analysis was used to examine the association between delta MPI and gestational age at procedure, fetal middle cerebral artery peak velocity MoM, pre- and post-MPI and hemoglobin z-score values, the volume of blood transfused and feto-placental volume percentage expansion. Adjustments were made for repeated measurements within the same fetus, and across different time points. The significance level was set as 0.05. RESULTS: MPI z-score values increased significantly following transfusion (delta MPI = 1.10 ± 2.47, p=0.036). Delta MPI showed a significant correlation with gestational age at transfusion (r= -0.47, p=0.018), pre-transfusion MPI z-score (r= -0.50, p=0.012) and feto-placental volume percentage expansion (r= -0.41, p=0.044). CONCLUSION: Left ventricle MPI increases significantly after intrauterine blood transfusion and greater changes are associated with procedures at an earlier gestational age, lower pre-transfusion MPI z-scores and smaller feto-placental volume expansion.
Assuntos
Transfusão de Sangue Intrauterina , Coração Fetal/fisiopatologia , Isoimunização Rh/terapia , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Artéria Cerebral Média/embriologia , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiopatologia , Miocárdio , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Rh-Hr/imunologiaRESUMO
Extracting characteristics and information from Auditory Evoked Potentials recordings (AEPs) involves difficulties due to their very low amplitude, which makes the AEPs easily hidden by artifacts from physiological or external sources like the EEG/EMG, blinking, and line-noise. To tackle this problem, some authors have used Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to successfully de-noise brain signals. However, since interest has been mainly focused on removing artifacts like blinking, not much attention has been paid to the quality of the recovered evoked potential. This is the AEP case, where literature reports interesting results on the de-noising matter, but without an objective evaluation of the AEP finally extracted (and the influence of different implementations or configurations of ICA). Here, to study the performance of three popular ICA algorithms (FastICA, Ext-Infomax, and SOBI) at separating AEPs from a mixture, a synthetic dataset composed of one Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (LLAEP) signal and the most frequent artifacts was generated. Next, the quality of the independent components (ICs) estimated by such algorithms was measured by using the AMARI performance index (Am), the signal interference ratio index (SIR), and the time required to achieve separation. Results indicated that the FastICA implementation, with the symmetric approach and the power cubic contrast function, is more likely to provide the best and faster separation of the LLAEP, which makes it suitable for this purpose.
La extracción de características e información de los registros de Potenciales Evocados Auditivos (AEPs) es complicada debido a su baja energía, la que lo hace fácilmente enmascarable por artefactos de origen fisiológico o externo, como el EEG/EMG, el parpadeo y el ruido de línea. Este problema ha sido abordado por algunos autores mediante el uso del Análisis por Componentes Independientes (ICA, por sus siglas en inglés), que se ha utilizado principalmente para reducir artefactos. Estos trabajos han enfocado su interés en la tarea de remover artefactos como el parpadeo, por lo que han descuidado el estudio de la calidad del potencial evocado recuperado. Este es el caso del AEP, donde aun cuando la literatura reporta resultados interesantes en la reducción de artefactos, no existe una evaluación objetiva del AEP finalmente extraído (y el efecto de usar diferentes implementaciones/configuraciones de ICA). En este trabajo, con el objetivo de cuantificar el desempeño de tres algoritmos de ICA (FastICA, Ext-Infomax, y SOBI) en la calidad de la separación de los AEPs, se generó una mezcla sintética de señales compuesta por un Potencial Evocado Auditivos de Latencia Larga (LLAEP) y artefactos frecuentemente presentes en estos registros. Después, se cuantificó la calidad de los componentes independientes (ICs, por sus siglas en inglés) estimados por estos algoritmos utilizando el índice de desempeño (AMARI, por sus siglas en inglés) el índice de la relación de interferencia entre señales (SIR, por sus siglas en inglés) y el tiempo requerido para realizar la separación. Los resultados indican que FastICA, con el enfoque simétrico y la función de contraste potencia cúbica, proporciona la mejor y más rápida separación del LLAEP, lo que lo vuelve idóneo para esta tarea.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) in Brazilians aged 50-74 years; to test the impact of oral health on 'work' and 'vigorous physical activity'. BACKGROUND: Clinical oral health indicators do not assess the perceived impact of oral health on people's lives. METHODS: The study was performed through small group interviews, pilot studies and a main study with 200 people aged 50 and over. Data were collected through interviews in health centres. RESULTS: For content validity, 'eating' (1.00, p < 0.001) and 'speaking' (0.96, p < 0.001) obtained the highest level of agreement among experts. For criterion and construct validity, there was an inverse correlation between self-rated oral health, perceived oral treatment needs and satisfaction with oral health and OIDP score. Cronbach's alpha coefficient varied from 0.69 to 0.67 when 'work' and 'vigorous physical activities' were deleted. Test-retest reliability was 0.69 (ICC). CONCLUSION: The validation process showed that the Brazilian OIDP has the necessary basic psychometric properties to be used in the 50-74 years age group in Brazil. 'Work' and 'vigorous physical activities' had low impact on oral health. The activity 'vigorous physical activities' was not maintained in the instrument because of its low impact, while 'work' was maintained due of the increase in the 50-59 years age group in the Brazilian population.