RESUMO
O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão de escopo sobre pesquisas que investigam a re-lação entre a Teoria da Mente (ToM) e o bullying escolar em sete bases de dados nas áreas da saúde/psico-logia (PubMed, PsycInfo e Lilacs), da educação (Eric) e interdisciplinares (SciELO, Web of Science e Scopus). Dos 270 arquivos identificados inicialmente, 14 foram elegíveis para a revisão e analisados a respeito dos seus principais resultados, das medidas em ToM utilizadas e das variáveis relacionadas à classificação de bullying. Verificou-se que a maioria dos estudos reportou uma relação direta (relações que tendem a ser estatisticamente significativas) e/ou indireta (mediada por outras variáveis) entre papéis dos envolvidos e tipos de bullying e o desempenho em tarefas de ToM. Contudo, uma discussão crítica em relação às medi-das de avaliação em ToM foi realizada e apontou a necessidade de esclarecimento no tipo de avaliação e de atualização das tarefas.
The present study aimed to conduct a scoping review on researches which investigated the relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and school bullying in seven databases in the areas of health/psychology (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Lilacs), education (Eric), and interdisciplinary (SciELO, Web of Science, and Scopus). Of the 270 results initially identified, 14 were eligible for review and analyzed regarding their main results, the measures in ToM used, and variables related to the classification of bullying. It was found that most studies reported a direct (relationships that tend to be statistically significant) and/or indirect (mediated by other variables) relationship between the roles of the students involved and types of bullying and the performance in tasks of ToM. However, a critical discussion regarding the assessment measures in ToM was carried out pointing to the need for clarification in the type of assessment and updating of tasks.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo llevar a cabo una revisión del alcance de estudios que investigan la relación entre Teoría de la Mente (ToM) y el bullying en siete bases de datos de las áreas de salud/psicología (PubMed, PsycInfo y Lilacs), educación (Eric) e interdisciplinares (SciELO, Web of Science y Scopus). De los 270 estudios identificados inicialmente, 14 fueron revisados y analizados con respecto a sus principales resultados, a las medidas utilizadas en ToM y a las variables relacionadas con la clasificación del bullying. Se encontró que la mayoría de los estudios reportaron una relación directa (relaciones que tienden a ser estadísticamente significativas) y/o indirecta (mediada por otras variables) entre los roles de los involu-crados y los tipos de bullying y el desempeño en las tareas de ToM. Sin embargo, se realizó un debate crítico sobre las medidas de evaluación en ToM, señalando la necesidad de aclaración en el tipo de evaluación y actualización de las tareas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Teoria da Mente , Mudança Social , RevisãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the mediating effects of socioemotional and behavioral functioning in the association between physical activity and academic achievement in Chinese children. STUDY DESIGN: Chinese children (n = 17 318; aged 6-11 years) from the Shanghai Children's Health, Education and Lifestyle Evaluation study in 2014 were the source of data. Children reported the time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) during weekdays and weekends. Parents rated their children's socioemotional and behavioral difficulties. Head teachers rated the academic performance of each student. A mediation analysis with multiple mediators was performed to test the mediation effects of 5 socioemotional and behavioral variables (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention, peer relationship, and prosocial behaviors) in the association between MVPA and academic achievement, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables. RESULTS: Results revealed that MVPA was positively associated with academic performance (b = 0.78; SE = .01; P < .001). Conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention, and peer problems showed significant mediating effects in the association between MVPA and academic achievement, with hyperactivity and inattention being the strongest mediator (b = 0.38; SE = 0.04; P < .001) accounting for 49% of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that MVPA is associated with fewer socioemotional difficulties, which, in turn, is associated with better academic achievement. Promoting physical activity among school-aged children may benefit their overall development.
Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico , Povo Asiático , Transtornos de Deficit da Atenção e do Comportamento Disruptivo/psicologia , Emoções , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Social , Criança , China , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Understanding the social context of classrooms has been a central goal of research focused on the promotion of academic development. Building on the current literature on classroom social settings and guided by a risk and protection framework, this study examines the unique and combined contribution of individual relationships and quality of classroom interactions on behavioral engagement among low-income Latino students in kindergarten to fifth grade (N = 111). Findings indicate that individual relationships with teachers and peers and classroom quality, each independently predicted behavioral engagement. Moreover, high-quality classrooms buffered the negative influence of students' difficulties in individual relationships on behavioral engagement. Findings illuminate the need to consider multiple layers of social classroom relationships and interactions and suggest the potential benefit of targeting classroom quality as a mechanism for improving behavioral engagement in urban elementary schools.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/terapia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/educação , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/educação , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Comportamento Social , Meio Social , Apoio Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Logro , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Pré-Escolar , República Dominicana/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Masculino , Grupo Associado , Fatores de Proteção , Carência Psicossocial , Fatores de Risco , Professores Escolares , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Se presenta un estudio piloto cuyo propósito fue analizar la eficacia de un programa de intervención psico-educativo que promueva la resolución pacífica de los conflictos entre pares en la escuela. Los participantes fueron 117 niños y niñas de 9 a 11 años, de 4to y 5to año de primaria, quienes fueron evaluados según sus relaciones socio-afectivas en el aula, sus estatus grupales (popularidad, rechazo, aislamiento) y sus comportamientos. La intervención psico-educativa se realizó en las aulas durante tres meses en coordinación con los maestros. Los resultados mostraron que el entrenamiento en habilidades socio-cognitivas resultó efectivo para la disminución de las repuestas agresivas a través de la utilización alternativa de otras conductas y la anticipación para resolver conflictos interpersonales.
This pilot research aims firstly, to evaluate the group status (popularity, rejection, and isolation) related to dysfunctional behaviors, and secondly, to analyze the efficiency of an intervention program to promote the peaceful resolution of interpersonal problems. Socio-emotional relationship and behavior of 117 boys /girls aged between 9 to 11 year old of 4th and 5th grade were evaluated. A psycho-educational intervention program was implemented and assessed pre and post intervention. The results showed that the socio-cognitive skills training were effective to reduce the aggressive response through other alternative behaviors and the early decision process to solve peer conflicts.
RESUMO
Este trabajo se propone indagar tipos de apego a madre y pares en 83 mujeres de 12 a 18 años (Media: 14,63 años, DS 1,20) con Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (n=30) y sin ellos (n=53) y analizar si el tipo de apego a madre se repite en pares. Se utilizó durante la fase clínica de un estudio bietápico (UBACyT 2008-2010), el Inventario de Apego a Padres y Pares (IPPA, Armsden & Greenberg 1987). Resultados: Los grupos clínico y control se diferencian significativamente en el apego a la madre (p < .001) y de manera marginal en pares, al mismo tiempo se hallaron inluencias del apego a madre en pares. Conclusiones: Se conirma la teoría de un vínculo patógeno madre-hija en anorexia y bulimia pero, pese a que la tendencia es a repetir el tipo de apego, los valores no son suficientes para concluir que el apego evitativo hallado en relación con la madre en población clínica se replica en pares. Debería ampliarse el tamaño de la muestra para poder conirmar dicha tendencia.
The present study examines attachment types to mother and peer in eighty-three women of 12 -18 years old (Media:14,63 years, SD 1,20) with Eating Disorders (n=30) and without them (n=53). In order to research repeated tendencies in types of attachment to mother and peer, in 2009, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA, Armsden & Greenberg 1987) was self-reported during the clinical phase of a two phases study (UBACyT 2008-2010). Results: Clinical and control groups present significantly differences in mother scale (p < .001), but marginal ones in peer scale. At the same time, inluences of mother attachment into peers´ were found. Conclusions: Results conirm the ethio-pathogenic relationship between mother-daughter in eating disorders but even there are tendencies repeated in both attachment mother-daughter, statistical indings are not enough to assure that insecure attachment with mother replicates with peer. Same study in a bigger sample should be done to conirm so.