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Introducción: El proceso de formación de alumnos ayudantes exige nuevas concepciones teóricas y metodológicas, que permitan el desarrollo integral de los futuros profesionales de la salud. Esto mediante acciones específicas que influyan educativamente en la ejecución de los planes y programas de la carrera de Medicina, desde una proyección científica y pedagógica. Objetivo: Diseñar un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de los alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina de la Filial Universitaria de Ciencias Médicas, del municipio Cárdenas. Materiales y métodos: La investigación se sustenta desde la concepción dialéctico materialista. Los métodos teóricos fueron: histórico-lógico, análisis documental, sistematización, sistémico estructural funcional y modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se emplearon: revisión de documentos, encuestas a alumnos ayudantes y tutores. También se realizó observación al desempeño de los alumnos ayudantes. La población fue conformada por 103 alumnos ayudantes y 38 tutores. Resultados: Las insuficientes acciones pedagógicas para la formación de alumnos ayudantes, se constatan como problema en los tres indicadores de la dimensión cognitiva y en dos de los indicadores de las dimensiones procedimental y actitudinal. En el diseño del programa del curso electivo se abordan los temas a desarrollar, para potenciar la formación pedagógica en los alumnos ayudantes. Conclusiones: Se presenta un curso electivo para la formación pedagógica de alumnos ayudantes en la carrera de Medicina.

Introduction: The process of training assistant students requires new theoretical and methodological concepts that allow the comprehensive development of future health professionals. This by means of specific actions that educationally influence the execution of plans and programs of medicine studies, from a scientific and pedagogical projection. Objective: To design an elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the medicine undergraduate studies of University Campus of Medical Sciences, in the municipality of Cardenas. Materials and methods: The research is based on the dialectical materialist conception. The theoretical methods were: historical-logical, documentary analysis, systematization, systemic structural functional and modeling. Among empirical methods used were: documentary review, surveys of the assistant students and tutors. Observation of the performance of assistant students was also carried out. The population consisted of 103 assistant students and 38 tutors. Results: Insufficient pedagogical actions for the training of assistant students are found as problems in the three indicators of the cognitive dimension and in two of the indicators of the procedural and attitudinal dimensions. In the design of the program of the elective course, the topics to be developed to enhance the pedagogical training of the assistant students are addressed. Conclusions: An elective course for the pedagogical training of assistant students in the Medicine undergraduate studies is presented.

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RESUMEN Se realizó una revisión de la instrucción 37/2011 del Viceministerio de Atención a la Docencia y las Investigaciones del Ministerio de Salud Pública, y del Reglamento de Trabajo Docente Metodológico no. 02/2018 del Ministerio de Educación Superior, sobre el Movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes Frank País García, sus objetivos fundamentales, los requisitos que deben poseer sus miembros, y la preparación curricular desde el punto de vista pedagógico que reciben los estudiantes de las diferentes carreras para su mejor desempeño en la función docente. Se analiza y se destaca lo potenciada que están, en este sentido, las licenciaturas en Enfermería y en Tecnología de la Salud -no así el resto de las carreras-, tanto para el movimiento de Alumnos Ayudantes como para su labor docente una vez graduados, por lo que se opina que pueden realizarse reflexiones que sugieran investigaciones futuras y nuevos juicios acerca de este proceso.

ABSTRACT It was carried out a review of the instruction 37/2011 of the Deputy Ministry of Attention to Teaching and Research of the Ministry of Public Health, and of the Methodological Teaching Work Regulation Nr. 2/2018 on the Students Assistants Movement Frank Pais Garcia, its main objectives, the requirements that should have its members, and the curricular training that, from the pedagogical point of view, is received by the students of the different courses for their better performance in the teaching function. It is analyzed and highlighted how empowered are, in this sense, degrees in Nursing and in Heath Technologies-not so the rest of the courses-as well as for the movement of students assistants as for their teaching work once they are graduated. Therefore it is given the opinion that reflections should be made suggesting future research and new judgments on this process.

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The teaching-learning process must constantly overcome the barriers imposed by rapid scientific and technological advances, as well as changes in the profiles of students and access to information. This study intended to analyze the perceptions of students and professors of medical courses of the teaching-learning strategies used in physiology at different Brazilian universities as well as the factors that influence or hinder the learning of this discipline. Questionnaires were analyzed from 174 students and 16 professors of physiology from medical courses of 20 higher education institutions (public and private) in a southern Brazilian state. The teaching strategies most used by physiology teachers coincided with the classroom activities that students consider to have the greatest contribution to their learning (expository classes/lectures, tests and questionnaires, problem-based learning/clinical case studies, and demonstrative/practical classes). It was also evidenced that teachers' didactic is considered as a very influencing factor for the students during their learning process, whereas the teachers pointed out daily pedagogical practice as the most relevant factor in the development of their skills within the classroom. In addition, some factors hindering the teaching-learning process of physiology were identified by the respondents, such as large amounts of information, little time for study outside the classroom, previous knowledge, and intrinsic difficulty of the discipline. Finally, students tended to study alone and generally used teachers' slides and their own notes as study materials. The continuous assessment of the perceptions, needs, and difficulties of students and teachers plays an essential role in improving the teaching-learning process.

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OBJETIVO. Diagnosticar el estado actual de la formación académica basado en tecnologías para el cuidado enfermero. MATERIAL Y METODO. La muestra conformada por 106 estudiantes, 9 docentes, entrevistas grupales de participación voluntaria y observación no participante de aulas virtuales. Los instrumentos validados por expertos nacionales e internacionales con una puntuación máxima en su calificación, la discusión relaciona al análisis de resultados y estos con otros estudios, fundamentada en el modelo pedagógico integral, didáctica tecnológica socioformativa constructivista y la fundamentación epistemológica en las bases teóricas de la ciencia de enfermería. RESULTADOS. Los resultados revelan en la Dimensión Pedagógica; que el 61,2 % de los estudiantes identifican la pedagogía tradicional combinada con la integral, el 77,7 % de docentes aseveran practicar la pedagogía Integral; socio-criticaconstructiva y humana, contrario al resultado de las aulas, donde muestra el modelo tradicional en un 66,7%. Respecto a la Dimensión Didáctica Tecnológica; el 47,2% de los estudiantes indican la presencia del pensamiento crítico reflexivo y el 88,9% de docentes aseveran lo mismo, sin embargo en aula virtual solo muestra un 33,3%, en cuanto a la Dimensión formación - enseñanza del Cuidado Enfermero; está enfocada al abordaje biológico de prioridad, tanto en conocimientos y habilidades técnico-procedimentales, finalmente la construcción del Ser enfermero, el 44,4% de los docentes no contemplan durante la formación las actitudes, ética, valores, empatía, trato humano.

OBJECTIVE. The objective was to diagnose the current state of academic training based on technologies for nursing care. MATERIAL AND METHOD. The sample made up of 106 students, 9 teachers, group interviews of voluntary participation and nonparticipant observation of virtual classrooms. The instruments validated by national and international experts with a maximum score in their qualification, the relational discussion to the analysis of results and these with other studies, based on the comprehensive pedagogical model, constructivist socioformative technological didactics and the epistemological foundation in the theoretical bases of nursing science. RESULTS. The results reveal in the Pedagogical Dimension; that 61.2% of students identify traditional pedagogy combined with comprehensive, 77.7% of teachers claim to practice comprehensive pedagogy; socio-critical-constructive and human, contrary to the result of the classrooms, where it shows the traditional model in 66.7%. Regarding the Technological Didactic Dimension; 47.2% of the students indicate the presence of reflective critical thinking and 88.9% of teachers assert the same, however in the virtual classroom it only shows 33.3%, in terms of the training dimension - teaching of Care Nurse; It is focused on the priority biological approach, both in knowledge and technical-procedural skills, finally the construction of the Nursing Being, 44.4% of teachers do not contemplate attitudes, ethics, values, empathy, human treatment during training.

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Introducción: La educación se define como el campo pedagógico que trata los procedimientos, las técnicas y los modos requeridos para lograr con efectividad el proceso de aprendizaje en el estudiante. Objetivo: Evaluar la preparación pedagógica de los estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de medicina del curso 2019-2020 en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Manuel Fajardo. Métodos: El universo quedó constituido por 27 estudiantes de sexto año de la carrera de medicina, durante su rotación por Pediatría, en el Hospital Pediátrico Borrás-Marfán. Se trabajó con todo el universo. Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y de corte transversal en el período desde enero hasta abril de 2019. Se definió como variable principal la formación pedagógica, de la cual se derivaron varias dimensiones. Resultados: Las habilidades de lectura, escritura y redacción estuvieron garantizadas en la mayoría de los estudiantes. El 44 por ciento se sintió totalmente capacitado para aplicar las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, y un amplio porcentaje refirió dificultades para comunicarse en una segunda lengua. La mitad de los estudiantes tuvo buen dominio teórico de los conceptos pedagógicos, aunque solo el 33 por ciento podría siempre elaborar materiales didácticos. El 62 porciento dominaba el conocimiento médico y el 78 por ciento el método clínico. La formación pedagógica en los estudiantes encuestados resultó deficiente, en lo que influyen negativamente los aspectos de conocimiento general; más de la mitad de los estudiantes manifestaron dificultades para comunicarse en una segunda lengua y aplicar las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Pocos estuvieron preparados para evaluar los resultados investigativos. Conclusiones: En sentido general, los conceptos pedagógicos son conocidos, pero pocos estudiantes manifiestan dominio acerca de la elaboración de materiales didácticos, la educación continua y el aprendizaje autónomo(AU)

Introduction: Education is defined as the pedagogical sphere that deals with the procedures, techniques and modes required for the student to achieve learning effectively. Objective: To assess the pedagogical preparation of sixth-year medical students in the 2019-2020 academic year at Manuel Fajardo School of Medical Sciences. Methods: The universe was made up of 27 sixth-year medical students, during their Pediatrics rotation at Borrás-Marfán Pediatric Hospital. The entire universe was used. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional research was carried out in the period from January to April 2019. Pedagogical training was defined as the main variable, from which several dimensions were derived. Results: Reading and writing skills were guaranteed in most of the students. 44 percent felt themselves fully trained to apply information and communication technologies, while a large percentage reported difficulties in communicating using a second language. Half of the students had a good theoretical command of pedagogical concepts, although only 33 percent could always prepare teaching materials. 62 percent dominated the medical knowledge, while 78 percent dominated the clinical method. Pedagogical training in the surveyed students was deficient, a situation influenced negatively by general knowledge aspects. More than half of the students reported difficulties for communicating using a second language and for applying information and communication technologies. Few students were prepared to assess research results. Conclusions: Generally speaking, pedagogical concepts are known, but only few students show mastery of the development of didactic materials, continuous education and autonomous learning(AU)

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RESUMO: Programas de intervenção fonológica para crianças com deficiência auditiva têm sido estudados mundialmente, dados os seus comprovados benefícios para o desenvolvimento da leitura. No entanto, no Brasil, não há referência à avaliação desses programas para crianças com deficiência auditiva inseridas em serviços de (re)habilitação auditiva. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias empregadas em um programa de intervenção fonológica para crianças com deficiência auditiva. Trata-se de estudo do tipo exploratório, de fonte documental, longitudinal com abordagem qualitativa, realizado a partir da intervenção com 11 crianças com deficiência auditiva e três pedagogas que acompanharam a intervenção em grupo. Foram analisados os 80 planos das sessões e as 80 fichas de observação das pedagogas, além da descrição dos resultados do grupo focal realizado com as pedagogas ao término da intervenção. Observou-se a necessidade de adaptações quanto às instruções, às estratégias e aos materiais utilizados, nessa ordem de frequência, assim como a utilização de estratégias de comunicação e técnicas específicas para otimizar a compreensão e a execução das atividades pelas crianças. Concluiu-se que o programa de intervenção fonológica para crianças com deficiência auditiva necessitou de adaptações e destaca-se a importância da capacitação dos profissionais nos serviços de terapia especializada para essa atuação.

ABSTRACT: Phonological intervention programs for hard of hearing children has been studied worldwide, given their proven benefits for literacy development. However, in Brazil, there is no reference to the evaluation of these programs for hearing impaired children inserted in auditory (re)habilitation services. The objective of this research was to analyze the strategies employed in a phonological intervention program for hard of hearing children. This is an exploratory study, from a documentary, longitudinal source with a qualitative approach, carried out from the intervention with 11 hearing impaired children and three educators who followed the group intervention. Eighty session plans and 80 observation sheets of the educators were analyzed, as well as the description of the results of the focus group carried out with the educators at the end of the intervention. It was observed the need for adaptations regarding the instructions, strategies and materials used, in this order of frequency, as well as the use of communication strategies and specific techniques to optimize children's understanding and execution of the activities. It was concluded that the phonological intervention program for children with hearing impairment needed adaptations and the importance of training professionals in specialized therapy services for this performance is highlighted.

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Introducción: La necesidad de elevar la calidad en la Educación Superior en los planos científico y práctico ha dado lugar al surgimiento de la figura del tutor, al que se le ha establecido formalmente la tarea de guiar y acompañar a los estudiantes que se le asignan a lo largo de la carrera. Objetivo: Realizar un análisis sistemático sobre los referentes teóricos de la preparación pedagógica que permita el mejoramiento del desempeño profesional pedagógico de los tutores de la carrera de Medicina en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Se revisó la literatura referente a la labor profesional y pedagógica del tutor como figura clave en el proceso de formación del estudiantado en las ciencias médicas durante los últimos 30 años. Fueron seleccionados un total de 50 artículos de literatura nacional e internacional en idiomas español e inglés. Resultados: Con la revisión de la literatura se pudo hacer el estudio de la figura del tutor en la educación médica, así como conceptualizar algunos términos necesarios para la comprensión de la enseñanza pedagógica. Conclusiones: Las regularidades encontradas en el proceso de tutoría enriquecen las ciencias de la educación médica en lo relacionado con la figura del tutor. La preparación pedagógica le permite a este profesional el mejoramiento del desempeño pedagógico y el desarrollo de su competencia para la formación integral de los estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina, lo que se manifiesta en la educación en el trabajo en los diferentes escenarios de la Atención Primaria de Salud(AU)

Introduction: The need to raise the quality of higher education in the scientific and practical levels has given rise to the figure of the tutor, who has been formally established the task of guiding and accompanying the students assigned throughout the major. Objective: To carry out a systematic analysis about the theoretical references of the pedagogical training that allows the improvement of the pedagogical professional performance of the tutors of the medical major in primary health care. Methods: The literature referring to the professional and pedagogical work of the tutor was reviewed as a key figure in the process of training students in medical sciences during the last 30 years. A total of 50 articles of national and international literature in Spanish and English languages were selected. Results: With the literature review, it was possible to study the figure of the tutor in medical education, as well as conceptualize some necessary terms to understand pedagogical teaching. Conclusions: The regularities found in the tutoring process enrich the sciences of medical education in relation to the figure of the tutor. The pedagogical training allows this professional to improve pedagogical performance and the development of his competence for the comprehensive formation of the students of the Medicine major, which is manifested in the education at work in the different settings of primary health care(AU)

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Historically, Brazilian higher education teachers' pedagogical training has not been a concern. Even today, a graduate degree is the main requirement to be a faculty member. However, a set of competencies is necessary to teach: pedagogical competency, political competency, and knowledge of specific content. Most graduate training covers only knowledge of specific content. Therefore, this work aimed to outline the profile of basic health sciences faculty members teaching in biomedical and related fields regarding their undergraduate and graduate training, as well as the initial and continued pedagogical training in Brazilian public and private higher education institutions (HEIs). An electronic questionnaire was sent to these professionals, and a total of 763 responses were analyzed (66.4% from public and 33.6% from private HEIs). Compared with private HEI faculty, faculty from public HEIs were more experienced in teaching, and more time had passed since they finished their graduate training. On the other hand, faculty from private HEIs had a more intense undergraduate teaching workload than faculty from public HEIs. Additionally, faculty from private HEIs attended more extensive and more frequent pedagogical training activities (PTAs). Both groups expressed that activities closely related to their classroom practice and recognition for good pedagogical performance were incentives for their participation in PTAs. In conclusion, differences between the faculty from public and private HEIs may be due to the characteristics of HEIs themselves. Hypothetically, private HEIs focus on teaching, which may explain why faculty from these institutions seek improvement in this area, whereas public HEIs focus on research.

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La consolidación del trabajo docente, asistencial, investigativo y administrativo es un elemento de vital significación en la formación profesional pedagógica, que incide en el desempeño como futuro profesional. Con este trabajo se busca analizar algunas consideraciones epistémicas para la formación profesional pedagógica de los tecnólogos de la salud; por lo que se consideran los principales conceptos y las consideraciones para el trabajo de las habilidades pedagógicas y su importancia en el tecnólogo de la salud; asimismo, se revela que se carece de una sistematización lógica que favorezca la adquisición de las herramientas para la formación profesional pedagógica en los estudiantes.

The consolidation of the teaching, assisting, investigative and administrative work is an element of vital significance in the pedagogical professional training that impacts in the acting of students as future professional. With this work it is planned to analyze some epistemic considerations for the pedagogical professional training of the health technologists; for which they are considered the main concepts and the considerations for the work of the pedagogical skills and their importance in the health technologist; also, it is revealed that there is no logical systematizing offering the obtention of tools for the pedagogical professional training in the students.

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Introdução: A adoção de metodologias inovadoras para a formação docente em enfermagem é desafiadora, porém necessária. As estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas para a formação do enfermeiro docente devem ir ao encontro das demandas de saúde, as quais se encontram em constante transformação, constituindo-se esta uma tarefa complexa. Nesse sentido, o Design Thinking se apresenta como uma metodologia ativa inovadora a qual agrega na formação docente do enfermeiro, despertando-o para a empatia, trabalho colaborativo, criatividade e resolução de problemas inerentes a prática pedagógica. Objetivo: Analisar as contribuições do Design Thinking como metodologia ativa inovadora na formação docente em enfermagem. Método: Estudo de caso qualitativo, fundamentado na teoria sócio-interacionista de Lev Semionovich Vygotsky. Para a produção de dados optou-se pela condução de uma oficina pedagógica pautada nas fases do Design Thinking para Educadores. Participaram 15 docentes em formação, mestrandos e doutorandos de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, de uma Universidade Pública situada em Curitiba Paraná. A oficina pedagógica foi estruturada em três etapas e sete atividades, com duração total de oito horas. Os dados foram áudio e vídeo gravados, respeitando-se os aspectos éticos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com seres humanos, sob o Parecer n°2.607.086. Introdução: A adoção de metodologias inovadoras para a formação docente em enfermagem é desafiadora, porém necessária. As estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas para a formação do enfermeiro docente devem ir ao encontro das demandas de saúde, as quais se encontram em constante transformação, constituindo-se esta uma tarefa complexa. Nesse sentido, o Design Thinking se apresenta como uma metodologia ativa inovadora a qual agrega na formação docente do enfermeiro, despertando-o para a empatia, trabalho colaborativo, criatividade e resolução de problemas inerentes a prática pedagógica. Objetivo: Analisar as contribuições do Design Thinking como metodologia ativa inovadora na formação docente em enfermagem. Método: Estudo de caso qualitativo, fundamentado na teoria sócio-interacionista de Lev Semionovich Vygotsky. Para a produção de dados optou-se pela condução de uma oficina pedagógica pautada nas fases do Design Thinking para Educadores. Participaram 15 docentes em formação, mestrandos e doutorandos de um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, de uma Universidade Pública situada em Curitiba Paraná. A oficina pedagógica foi estruturada em três etapas e sete atividades, com duração total de oito horas. Os dados foram áudio e vídeo gravados, respeitando-se os aspectos éticos. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com seres humanos, sob o Parecer n°2.607.086. Resultados: A fim de atender aos preceitos do Design Thinking, a pesquisadora assumiu o papel de mediadora e designer thinker líder do projeto, ao passo que os participantes de designers thinkers. Na primeira etapa da oficina duas dinâmicas foram aplicadas com o intuito de aproximar os participantes aos conceitos de empatia e trabalho colaborativo; após, estabelecerem-se três grupos e o desafio estratégico Como podemos avaliar o aprendizado do aluno? foi exposto, o qual serviu como fio condutor para todas as etapas e atividades subseqüentes. Além disso, foram executadas estratégias de resgate a conhecimentos prévios, pesquisa exploratória e elaboração de mapas da empatia e personas. Na segunda etapa, as ideias mais viáveis, desejáveis e praticáveis foram delimitadas para que, então, fossem prototipadas. Na terceira etapa, os protótipos apresentados foram nomeados como Avaliação de Múltiplos Casos, Trajeção da Aprendizagem e Instrumento de Avaliação. Complementar ao processo, um instrumento de avaliação com perguntas abertas e fechadas foi aplicado a fim de se obter feedback acerca das estratégias e recursos utilizados. Conclusões: Sob a perspectiva do referencial teórico, o Design Thinking mostrou-se como uma metodologia ativa a qual se vale de diversos elementos mediadores que atuam na Zona de Desenvolvimento Proximal dos participantes, a exemplo o mapa da empatia e a persona. Por meio do trabalho colaborativo e interação social, propiciou a formação docente, bem como instigou a criatividade ao prever a elaboração de protótipos. O Design Thinking contribuiu para a formação docente dos participantes à medida que o tema avaliação da aprendizagem foi problematizado, houve partilha de conhecimentos, experiências e busca coletiva para a resolução de um problema de forma inovadora e criativa.

Introduction: The adoption of innovative methodologies for teacher training in nursing is a challenge and also a necessity. Pedagogical strategies used for the formation of the nurse faculty must meet the demands of health, which are in constant transformation, being this a complex task. In this sense, the Design Thinking is an active innovative methodology which aggregates on teacher training of nurses, awakening empathy, collaborative work, creativity and solving problems inherent in pedagogical practice. Goal: Analyze the contributions of Design Thinking as active innovative methodology in teacher education in nursing. Method: Qualitative, case study, based on the theory of interactionist partner Lev Semionovich Vygotsky. For the production of data, we opted for conducting an educational workshop based on the stages of Design Thinking for educators. 15 teachers participated in training, Master students and doctoral candidates of a graduate degree program in nursing, a Public University located in Curitiba Paraná. The pedagogical workshop was structured in three phases and seven activities, with total duration of 8 hours. The data were recorded audio and video, in conformity with the ethical aspects. The project was approved by the Committee of ethics in research with human beings, under the opinion n°2.607.086. Results: In order to meet the requirements of the Design Thinking, the researcher assumed the role of mediator and designer thinker project leader, whereas participants of designers thinkers. In the first step of two dynamic workshop were applied with the aim of bringing the participants to the concepts of empathy and collaborative work; After setting three groups and the strategic challenge "How do we assess student learning?" Was exposed, which served as the guiding principle for all the steps and subsequent activities. In addition, rescue strategies have been implemented to previous knowledge, exploratory research and elaboration of maps of empathy and personas. In the second step, the most viable, desirable and feasible were defined for that, so they were prototype. In the third step, the prototypes presented were named as "Multiple assessment Cases", "Trajeção" and "learning assessment tool". Complementary to the process, an assessment tool with open and closed questions was applied in order to obtain feedback about strategies and resources used. Conclusions: From the perspective of the theoretical, Design Thinking showed up as an active methodology which is worth of various elements mediators working in the zone of Proximal Development of participants, for example the map of empathy and persona. Through the collaborative work and social interaction, provides teacher training, as well as encourages creativity by providing for the development of prototypes. The Design Thinking contributed to the teacher training of the participants as the theme "assessment of learning" was problematic, there was sharing of knowledge, experiences and collective search for solving a problem in a creative and innovative way.

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Fundamento: el perfeccionamiento de la labor docente del profesor desde la óptica de sus alumnos contribuye a la autocrítica profesional y a su paulatina transformación en su desempeño como docente. Métodos: se realiza un estudio de casos con alumnos de tercer año de la carrera de Estomatología, del curso 2010-2011. De un universo de 112 estudiantes, se selecciona una muestra intencional de 18, al tener en cuenta que recibieron toda su formación en la educación en el trabajo con el mismo docente. A ellos se les aplicó una encuesta inicial, para una autovaloración de los conocimientos y habilidades adquiridos en el tema mencionado, y además responder positiva o negativamente respecto a la influencia ejercida por el docente. Se realiza un análisis documental del registro de asistencia y evaluación, para constatar las evaluaciones alcanzadas en el seminario, educación en el trabajo, examen práctico del tema, y en la pregunta del examen final correspondiente a la estancia. Resultados: los alumnos expresan criterios favorables sobre el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo y el tratamiento de los diferentes componentes procesales, también se constatan resultados satisfactorios en las evaluaciones realizadas. Conclusiones: los resultados alcanzados apuntan hacia una correcta dirección del proceso docente educativo a partir de la preparación del docente en el campo pedagógico.

Background: the improvement of the teachers' teaching, from the perspective of the students, contributes to professional self-criticism and a gradual transformation in their performance as teachers. Methods: a case study was conducted with 3rd year Dentistry students in the academic year 2010-2011. From a universe of 112 students, a purposive sample of 18 students was selected, taking into account that they received all their training in education at work with the same teacher. They were given an initial survey, for a self-assessment of the knowledge and skills acquired in the above mentioned subject; and they were also asked to respond positively or negatively on the influence exerted by the teacher. A documentary analysis of the attendance and assessment records was conducted to verify the marks achieved at the seminar, education at work, practical examination of the subject, and the final exam question related to the rotation stay. Results: students express favorable criteria on the development of the teaching-learning process and the treatment of different procedural components. There were also satisfactory results in the examinations performed. Conclusions: the obtained results point to the correct management of the teaching-learning process based on the preparation of teachers in the pedagogical field.

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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo discutir a relevância e a necessidade da formação pedagógica do professor universitário no campo da Saúde Coletiva. Discutiu-se a docência como uma prática que exige formação específica, pois é caracterizada por elementos complexos que vão além do domínio de determinado conteúdo. Ao assumir a pós-graduação stricto sensu como uma importante etapa para a formação do professor universitário, buscou-se identificar e caracterizar as disciplinas/práticas de formação pedagógica dos mestrados e doutorados acadêmicos em Saúde Coletiva. Para alcançar o objetivo do estudo tomou-se como base a teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu e a teoria do currículo de Tomaz Tadeu da Silva. Os resultados apontam que a pós-graduação não toma a questão da formação pedagógica como objeto de interesse; e no que tange à Saúde Coletiva, aproximadamente 61% dos mestrados e 38% dos doutorados apresentam disciplinas/práticas de formação pedagógica, sendo que há uma tendência de formação técnica-instrumental, o que vai de encontro à história do campo da Saúde Coletiva. Conclui-se que há necessidade de se desenvolver uma cultura de valorização do ensino na universidade e na pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva assumindo a complexidade da prática pedagógica em todas as suas dimensões.

The scope of this research is to discuss the relevance and need for pedagogical training of university lecturers in the Public Health field. The contention is that college teaching is a practice that requires specific training, since it is characterized by complex elements that transcend the mastery of given content. Considering stricto sensu graduate studies as an important stage in the training of future university lecturers, an attempt was made to identify and analyze the subjects and practices of pedagogical training in academic masters and doctorate programs in Public Health. To achieve the research aim, this work was based on Pierre Bourdieu's field theory and on Tomaz Tadeu da Silva's curriculum theory. Results indicate that the programs do not consider the aspect of teacher training as a major issue. With regard to the Public Health field approximately 61% of masters and 38% of doctorate programs have pedagogical training subjects/practices. Furthermore, there is a tendency for technical-instrumental training, which is in line with the history of the Public Health field. The conclusion is that there is a need to develop a culture that values college and graduate Public Health teaching, considering the complexity of pedagogical practice in all its dimensions.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este estudo analisa os textos das avaliações produzidas por 38 preceptores de duas turmas que concluíram o curso de formação pedagógica em 2008 e 2009, utilizando como referência teórica a educação permanente em saúde, a aprendizagem significativa e o método de análise do discurso. O material trabalhado caracteriza-se por ser um recurso potencial para análise e avaliação da experiência de formação pedagógica dos participantes. O estudo sobre a avaliação do curso pelos preceptores possibilitou não só a análise das concepções de educação e de saúde assumidas por esses profissionais, mas a maneira com a qual eles se apropriam desses conteúdos em seus discursos e as relações que constroem em suas vidas pessoais. A apropriação de técnicas de ensino e de avaliação referenciadas nas correntes críticas da educação, a valorização da função do preceptor e a mobilização das capacidades individuais e sociais de transformação das práticas assistenciais e educacionais mostraram-se aspectos relevantes das avaliações analisadas.

This study __ analyzes the texts of the evaluations made by 38 preceptors of two classes who completed the course of pedagogical training in 2008 and 2009, using as theoretical reference the continuing health education and meaningful learning theories, and the method of discourse analysis. This material is characterized by being a potential resource for analysis and evaluation of teacher training experience of the participants. The study on the course evaluation by preceptors allowed not only the analysis of the concepts of health and education undertaken by these professionals, but the manner with which they take such content in their speeches and the relations they build in their personal lives. The appropriation of teaching techniques and assessment referenced in the current criticism of education, the upgrading of the preceptor and the mobilization of individual and social capacities of transforming healthcare practices and education proved to be important aspects of assessments examined.

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RESUMO

Neste trabalho analisamos as solicitações profissionais e sociais do professor universitário de cursos de enfermagem no Brasil frente às exigências histórico-metodológicas da enfermagem e dos profissionais que exercem a docência nessa área, por meio de uma revisão de literatura especializada. As conclusões apontam para uma necessária reflexão da área, rompendo com a lógica meramente instrumental, tanto do professor quanto do profissional a ser formado, à medida que o processo de ação-reflexão-ação ocupa a centralidade da interação dos saberes e fazeres, em uma perspectiva humanizadora.

In this work we analyze the professional and social requests of the nursing professor in Brazil in view of the requirements, identity and didactic-historical training of their knowledge field through a literature review. The findings pointed to a necessary reflection in the area, breaking the purely instrumental logic both of the teacher and of the professional to be trained, as the action-reflection-action sieve gradually occupies the centrality of the interaction between knowledge and action in a humanized perspective.

En ese trabajo analizamos las solicitudes profesionales y sociales del profesor universitario del curso de enfermería en Brasil frente a las exigencias, identidad y formación didáctico-histórica de su campo de conocimiento por medio de una revisión de literatura especializada. Las conclusiones apuntaron para una necesaria reflexión del área, rompiendo con la lógica meramente instrumental tanto del profesor cuanto del profesional a ser formado, a medida que el cribo acción-reflexión-acción ocupa la centralidad de la interacción de los saberes y haceres en una perspectiva humanizada.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Há necessidade de se pesquisar a formação didático-pedagógica do professor universitário e a qualidade da educação superior em decorrência das demandas da sociedade em mudança e da implantação das diretrizes curriculares nacionais. Analisa-se a percepção de docentes do curso de graduação em odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Londrina a respeito do papel do professor no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Adotou-se a abordagem qualitativa e a entrevista semiestruturada para a geração de dados. O estudo revelou que o professor tem um papel fundamental no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo considerado responsável pela transmissão do conhecimento. As estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem se baseiam em exposições orais. Grande parte dos professores só teve formação didático-pedagógica nos cursos de mestrado e/ou doutorado, que não capacitam suficientemente os docentes para o exercício do magistério. A maioria dos professores não possui formação específica em educação. Conclui-se que há uma necessidade de rever tanto a formação quanto a atualização didático-pedagógica do professor universitário para que se possa buscar uma formação generalista, humanista, crítica e reflexiva do estudante.

The didactic-pedagogical training of the university professor and of the quality of higher education must be revised due to the demands of the dynamic society and to the implementation of national curricular guidelines. Within this context, it was analyzed the perceptions of dentistry undergraduate of Universidade Estadual de Londrina teachers about the role of the teacher in the teaching and learning process. A qualitative research was carried out and data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results showed that the teacher plays an essential role in the teaching and learning process, being the sole provider of knowledge. Teaching and learning strategies are based on oral transmission. Most part of the teachers got their didactic-pedagogical education from postgraduate Courses (Master's and/or PhD), that do not qualify teachers adequately for their teaching career. The teachers are not formally prepared for their teaching careers. In conclusion, findings from this study must be revised both regarding the training and the didactic-pedagogical upgrading in search of a general, humanist, critical and reflexive formation of the student.

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RESUMO

Para la identificación de un grupo de competencias propias del quehacer docente del Médico de Familia se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Se aplicó una encuesta a la muestra seleccionada, se realizó una entrevista a expertos y se utilizó un grupo focal. Se emplearon procedimientos estadísticos para el análisis de los resultados y se elaboraron tablas. A partir de la caracterización de la preparación pedagógica de los médicos de la familia que actúan como tutores en los escenarios formativos de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la Facultad "Julio Trigo López" y los referentes teóricos sobre el tema, se efectuó un análisis integrador para valorar los datos obtenidos y se definió el grupo de competencias docentes básicas, lo que puede favorecer una gestión pedagógica de mayor calidad en este nivel formativo. Se tomaron en consideración los principios metodológicos más actuales acerca de la formación de recursos humanos en la Educación Superior en sentido general y en particular, en la Educación Médica Superior. Los resultados obtenidos se distinguen por su profundidad teórica y su aplicabilidad

To identify a group of competences characteristic of the family physician's teaching activity, theoretical and empiric methods were utilized. The selected sample was surveyed, an interview to experts was made and a focal group was used. Statistical procedures were applied to anlyze the results and some tables were made.Starting from the characterization of the pedagogical training of the family physicians acting as tutors in the formative settings of primary health care at "Julio Trigo López" Medical Faculty, and of the theoretical references about this topic, an integrating analysis was made to assess the data obtained and the group of basic teaching competences was defined, which may favor a pedagogical management with higher quality at this level. The latest methodological principles about the training of human resources in Medical Education in general, and particularly in Medical Higher Education, were taken into consideration. The results are characterized by their theoretical profoundness and applicability.

Assuntos