RESUMO

Active learning has consistently played a significant role in education. Through interactive tasks, group projects, and a variety of engaging activities, students are encouraged to forge connections with the subject matter. However, the pandemic has necessitated that educators adapt and refine their active learning techniques to accommodate the online environment. This has resulted in stimulating innovations in the field, encompassing virtual simulations, online collaboration tools, and interactive multimedia. The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly transformed the landscape of teaching and learning, particularly in higher education. One of the most prominent shifts has been the widespread adoption of active learning techniques, which have increased student engagement and fostered deeper learning experiences. In this chapter, we examine the evolution of active learning during the pandemic, emphasizing its advantages and challenges. Furthermore, we delve into the role of advances in artificial intelligence and their potential to enhance the effectiveness of active learning approaches. As we once focused on leveraging the opportunities of remote teaching, we must now shift our attention to harnessing the power of AI responsibly and ethically to benefit our students. Drawing from our expertise in educational innovation, we provide insights and recommendations for educators aiming to maximize the benefits of active learning in the post-pandemic era.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: El método de calistenia gimnástica se configura como una modalidad de ejercicios específicos que involucra la adopción de posturas artificiales a través de movimientos particulares. Estos movimientos están diseñados para producir efectos higiénicos y educativos claramente definidos. Esta modalidad de ejercicio guarda notables similitudes con el modus operandi de los vocalise en la pedagogía vocal. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar las relaciones potenciales entre los principios técnico-científicos que guían el sistema de calistenia gimnástica y los principios técnico-pedagógicos que rigen los ejercicios vocales realizados por cantantes durante su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Asimismo, se busca explorar las conexiones entre los objetivos y propósitos del sistema de calistenia gimnástica y los de los ejercicios vocales en dicho proceso. Método: Para abordar este objetivo, se llevó a cabo una investigación bibliográfica que implicó el análisis detallado de fuentes pertinentes. Se examinaron publicaciones académicas y literatura especializada relacionada con la calistenia gimnástica y la pedagogía vocal. Reflexión: La calistenia gimnástica y los ejercicios vocales comparten una estructura fundamental de ejercicios específicos que implican posturas artificiales y movimientos específicos. Ambos buscan un refinamiento en la higienización y educación, permitiendo a los individuos, ya sea en el ámbito físico o vocal, desarrollarse de manera adecuada y saludable. Conclusión: A partir de la investigación bibliográfica, se concluye que los ejercicios vocales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los cantantes pueden considerarse una suerte de calistenia vocal. Esta conclusión se fundamenta en las relaciones intrínsecas observadas entre los principios y objetivos del sistema de calistenia gimnástica y el modus operandi de los ejercicios vocales. Esta reflexión aporta perspectivas valiosas a la pedagogía vocal, con el fin de ofrecer una comprensión más específicamente fisiológica y biomecánica de los ejercicios vocales, orientando mejor la aplicación de las vocalizaciones en el proceso de educación y entrenamiento vocal.

Introduction: The gymnastic calisthenics method is configured as a specific form of exercises involving the adoption of artificial postures through specific movements. These movements are designed to produce clearly defined hygienic and educational effects. This mode of exercise bears notable similarities to the modus operandi of vocalises in vocal pedagogy. Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate the potential relationships between the technical-scientific principles that guide the gymnastic calisthenics system and the technical-pedagogical principles governing vocal exercises practiced by singers during their teaching and learning process. Additionally, it aims to explore the connections between the objectives and purposes of the gymnastic calisthenics system and those of vocal exercises in this process. Method: To address this objective, a bibliographic research was conducted, involving a detailed analysis of relevant sources. Academic publications and specialized literature related to gymnastic calisthenics and vocal pedagogy were examined. Reflection: Gymnastic calisthenics and vocal exercises share a fundamental structure of specific exercises involving artificial postures and specific movements. Both seek refinement in hygiene and education, enabling individuals, either in the physical or vocal realm, to develop appropriately and healthily. Conclusion: Based on the bibliographic research, it is concluded that vocal exercises in the teaching and learning process of singers can be considered a form of vocal calisthenics. This conclusion is based on the intrinsic relationships observed between the principles and objectives of the gymnastic calisthenics system and the modus operandi of vocal exercises. This reflection provides valuable insights into vocal pedagogy, aiming to offer a more specifically physiological and biomechanical understanding of vocal exercises. This effectively guides the application of vocalizations in the process of vocal education and training.

RESUMO

El estudio analiza, mediante una revisión sistemática, los efectos de los juegos reducidos en la enseñanza de habilidades técnicas y tácticas básicas del baloncesto en niños y adolescentes. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed, Eric y Scopus. considerando investigaciones originales publicadas desde el año 2010 hasta 2020. La búsqueda incluyó términos referentes al modelo de población, intervención, comparación, resultados y tipos de estudio (PICOS). Los artículos encontrados se examinaron con participación de revisores mediante criterios de selección predefinidos. De la revisión, un total de seis artículos cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad, los resultados muestran que prevalecen juegos reducidos en modalidad 3v3 en mitad de cancha y la presencia e instrucción del entrenador en el desarrollo del juego. La revisión muestra que la aplicación de juegos reducidos en baloncesto es una estrategia metodológica eficaz para mejorar aspectos técnicos y tácticos básicos del deporte. Parece ser que la frecuencia y participación de los jugadores durante el juego podrían contribuir al desarrollo de habilidades técnicas y tácticas en el baloncesto.

The study analyzes, through a systematic review, the effects of small-sided games in teaching basic technical and tactical basketball skills in children and adolescents. To do this, a search was carried out in the Web of Science, PubMed, Eric, and Scopus, focusing on original research published from 2010 to 2020. The search criteria encompassed population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study types (PICOS). The identified articles were carefully examined by reviewers according to predetermined selection criteria. From the review, a total of six articles met the eligibility criteria, revealing a prevalence of small-sided games, particularly in a 3v3 format on half-court, and the significant role of coach presence and instruction in game development. The review shows that the implementation of small-sided games in basketball proves to be an effective methodological approach to enhancing fundamental technical and tactical aspects of the sport. It appears that both the frequency and active involvement of players during the games contribute to the development of technical and tactical skills in basketball.

O estudo analisa, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, os efeitos dos jogos reduzidos no ensino das habilidades técnicas e táticas básicas do basquetebol em crianças e adolescentes. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Web of Science, PubMed, Eric e Scopus, considerando pesquisas originais publicadas entre 2010 e 2020. A busca incluiu termos referentes ao modelo de população, intervenção, comparação, resultados e tipos de estudos (PICOS). Os artigos encontrados foram examinados por revisores com base em critérios de seleção predefinidos. A partir da revisão, um total de seis artigos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados mostram que prevalecem jogos reduzidos na modalidade 3v3 na metade da quadra e a presença e instrução do treinador no desenvolvimento do jogo. A revisão mostra que a aplicação de jogos reduzidos no basquetebol é uma estratégia metodológica eficaz para melhorar os aspectos técnicos e táticos básicos do esporte. Parece que a frequência e a participação dos jogadores durante o jogo podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento das habilidades técnicas e táticas no basquetebol.

RESUMO

Introducción: La educación superior en general y la médica en lo particular han evidenciado su importancia en el desarrollo histórico de la sociedad. En este contexto la pedagogía crítica enuncia los principios fundamentales para el desarrollo de la educación. Se presenta como una perspectiva emancipadora de la formación para entender y resolver los problemas relacionados con la práctica pedagógica según las exigencias sociales. Objetivo: Mostrar las relaciones entre los principios de la pedagogía crítica y las funciones de la profesionalización docente en la Educación Médica Superior. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptivo bajo el enfoque dialéctico materialista con la utilización de dos fuentes de información, la revisión bibliográfica y documental que permitió la indagación teórica sobre la temática que se estudia con los métodos: histórico - lógico, analítico - sintético y la sistematización. Resultados: Se pudo constatar que la profesionalización docente de la Educación Superior deberá utilizar la pedagogía crítica como una importante herramienta para el desarrollo de la actuación docente, pues esta constituye un referente importante para el logro del desarrollo profesional. Discusión: Se justifica la expresión de la pedagogía critica en y desde la profesionalización docente de la Educación Médica Superior debido a la necesidad que imponen las constante transformaciones que tiene que afrontar esta, a tenor de la realidad siempre cambiantes en al ámbito económico, político, social y cultural del país y del mundo.

Introduction: Higher education in general and medical education in particular have demonstrated their importance in the historical development of society. In this context, critical pedagogy states the fundamental principles for the development of education. It is presented as an emancipatory perspective of training to understand and solve problems related to pedagogical practice according to social demands. Objective: to show the relationships between the principles of critical pedagogy and the functions of teaching professionalization in Higher Medical Education. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out under the dialectical materialist approach with the use of two sources of information, the bibliographic and documentary review that allowed the theoretical investigation on the topic being studied with the methods: historical - logical, analytical - synthetic and systematization. Results: It was confirmed that the teaching professionalization of Higher Education must use critical pedagogy as an important tool for the development of teaching performance, since this constitutes an important reference for the achievement of professional development. Discussion: The expression of critical pedagogy in and from the teaching professionalization of Higher Medical Education is justified due to the need imposed by the constant transformations that it has to face, in light of the ever-changing reality in the economic, political, social and cultural of the country and the world.

RESUMO

Meios tático-técnicos e sistemas defensivos no hande-bol constituem-se como conhecimentos específicos da modalida-de que precisam ser organizados e terem seu ensino planejado pelo treinador. Este estudo identificou os conteúdos defensivos e as preferências para seu ensino por treinadores da categoria sub-14. Foram entrevistados 13 treinadores de equipes participantes de campeonatos da Federação Paulista de Handebol, cujos de-poimentos foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados mostraram preferências dos sistemas de-fensivos (individuais, 3:3 e 5:1), meios tático-técnicos (marcação, flutuação, cobertura e trocas) e pelo ensino por meio de jogos e situações de jogo. Espera-se que os resultados contribuam para ampliar as discussões sobre a temática.

Tactical-technical aspects and defensive systems in han-dball constitute specific knowledge which needs to be organized and planned for teaching by the coach. This study identified defen-sive content and preferences for its teaching among U-14 teams' coaches. Thirteen coaches of teams participating in the cham-pionships of the São Paulo Handball Federation were interviewed, and their statements were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. The results indicated preferences for defensi-ve systems (man-to-man, 3:3, and 5:1), tactical-technical aspects (marking, floating, coverage, and position exchange), and teaching through games and game situations. It is expected that the results will contribute to expanding discussions on this topic.

Los medios táctico-técnicos y los sistemas defensivos en el balonmano son conocimientos específicos que necesitan ser organizados y planificados para su enseñanza por parte del entre-nador. Este estudio identificó el contenido defensivo y las preferencias de enseñanza de entrenadores en la categoría sub-14. Se entrevistaron a 13 entrenadores de equipos que participan en los campeonatos de la Federación Paulista de Balonmano, cuyos tes-timonios fueron analizados utilizando el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los resultados mostraron preferencias por sis-temas defensivos (individuales, 3:3 y 5:1), medios táctico-técnicos (marcación, flotación, cobertura y cambios) y la enseñanza a través de juegos y situaciones de juego. Se espera que los resultados con-tribuyan a ampliar las discusiones sobre este tema.

RESUMO

Background: E-learning Continuing Professional Development (CPD) is an activity demonstrated to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. The CPD of medical and nursing staff in high income countries (HICs) is commonplace. CPD of administrative staff is less common, but increasingly frequent. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), CPD of any kind is infrequent, particularly in rural and remote areas. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe a hospital-based e-learning CPD program for clinical and non-clinical personnel as a unique example of a successful, ongoing educational pilot, quality improvement program involving a broad cohort of employees, in a country that does not require such activities. Methods: Using the online educational platform Chamilo, e-learning modules were created for eight groups including clinical and non-clinical employees. Upon completion of each module, one to two paragraph discussions were provided for each incorrect answer submitted. Two additional chances were offered for the employee to achieve a passing score of 70%. This study reports on the first 10-month period of the program. Findings: All participants achieved the 70% passing threshold after the first or second attempt. There was 100% participation by the employees required to complete the e-learning modules. Employee feedback suggested the modules were good for continuing education, but some felt the CPD was imposed on them. Conclusion: E-learning CPD is an important and emerging element for CPD and may provide opportunities for healthcare service quality improvement as part of broader pedagogical modalities, such as conferences and directed readings, in rural and remote areas of LMICs. These pilot programs could provide important information to develop Spanish-language e-learning CPD programs across a broader region, promote collaboration with regional professional societies, and possibly contribute to the establishment of national health program CPD standards.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO A inserção das Lutas/Artes Marciais no campo escolar tem sido tema frequente no campo da Educação Física. As obras de Paulo Freire emergem como possibilidade para atuação pedagógica nesse tema. Realizou-se uma pesquisa-formação qualitativa, com observação, análise e reflexão sobre a experiência com três turmas de Ensino Médio de uma escola pública do município de Lavras (Brasil), somando-se 44 horas/aula. Recorreu-se a um diário de bordo para registro. Os resultados apontaram para uma vasta bagagem cultural dos estudantes sobre o assunto. Concluiu-se que o ensino de práticas como essa, numa perspectiva de educação libertadora, pode contribuir com a formação de sujeitos autônomos, com visões ampliadas de mundo.

ABSTRACT The insertion of Fights/Martial Arts in the school field has been a frequent theme in the field of Physical Education. Paulo Freire's works emerge as a possibility for pedagogical action in this theme. A qualitative research was carried out, with observation, analysis and reflection on the experience with three high school classes from a public school in the municipality of Lavras (Brazil), adding up to 44 hours/class. A logbook was used for recording. The results pointed to a vast cultural baggage of students on the subject. It was concluded that the teaching of practices like this, in a perspective of liberating education, can contribute to the formation of autonomous subjects, with expanded views of the world.

RESUMEN La inserción de las Luchas/Artes Marciales en el ámbito escolar ha sido un tema frecuente en el campo de la Educación Física. Las obras de Paulo Freire emergen como una posibilidad de acción pedagógica en esta temática. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, con observación, análisis y reflexión sobre la experiencia con tres clases de secundaria de una escuela pública del municipio de Lavras (Brasil), sumando 44 horas/clase. Para el registro se utilizó un cuaderno de bitácora. Los resultados apuntaron a un vasto bagaje cultural de los estudiantes sobre el tema. Se concluyó que la enseñanza de prácticas como ésta, en una perspectiva de educación liberadora, puede contribuir a la formación de sujetos autónomos, con visiones ampliadas del mundo.

RESUMO

Este texto apresenta reflexões e duas sugestões de aulas sobre o minivoleibol com a utilização do Teaching Games for Understanding, juntamente com as lentes da Pedagogia do Esporte. Consideramos que, por via das mudanças curriculares e que vão em direção ao ensino técnico dos esportes, este trabalho traz ideias de utilização do TGfU para os professores de Educação Física no âmbito escolar, na direção de ampliar os conhecimentos pedagógicos. Observamos que, em cenários que o TGfU foi operado, houve mudança significativa e positiva à aprendizagem dos estudantes. Por fim, as estratégias quanto ao uso do minivoleibol e sua operacionalização devem ser repensados em todos os contextos que estão inclusos pois é evidenciado a melhora no desempenho tático e cognitivo dos participantes.

This text presents reflections and two lesson suggestions about mini volleyball using Teaching Games for Understanding, through the lens of Sport Pedagogy. We consider through curricular changes that move towards technical sports education, this work brings ideas and the use of TGfU to Physical Education teachers in school, in the direction of expanding pedagogical knowledge. We observed that, in scenarios where TGfU was operated, there was a significant and positive change in student learning. Finally, the strategies for the mini volleyball and this operationalization should be reconsidered in all the contexts included, because it is evidence of the tactical and cognitive development.

Este texto presenta reflexiones y dos sugerencias de lecciones sobre mini voleibol utilizando Juegos de Enseñanza para la Comprensión, a través del lente de la Pedagogía Deportiva. Consideramos que, mediante cambios curriculares que avancen hacia la educación técnico deportiva, este trabajo aporta ideas y el uso de TGfU a los profesores de Educación Física en la escuela, en la dirección de ampliar el conocimiento pedagógico. Observamos que, en los escenarios donde se operó TGfU, hubo un cambio significativo y positivo en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Finalmente, las estrategias para el mini voleibol y esta operacionalización deben ser reconsideradas en todos los contextos incluidos, porque es evidencia del desarrollo táctico y cognitivo.

RESUMO

Resumo O estudo objetiva analisar como e em quais medidas o Grindr, em diferentes artefatos culturais midiáticos, exerceu uma pedagogia da saúde durante e após a pandemia, a fim de debater e analisar a produção de diferentes currículos e seus atravessamentos, destacando a relevância do cenário pandêmico e algumas questões governamentais como fatores importantes na constituição de dinâmicas individuais e coletivas, dos contextos sociais, políticos e sanitários. Para isso, utilizando as lentes dos Estudos Culturais e do conceito de Pedagogias Culturais, analisamos os amplos processos pedagógicos provenientes das produções circulantes nas plataformas oficiais do Grindr. Logo, para compreender as funções estratégicas desses artefatos culturais, nos ativemos, além do aplicativo de relacionamentos, ao site do Grindr, bem como a seus perfis nas redes sociais Instagram, Facebook, Twitter e TikTok, a partir das quais produzimos a leitura de uma pedagogia da saúde com currículos de possibilidades e limites que conduzem práticas, comunicam comportamentos, educam sujeitos sociais e produzem subjetividades diversas.

Abstract The study aims to analyze how and to what extent Grindr, in different cultural media artifacts, exercised a health pedagogy during and after the pandemic, in order to discuss and analyze the production of different curricula and their intersections, highlighting the relevance of the pandemic scenario and some governmental issues as important factors in the constitution of individual and collective dynamics, social, political and health contexts. To achieve this, by utilizing the perspectives of Cultural Studies and the concept of Cultural Pedagogies, we analyze the broad pedagogical processes arising from circulating productions on Grindr's official platforms. Therefore, to comprehend the strategic functions of these cultural artifacts, in addition to the dating app, we examined not only the dating app but also the Grindr website, as well as its profiles on the social networks Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok, from which we produced a pedagogy of health reading with curricula of possibilities and limits that conduct practices, communicate behaviors, educate social subjects, and produce diverse subjectivities.

Resumen El estudio pretende analizar cómo y en qué medida Grindr, en diferentes artefactos mediáticos culturales, ejerció una pedagogía de la salud durante y después de la pandemia, con el fin de debatir y analizar la producción de diferentes currículos y sus cruces, destacando la relevancia del escenario pandémico y algunas cuestiones gubernamentales como factores importantes en la constitución de dinámicas individuales y colectivas, contextos sociales, políticos y sanitarios. Para ello, utilizando las lentes de los Estudios Culturales y el concepto de Pedagogías Culturales, analizamos los amplios procesos pedagógicos derivados de las producciones que circulan en las plataformas oficiales de Grindr. Así, para comprender las funciones estratégicas de estos artefactos culturales, miramos más allá de la aplicación de citas, a la página web de Grindr, así como a sus perfiles en las redes sociales Instagram, Facebook, Twitter y TikTok, a partir de los cuales elaboramos uma lectura de una pedagogía de la salud con currículos de posibilidades y límites que impulsan prácticas, comunican comportamentos, educan a sujetos sociales y producen subjetividades diversas.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar as experiências de uma graduanda de Educação Física na promoção de experiências significativas por meio da natação. Foi realizado um autoestudo por uma estagiária de natação e seu amigo crítico, um professor com titulação de mestre com ampla experiência no ensino da natação. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes: Mensagens de WhatsApp, E-mails, documentos de planejamento e conversas informais. A análise dos dados foi por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, com as categorias determinadas a posteriori. As experiências da graduanda foram descritas em três categorias: comparação entre a abordagem tradicional e da abordagem para a promoção da experiência significativa, experiências de intervenção nas aulas e reflexões finais. Conclui-se que para promover experiências significativas por meio da natação é necessário incluir a diversão, a interação social, o desafio e a aprendizagem pessoalmente relevante.

The present study aims to explore the experiences of a Physical Education ungraduate in promoting meaningful experiences through swimming. A self-study was carried out by a swimming intern and her critical friend, a teacher with a master's degree with extensive experience in teaching swimming. For data collection, multiple sources were used: WhatsApp messages, E-mails, planning documents and informal conversations. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis technique, with the categories determined a posteriori. The undergraduate student's experiences were described in three categories: comparison between the traditional approach and the approach to promoting meaningful experience, intervention experiences in classes and final reflections. It is concluded that to promote meaningful experiences through swimming it is necessary to include fun, social interaction, challenge and personally relevant learning.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar las experiencias de un licenciado en Educación Física en la promoción de experiencias significativas a través de la natación. Un autoestudio fue realizado por una pasante de natación y su amiga crítica, una docente con maestría y amplia experiencia en la enseñanza de la natación. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron múltiples fuentes: mensajes de WhatsApp, correos electrónicos, documentos de planificación y conversaciones informales. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, determinando las categorías a posteriori. Las experiencias de los estudiantes de pregrado fueron descritas en tres categorías: comparación entre el enfoque tradicional y el enfoque de promoción de experiencias significativas, experiencias de intervención en clases y reflexiones finales. Se concluye que para promover experiencias significativas a través de la natación es necesario incluir diversión, interacción social, desafío y aprendizaje personalmente relevante.

RESUMO

RESUMO: Neste texto celebram-se as ideias e o legado do educador Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, falecido, infelizmente, no dia 12 de julho de 2023. Para homenagear Brandão, optou-se por tomar como base a obra intitulada O educador: vida e morte, que completou 42 anos e serviu como inspiração ao título deste texto. Por certo, a distância do tempo não apaga o espírito do educador de vocação amorosa e libertária. Brandão era implacável ao tecer críticas às injustiças sociais, ao mesmo tempo que indicava saídas cotidianas para o trabalho educativo de cariz emancipatório. O pensamento de Brandão não feneceu; poético e divertido, permanece vivo e a florescer entre nós. Como na reflexão de Rubem Alves (1983, p. 17): "E o educador, morreu? Educadores são como as velhas árvores. Possuem uma face, um nome, uma estória a ser contada".

ABSTRACT: This text celebrates the ideas and legacy of educator Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, who unfortunately died on July 12, 2023. To honor Brandão, we chose to take as a basis the work entitled O educador: vida e morte (The Educator: Life and Death), which completed 42 years and served as inspiration for the title of this text. Indeed, the distance of time does not erase the educator's spirit of a loving and libertarian vocation. Brandão ruthlessly criticized social injustices while indicating daily outlets for emancipatory educational work. Brandão's thought has not withered; poetic and amusing, it remains alive and flourishing among us. As in the reflection of Rubem Alves (1983, p. 17): "And the educator, did he die? Educators are like old trees. They have a face, a name, a story to be told."

RESUMEN: Este texto celebra las ideas y el legado del educador Carlos Rodrigues Brandão, fallecido lamentablemente el 12 de julio de 2023. Para homenajear a Brandão, optamos por basarnos en la obra titulada O educador: vida e morte (El educador: vida y muerte), que cumple 42 años y sirvió de inspiración para el título de este texto. Por supuesto, la distancia del tiempo no borra el espíritu del educador con vocación amorosa y humanitaria. Brandão fue implacable en su crítica a las injusticias sociales, al tiempo que apuntaba soluciones cotidianas para un trabajo educativo emancipador. El pensamiento de Brandão no ha muerto; poético y divertido, permanece vivo y floreciente entre nosotros. Como reflexiona Rubem Alves (1983, p. 17): "Y el educador, ¿está muerto? Los educadores son como árboles ancianos. Tienen un rostro, un nombre, una historia que contar".

Assuntos

RESUMO

Critical thinking is a complex reasoning skill, and even though it is hard to reach a consensus on its definition, there is agreement on it being an eminently cognitive skill. It is strongly related with reflective and metacognitive skills, as well as attitudinal or motivational aspects, although no model has yet been able to integrate these three elements. We present herein the preliminary results of a study seeking to establish these relations, in a sample of Chilean university students. 435 students from three universities participated, of which 88 were men, 333 were women, and 14 did not indicate their gender. Their ages ranges between 18 and 51 years old (M = 21, SD = 3.09). Three instruments were applied, one to measure metacognitive strategies, one to measure motivation to critical thinking, and a third to measure critical thinking skills. The relation was analyzed via structural equations. The results show a positive, strong, and significant relation between metacognition and motivation to think. However, only a weak significant relation was observed between motivation to think and critical thinking, and no direct relation was found between metacognition and critical thinking. We hypothesize a significant but moderate relation between the variables, where metacognition influences motivation to think, which in turn influences critical thinking skills. Factors are discussed which could negatively affect the studied relations, as well as the importance of generating integrated models between the three variables, as they would show a theoretical and empirical link.

RESUMO

Antecedentes: El conocimiento anatómico de la cámara pulpar y del sistema de conductos radiculareses fundamental para el correcto diagnóstico y planificación del tratamiento en endodoncia. Las herramientas pedagógicasdirigidasa los estudiantes de odontologíacomo apoyo en los procesos formativosde la asignatura de endodoncia favorecen la apropiación del conocimiento e identificación de las variantes morfológicas del sistema de conductos radiculares, que permiten al estudiantela integración del conocimiento. Objetivo:Identificar mediante una revisión de la literatura las estrategias pedagógicas que se utilizan para la enseñanza de morfología del sistema de conductos radiculares en endodoncia. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de estudios originales en las bases de datos Medline (Pubmed), SciELO, Lilacs, Medline (Ovid), Web of science, Scopus, Embase, Google académico, eligiendo estudios publicadosa partir del año 2010 al 2022, para la selección de los artículos definitivos se seleccionaron estudios concernientes a procesos pedagógicos en endodoncia, excluyendo así otros tipos de enfoques en el área de odontología. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 63 referencias, los cuales fueron analizados y seleccionados16, siendo excluidos 47 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión. Conclusión: El uso de herramientas pedagógicas virtuales, didácticas y tecnológicas propician un efecto positivo en el estudiante de pregrado de odontología durante el aprendizaje de anatomía de sistemas de conductos radiculares que aumentan la confianza y seguridad al momento de realizar un tratamiento endodóntico en pacientes

Background: Anatomical knowledge of the pulp chamber and the root canal system is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment planning in endodontics. The pedagogical tools aimed at dental students as support in the training processes of the endodontics subject favor the appropriation of knowledge and identification of the morphological variants of the root canal system, which allow the student the integration of knowledge. Objective: To identify, through a review of the literature, the pedagogical strategies used to teach morphology of the root canal system in endodontics. Materials and methods: A bibliographic search of original studies was carried out in the Medline (Pubmed), SciELO, Lilacs, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google academic databases, choosing studies published from 2010 to 2022. , for the selection of the definitive articles, studies concerning pedagogical processes in endodontics were selected, thus excluding other types of approaches in the area of dentistry. Results: A total of 63 references were identified, 16 of which were analyzed and selected, 47 being excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The use of virtual, didactic and technological pedagogical tools favor a positive effect on the dentistry undergraduate student while learning the anatomy of root canal systems that increase confidence and security when performing endodontic treatment in patients.

RESUMO

With the urgent need to increase the number of diverse nurses in the healthcare system, it is more necessary than ever to explore and discuss solutions that help students succeed in the extremely stressful nursing school environment. COVID-19 has exacerbated stress for nursing students nationwide. Additionally, high ACE scores and living on the US-Mexico border put certain students in "triple-jeopardy" for failing. Trauma-informed pedagogy mitigates this danger by creating a secure and productive learning environment.

RESUMO

El sexismo es el conjunto de creencias y características que son socialmente consideradas apropiadas para hombres y mujeres, en el caso de los varones, actividades asociadas a la fuerza, virilidad, entre otras características, mientras que a las damas se ligan actividades como la belleza, expresión corporal, entre otras. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las diferencias en el sexismo en los estudiantes en formación de pedagogía en educación física de una Universidad de Santiago de Chile según diversas variables sociodemográficas. Para ello se aplicó el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) a 201 participantes. Los resultados evidenciaron bajos niveles de sexismo, los niveles de sexismo hostil y benevolente disminuyen conforme avanza la carrera y que los hombres puntúan más alto que las mujeres los dos tipos de sexismo. Se concluye que el sexo, año de carrera, orientación sexual y las creencias religiosas influyen en los niveles de sexismo de los estudiantes de Educación Física.

Sexism is the set of beliefs and characteristics that are socially considered appropriate for men and women, in the case of men, activities associated with strength, and virility, among other features, while the ladies are related to activities such as beauty and body expression, among others. The objective of the present research was to analyze the differences in sexism among the students in pedagogy training in physical education at the University of Santiago de Chile according to various sociodemographic variables. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) was applied to 201 participants. The results showed low levels of sexism, the levels of hostile and benevolent sexism decrease as the career progresses, and that men score higher than women in the two types of sexism. It is concluded that sex, career year, sexual orientation, and religious beliefs influence the sexism levels of physical education students.

Sexismo é o conjunto de crenças e características que são socialmente consideradas apropriadas para homens e mulheres, no caso dos homens, atividades associadas à força, virilidade, entre outras características, enquanto as mulheres estão ligadas a atividades como beleza, expressão corporal, entre outras. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar as diferenças no sexismo nos estudantes em formação de pedagogia em educação física de uma Universidade de Santiago do Chile segundo diversas variáveis sociodemográficas. Para este fim, o Inventário do Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) foi aplicado a 201 participantes. Os resultados mostraram baixos níveis de sexismo, com níveis de sexismo hostil e benevolente diminuindo à medida que o curso avançava, e que os homens pontuavam mais alto que as mulheres em ambos os tipos de sexismo. Conclui-se que gênero, ano de estudo, orientação sexual e crenças religiosas influenciam os níveis de sexismo dos estudantes de Educação Física.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Resumen Los modelos pedagógicos articulados en las instituciones educativas cumplen un papel fundamental. A través de ellos, deben contemplar el papel de los actores del proceso, el enfoque curricular, la evaluación y demás aspectos relevantes para el desarrollo de la enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este artículo presenta un análisis y descripción de la relación que existe entre el modelo pedagógico institucional propuesto por la Universidad de Boyacá, Colombia, basado en el pensamiento complejo del filósofo y sociólogo francés Edgar Morin, y el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en relación con las clases de taller del programa académico de Diseño Gráfico. El estudio se desarrolló desde un corte cualitativo, con el enfoque de investigación holística en el que se trabajó la fase descriptiva y analítica, a través de la recolección de información, por medio de instrumentos como la observación no participante, diario de campo, encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a los estudiantes y docentes, registros de clases de taller, lectura y contraste de documentos institucionales y propios del programa. A partir de estas perspectivas, se orienta epistemológicamente la coherencia del modelo pedagógico con la enseñanza y aprendizaje del Diseño Gráfico y cómo se lleva a cabo en la práctica. De esta manera, el estudio concluye que la enseñanza del diseño, vista desde la complejidad, aporta significativamente en el proceso de aprendizaje y evidencia características positivas para los futuros diseñadores, como el momento de la evaluación y el ejercicio de enfrentar a los estudiantes a la incertidumbre y problemas reales del contexto.

Abstract Within the framework of education, many necessary components are promulgated to respond to the requirements requested by government entities. Therefore, institutions must adjust their policies and institutional plans so that they increasingly articulate these postulates and can guarantee an education with quality and in constant improvement. The pedagogical models created and articulated in educational institutions, in preschool, elementary, secondary, middle and higher education, play a fundamental role, since this represents the formal information of how is taught and learned in each educational institution. The model includes: the role of the actors in the teaching and learning process; teachers and students, the curricular approach, purposes of the training process, learning strategies, evaluation, and other relevant aspects to fulfill the mission and vision of the university. The following article presents an analysis and description of the relationship between the institutional pedagogical model proposed by the University of Boyacá, which is based on the complex thinking of Edgar Morin and the teaching and learning process during classes in the area projector workshop of the academic program of Graphic Design. This study was developed from a qualitative methodological process, under a holistic research approach. The descriptive and analytical phase was worked through the collection of information by means of instruments such as non-participant observation, field diary, surveys and interviews directed to students and teachers, records of workshop classes, reading of primary sources and contrast of formal institutional documents and those of the program and the university. Two softwares were used for the analysis and description of all the information, the first one was Atlas.ti 8.0 to identify in the interviews applied to the students and the teachers, codes in vivo (codes that are generated literally from expressions of the informants) or abstract (code that represents a theoretical postulate or experience exposed by the informants). Subsequently, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was used to tabulate and systematize all the information collected in the surveys applied to teachers and students. According to the methodology developed and seeing it from the epistemological perspectives in relation to the nature of the research, finally the study showed that the institutional pedagogical model is partially articulated to the teaching and learning processes of the Graphic Design program. This is shown in practical workshops and it has permeated the students since their initial training and the other part of the training process, thus seeking to respond to the purposes of the Institutional Educational Projects of the University of Boyacá. Finally, the study concludes that the teaching of design seen from the paradigm of complexity contributes significantly to the learning process, since positive characteristics were evidenced that contribute significantly to the training of future designers. For example, letting students confront uncertainty processes from the academy through different exercises prepares them for any problem that may arise in their working life, where real contexts and environments will be involved. Design should look for possible solutions from the graphic discipline. Likewise, it is important to keep in mind that the designer not only generates beautiful pieces, but is a subject that is related to the visual problems of context and society, therefore it was also observed that students act as integral human beings and not only with purely professional aspects.

RESUMO

Traditional models to train and teach young players in team sports assume that athletes learn as linear systems. However, an actual methodology called Non-Linear Pedagogy (NLP) accounts for the fact that the players and the team are complex dynamic systems. Experiences in handball under this methodology are scarce; due to this, an observational study has been conducted with a follow-up, idiographic and multidimensional design, in which 14 female school handball players belonging to four different local teams in Santiago, Chile (age = 15.55 + 0.51) agreed to participate in three special handball training sessions with the use of the NLP methodology where three different constraints were used. Descriptive analysis with the Chi-squared test showed a total of 252 observations where most of the variables were dependent on the constraints (p ≤ 0.001). Frequency showed that mainly "Defense in Line of progression" and "Proximal contact" were the most activated variables, followed by "Harassment" and "Deterrence" for all constraints. However, only constraint 2 highly activated two collective motor behaviors, while the rest only did it with individual motor behaviors. It is concluded that the constraints used in training seem to be effective in activating a group of defensive handball motor behaviors, specifically those that are basic for female school handball players.

RESUMO

The aim of this work is to reflect on the challenging trajectory of international cooperation between East Timor and Brazil, which focused on the need to rethink teacher education from a critical intercultural perspective, aiming to build emancipatory relations, love, and solidarity. From 2009 until 2016, we coordinated the Qualification of Teachers and Teaching of the Portuguese Language program in East Timor, inspired by the dialogicity of Paulo Freire, an educator well known and beloved by the Timorese people for his indirect contribution to the independence of that country. Freire's dialectic denunciation-annunciation was essential to identify the problems and propose solutions with the Timorese and not only for them. In addition, through our experiences in that country, we identified issues like those of Brazilian education as the effects of coloniality and introjections of inferiority and subordination, as well as the transnationalization of education, among other problems. Thus, the Freirean dialectic denunciation-announcement of this praxis, together with Timorese education, drove us to examine our own Brazilian territory, provoking intersectional reflections related to racism, gender and sexuality issues, and social class prejudice, among other forms of oppression. It deepened ways of acting based on critical interculturality and the concept of decolonial pedagogy, which suggested ways to fight for social justice in science education.

O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a desafiante trajetória de uma cooperação internacional entre Timor-Leste e Brasil que focou na necessidade de repensar a formação de professores em perspectiva intercultural crítica, visando construir relações emancipatórias, de amor e solidariedade. De 2009 a 2016, coordenamos o programa de Qualificação Docente e Ensino de Língua Portuguesa, em Timor-Leste, inspirados pela dialogicidade de Paulo Freire, um conhecido e amado educador do povo timorense, por sua indireta contribuição na independência daquele país. A dialética freireana denúncia-anúncio foi importante não só para enxergarmos os problemas, mas também para propormos soluções com os timorenses e não somente para eles. Além disso, em nossas experiências naquele país, identificamos problemas semelhantes aos da educação brasileira como efeitos de colonialidade, introjeções de inferioridade e subordinação, transnacionalização da educação, entre outras denúncias. Assim, a dialética freireana denúncia-anúncio dessa práxis, junto à educação timorense nos fez olhar para o nosso próprio território brasileiro, provocando reflexões interseccionais relacionadas ao racismo, às questões de gênero e sexualidade, ao preconceito de classe social, entre outras diferentes formas de opressão, aprofundando modos de agir tendo como base a interculturalidade crítica e o conceito de pedagogia decolonial, a qual anunciou caminhos para a luta por justiça social na educação científica.