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The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) is a cosmopolitan migratory, seasonal mysticete that frequents the Brazilian coast. Strands of specimens may occur during the migratory stay in the country. In 2021 and 2022, three live humpback whales stranded on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil. After euthanasia, specimens were necropsied, and organs were thoroughly examined for lesions. Grossly, in all three cases, the liver exhibited multifocal, irregular, firm, white areas on the hepatic capsule, which extended into the parenchyma. On the cut surface, the livers were yellow to pale brown with orangish to greenish areas, the bile ducts were prominent, thickened, and severely dilated, and leaf-shaped flukes were found inside of them. Additionally, one case showed moderate atrophy of the right hepatic lobe. The histological findings included dilation of bile ducts, hyperplasia of the bile duct epithelium, marked inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils, and portal fibrosis. The parasite Brachycladium goliath was both morphologically and molecularly identified based on diagnostic key for trematodes and the original description of the species, and the amplification and sequencing of the ITS-2 region, respectively. Even though hepatic injury was not the primary cause of stranding, it may have contributed to the debilitation of the whales. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that reports M. novaeangliae as a definitive host of B. goliath and that describes the lesions caused by the parasite in cetaceans.

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Introducción: Las parasitosis intestinales y la anemia son un problema de salud pública mundial. Estos parásitos tienen tropismo hacia el intestino delgado, afectan la absorción de micronutrientes durante la eritropoyesis, produciendo la aparición de un síndrome anémico por un recuento bajo de glóbulos rojos y déficit de hemoglobina. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación de la infección por parásitos intestinales y síndrome anémico en niños en edad escolar. Materiales y métodos: Búsq ueda sistemática de literatura publicada entre 2010-2021 sobre asociación entre infección por parásitos intestinales y síndrome anémico en escolares. Resultados: Se identificó 1151 publicaciones, al aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se redujeron a 33, encontrándose 9 agentes asociados a anemia, siendo A. lumbricoides (27,27%), A. duodenalis y T. trichiura los helmintos más prevalentes, y G. duodenalis (6,06%) el protozoario más común. El 39,39% de los estudios incluyó ambos agentes. África (21), Asia (6), Sudamérica (5) y Centroamérica (1) tienen la mayoría de publicaciones. Se observa asociación significativa entre infección parasitaria y la anemia IC=95%. Conclusión: La evidencia demuestra alta prevalencia de anemias carenciales de tipo ferropénica y megaloblástica, con asociación significativa entre un mayor porcentaje de infecciones por helmintos y síndrome anémico, en comparación con infecciones por protozoos.

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections and anemia are a global public health problem. These parasites have a tropism for the small intestine, which affects the micronutrients absorption during erythropoiesis and causes an anemic syndrome due to a low red blood cell count and hemoglobin deficiency. Objective: To establish the association of intestinal parasite infection and anemic syndrome in schoolchildren. Materials and methods: Systematic search of literature published between 2010 and 2021 about the association between intestinal parasitic infections and anemic syndrome in schoolchildren. Results: 1151 publications were identified, which were reduced to 33 when the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. There were 9 parasites, and the helminths commonly associated with anemia were A. lumbricoides (27.27%), A. duodenalis y T. trichiura, whereas G. duodenalis (6.06%) was the most frequent protozoan. The regions with most publications were Africa (21), Asia (6), South America (5), and Central America (1). There was a significant association between parasitic infection and anemia (CI=95%). Conclusion: High prevalence of deficiency anemia, such as iron deficiency and megaloblastic anemia, was observed. Also, there was a significant association between a higher percentage of helminth infections and anemic syndrome compared to infections caused by protozoans.

Introdução: Parasitas intestinais e anemia constituem um problema global de saúde pública. Esses parasitas têm tropismo para o intestino delgado, afetam a absorção de micronutrientes durante a eritropoiese, produzindo o aparecimento de uma síndrome anêmica devido à baixa contagem de glóbulos vermelhos e à deficiência de hemoglobina. Objetivo: Estabelecer a associação entre infecção por parasitas intestinais e síndrome anêmica em crianças em idade escolar. Materiais e métodos: Pesquisa sistemática da literatura publicada entre 2010-2021 sobre a associação entre infecção por parasitas intestinais e síndrome anêmica em escolares. Resultados: foram identificadas 1.151 publicações, ao aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram reduzidos para 33, encontrando 9 agentes associados à anemia, sendo A. lumbricoides (27,27%), A. duodenalis e T. trichiura os helmintos mais prevalentes e G. duodenalis (6,06%) o protozoário mais comum. 39,39% dos estudos incluíram ambos os agentes. África (21), Ásia (6), América do Sul (5) e América Central (1) têm o maior número de publicações. Observa-se associação significativa entre infecção parasitária e anemia IC=95%. Conclusão: As evidências mostram alta prevalência de anemias ferroprivas e megaloblásticas, com associação significativa entre maior percentual de infecções helmínticas e síndrome anêmica, em comparação com infecções por protozoários.

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Several microaerophilic parasites such as Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Plasmodium falciparum are major disease-causing organisms and are responsible for spreading infections worldwide. Despite significant progress made in understanding the metabolism and molecular biology of microaerophilic parasites, chemotherapeutic treatment to control it has seen limited progress. A current proposed strategy for drug discovery against parasitic diseases is the identification of essential key enzymes of metabolic pathways associated with the parasite's survival. In these organisms, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase::6-phosphogluconolactonase (G6PD:: 6PGL), the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), is essential for its metabolism. Since G6PD:: 6PGL provides substrates for nucleotides synthesis and NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents, it could be considered an anti-parasite drug target. This review analyzes the anaerobic energy metabolism of G. lamblia, T. vaginalis, and P. falciparum, with a focus on glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway and the significance of the fused G6PD:: 6PGL enzyme as a therapeutic target in the search for new drugs.

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Resumen Las infecciones, incluyendo las zoonosis, constituyen una amenaza a la salud humana debido a la diseminación de patógenos resistentes. Estas enfermedades generan una respuesta inflamatoria controlada por un mecanismo de resolución, en el que participan moléculas especializadas derivadas de lípidos de membrana llamadas lipoxinas, resolvinas, maresinasios o que puede prevenir la derivación hacia cursos crónicos, dañinos para el hospedero. En esta revisión se presenta una puesta al día sobre el uso de estatinas o aspirina para el manejo experimental de infecciones parasitarias, como enfermedad de Chagas, leishmaniasis, toxo-plasmosis y malaria. Se hizo una revisión narrativa, buscando artículos originales de los últimos siete anos, se encontraron 38 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. De acuerdo con las publicaciones consultadas, la resolución de la inflamación modulada mediante estatinas podría ser un adyuvante en la terapia de enfermedades parasitarias. Por otro lado, no se observó una evidencia experimental fuerte con respecto al uso de aspirina, por lo que se recomiendan más estudios para evaluar su rol en el proceso de resolución de la inflamación en enfermedades infecciosas.

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RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales de niños y animales domésticos en dos barrios periurbanos de la ciudad de Corrientes, Argentina. También evaluamos las características de los humanos, factores socio-ambientales y prácticas de higiene asociadas con la presencia de parásitos. Las muestras fecales fueron examinadas usando técnicas de concentración por sedimentación y flotación. Se detectaron huevos de Enterobius vermicularis en niños utilizando el método de Graham. El análisis de los datos fue univariado y bivariado. En total, 58 viviendas fueron evaluadas, de las cuales se obtuvieron 146 muestras de heces de niños y 101 muestras de animales. Se registró al menos una especie de parásito en 54 viviendas (93,1%). Encontramos parásitos en el 52,7% de los niños, principalmente los protozoos Blastocystis spp. (35,6%) y Giardia spp. (21,2%). Se detectaron parásitos en 67,32% de los animales, principalmente ancilostomídeos (60,7%). En conclusión, es evidente que el ambiente doméstico presenta condiciones favorables para la transmisión de estos parásitos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to examine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children and domestic animals from two peri-urban neighborhoods in Corrientes, Argentina. We also evaluated the characteristics of humans, socio-environmental features, and hygiene practices associated with the presence of parasites. Fecal samples were examined using techniques of concentration by sedimentation and flotation. The Graham method was used to diagnose Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children. We carried out the univariate and bivariate analysis of the data. We analyzed 58 dwellings, from which we obtained 146 stool samples from children and 101 from animals. We found at least one parasite species in 54 dwellings (93.1%). We found that 52.7% of children had parasites, mainly Blastocystis spp. (35.6%) and Giardia spp. (21.2%). We found that 67.32% of the animals had parasites, the most prevalent species being hookworms (60.7%). In conclusion, it is evident that the domestic environment can favor the transmission of these parasites.

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Acanthocephalosis is caused by the endoparasite Neoechynorhyncus buttnerae and affects fish farmed in the Amazon. This study assessed the efficacy of therapeutic levamisole hydrochloride (LVC) baths against N. buttnerae and its effects on juvenile tambaqui blood parameters. In vitro and in vivo tests were carried out, the latter employing two experimental therapeutic LVC bath protocols. Concerning in vitro efficacy, the T75 (75 mg.L-1 LVC) and T100 (mg.L-1 LVC) treatments were 100% effective in 15 min, while the T50 (50 mg.L-1 LVC) and T25 (25 mg.L-1 LVC) treatments required parasite exposure for 45 and 60 min, respectively. During exposure, the parasites displayed reduced motility, proboscis retraction, coiling into a spiral shape, body rigidity and swelling. The LVC LC50-72h for juvenile tambaqui was 115 mg.L-1 . Regarding in vivo efficacy for Protocol I (8-h bath), the T125 resulted in 82% effectiveness, while in Protocol II (two 8-h baths with a 24-h interval), the T115 treatment (115 mg.L-1 LVC) achieved 95.6% effectiveness without clinical intoxication signs, despite behavioural changes. No significant changes were observed in fish blood parameters. LVC was, therefore, highly effective both in vitro and in vivo in controlling the acanthocephalan N. buttnerae without compromising tambaqui juvenile homeostasis.

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Infections, including zoonoses, constitute a threat to human health due to the spread of resistant pathogens. These diseases generate an inflammatory response controlled by a resolving mechanism involving specialized membrane lipid-derived molecules called lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins. The production of some of these molecules can be triggered by aspirin or statins. Thus, it is proposed that modulation of the host response could be a useful therapeutic strategy, contributing to the management of resistance to antiparasitic agents or preventing drift to chronic, host-damaging courses. Therefore, the present work presents the state of the art on the use of statins or aspirin for the experimental management of parasitic infections such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis or malaria. The methodology used was a narrative review covering original articles from the last seven years, 38 of which met the inclusion criteria. Based on the publications consulted, modulation of the resolution of inflammation using statins may be feasible as an adjuvant in the therapy of parasitic diseases. However, there was no strong experimental evidence on the use of aspirin; therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate its role inflammation resolution process in infectious diseases.

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La uncinariasis fue descrita por primera vez por Dubini en 1838. Es una helmintiasis intestinal causada por el Necator americanus y/o Ancylostoma duodenale. Frecuentemente son endémicas de áreas tropicales y subtropicales; afecta tanto a niños como a adultos. La transmisión asciende cuando existen entornos socioculturales y demográficos que favorecen la contaminación fecal, por lo que es considerado un problema de salud pública en el mundo. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 20 años que acudió a urgencias por astenia, adinamia, taquicardia y palidez mucocutánea generalizada; el hemograma reportó anemia severa y eosinofilia. Se requirió transfusión de 4 UI de glóbulos rojos y sulfato ferroso. El examen coprológico mostró infección por Necator americanus, que fue tratada con albendazol y, posteriormente, fue egresado de la institución sanitaria. La infección por uncinarias constituye una causa olvidada para el clínico de hemorragia de las vías digestivas y desarrollo de anemia. Por tanto, el presente estudio destaca que esta parasitosis es una causa importante en el diagnóstico diferencial. Además, se ofrece mayor importancia a las estrategias preventivas como la capacitación a profesionales de salud, el refuerzo de técnicas de aseo, la disminución de la contaminación y el aumento de la higiene personal(AU)

Hookworm infection was first described by Dubini in 1838. It is an intestinal helminth infection caused by Necator americanus and/or Ancylostoma duodenale. They are frequently endemic to tropical and subtropical areas and affect both children and adults. Transmission increases when there are socio-cultural and demographic environments that favor fecal contamination; therefore, it is a public health problem worldwide. We describe the case of a 20-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with asthenia, adynamia, tachycardia, and generalized mucocutaneous pallor. The blood test showed severe anemia and eosinophilia. Transfusion of 4 IU of red blood cells and ferrous sulphate was required. The coprological test showed infection by Necator americanus, which was treated with albendazole. Afterwards, the patient was discharged from the health institution. Hookworm infection is a neglected cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia by the clinician. Therefore, the present study highlights this parasitosis as an important cause in the differential diagnosis. In addition, greater importance is given to preventive strategies such as training the health professionals, reinforcement of hygiene techniques, decrease of contamination and increase of proper personal hygiene(AU)

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Introducción: La infección por Fasciola hepatica es una enfermedad zoonótica de distribución mundial, desatendida y subdiagnosticada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica en una población preescolar en Tartar Chico, distrito de Baños del Inca, en la región Cajamarca. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 48 niños de una institución educativa inicial. Los padres entregaron 3 muestras de heces para el estudio parasitológico seriado y completaron una encuesta epidemiológica. La identificación de F. hepatica y otros parásitos se realizó con las pruebas de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras, examen directo y Kato-Katz. Para describir usamos frecuencias y porcentajes, para el análisis bivariado aplicamos Chi-cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: La frecuencia de Fasciola hepatica fue 4,17%. Además, estimamos una proporción de 8,33% para Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% de Diphyllobothrium pacificum y 2,08% de uncinarias; así como parásitos contaminantes Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusión: Encontramos una frecuencia de 4,17% de fascioliasis entre preescolares de una comunidad altoandina del Perú.

Introduction: Fasciola hepatica infection is a globally distributed, neglected and underdiagnosed zoonotic disease. Objectives: To determine the frequency of Fasciola hepatica infection among a preschool population in Tartar Chico, Baños del Inca, Cajamarca. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 48 children of an initial educational institution. Parents delivered 3 stool samples for the serial parasitological study and completed an epidemiological survey. The identification of F. hepatica and other parasites was carried out with the Lumbreras rapid sedimentation tests, direct examination, and Kato-Katz. For descriptive analysis, frequency and percentages were used, for the bivariate analysis, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used. Results: The frequency of F. hepatica was 4,17%. In addition, a proportion of 8,33% of Ascaris lumbricoides, 4,17% of Diphyllobothrium pacificum and 2,08% of hookworms; as well as contaminating parasites Entamoeba coli, Blastocystis hominis. Conclusions: A frequency of 4,17% of fascioliasis was found among preschoolers from a high Andean community in Peru.

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From 2015 to 2021 the prevalence of parasites was evaluated in fecal samples of dogs from the municipality of Niterói, RJ. The samples were examined at the Laboratory of Diagnostic Support in Parasitic Diseases (LADDP) of the Veterinary School at the Federal Fluminense University (UFF), using centrifugal flotation, sedimentation and mini-FLOTAC techniques. Of the 1,037 samples examined, 30.6% (318/1,037) showed positive results for some parasitic infections, of which 80.5% (256/318) were positive for only one species of parasite and 19.5% (62/318) for multiple infections. Parasitism by Ancylostoma caninum was the most prevalent, with 39% (124/318), followed by Giardia sp., 16% (51/318); Toxocara canis, 14.5% (46/318); Trichuris vulpis, 8.5% (27/318); Cystoisospora canis, 8.5% (27/318); Dipylidium caninum, 7.9% (25/318); and Cryptosporidium sp., 5.6% (18/318). The parasitological diagnosis of dogs in urban areas is the best choice to evaluate the efficacy of control measures adopted for parasitic infections, including those with zoonotic importance.

Durante o período de 2015 a 2021, foi avaliada a prevalência de endoparasitos em amostras fecais de cães provenientes do município de Niterói, RJ. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Apoio Diagnóstico em Doenças Parasitárias (LADDP) da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), sendo usadas as técnicas de centrifugo-flutuação, sedimentação simples e mini-FLOTAC. Das 1.037 amostras analisadas, 30,6% (318/1.037) apresentaram resultados positivos para alguma infecção parasitária, sendo dessas 80,5% (256/318) positivas para apenas uma espécie de parasito e 19,5% (62/318) para infecções múltiplas. O parasitismo por Ancylostoma caninum foi o mais prevalente, com 39% (124/318), seguido por Giardia sp., 16% (51/318), Toxocara canis, 14,5% (46/318), Trichuris vulpis, 8,5% (27/318), Cystoisospora canis, 8,5% (27/318), Dipylidium caninum, 7,9% (25/318) e Cryptosporidium sp., 5,6% (18/318). O diagnóstico parasitológico de cães em áreas urbanas é a melhor alternativa para a avaliação da eficácia dos programas de controle de infecções parasitárias, incluindo aquelas com importância zoonotica.

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We report a clinical case from a patient with alcoholic cirrhosis who had chronic anemia and carried out several endoscopic studies without evidence of active bleeding, a complementary study with endoscopic capsule was requested to search for a source of bleeding. In the analysis of laboratory data, the presence of hypereosinophilia stands out in parallel. The images obtained in the video capsule study show geoparasites helminth-type. After parasite treatment, anemia improves and the absolute eosinophil count is normalized.

Reportamos el caso de un paciente cirrótico por alcohol con anemia crónica quien se realizó varios estudios endoscópicos sin evidencia de sangrado activo, por tal motivo se solicitó estudio complementario con cápsula endoscópica para búsqueda de fuente de sangrado. En el análisis de los datos de laboratorio paralelamente destaca la presencia de hipereosinofilia. Las imágenes obtenidas en el estudio de la video cápsula muestran varios geoparásitos de tipo helmintos. Posterior al tratamiento antiparasitario mejora la anemia y se normaliza el recuento absoluto de eosinófilos.

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Introducción: Las parasitosis intestinales afectan negativamente la calidad de vida y salud de millones de personas. Es necesario poseer conocimientos generales sobre estas infecciones y sus medidas preventivas para establecer estrategias sanitarias adecuadas y sostenibles. Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre las medidas preventivas y control de las parasitosis intestinales en madres de infantes de Jaén, Perú 2021. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 383 madres de familia que habitan en la provincia de Jaén, departamento Cajamarca, Perú. Se incluyeron a 314 madres mayores de 18 años, con hijos menores de seis años, residentes por seis meses o más en la provincia de Jaén. Se empleó un cuestionario validado por juicio de ocho expertos y compuesto por 20 preguntas de opción múltiple. Resultados: El nivel conocimiento sobre las medidas preventivas y de control frente a las parasitosis intestinales fue regular en el 54,1% de las madres encuestadas. El 29,0% de las madres tenía 26 y 35 años de edad y el 38,2% manifestaron tener tres hijos o más. El 33,9% y 58,2% de mujeres con conocimiento deficiente y regular de las parasitosis intestinales solo culminaron sus estudios primarios y secundarios, respectivamente. El 55,6% que se desempeñaban como amas de casa presentaron un conocimiento regular (p<0,05). Conclusión: Se concluyó que el nivel de conocimiento fue regular y estuvo relacionado con la ocupación y grado de instrucción de las madres de infantes residentes en la provincia de Jaén

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections negatively affect the quality of life and health of millions of people. It is necessary to have general knowledge about these infections and their preventive measures to establish appropriate and sustainable health strategies. Aim. The objective of the study was to determine the level of knowledge about preventive measures and control of intestinal parasitism in mothers of infants in Jaén, Peru 2021. Methods: The sample was made up of 383 mothers who live in the province of Jaén, Cajamarca department, Peru. 314 mothers over 18 years of age, with children under six years of age, residing for six months or more in the province of Jaén, were included. A questionnaire validated by the judgment of eight experts and composed of 20 multiple choice questions was used. Results: The level of knowledge about preventive and control measures against intestinal parasitism was regular in 54.1% of the mothers surveyed. 29.0% of the mothers were between 26 and 35 years of age and 38.2% reported having three or more children. 33.9% and 58.2% of women with poor and regular knowledge of intestinal parasitism only completed their primary and secondary studies, respectively. 55.6% who worked as housewives had regular knowledge (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of knowledge was regular and was related to the occupation and level of education of the mothers of infants residing in the province of Jaén

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess Popular Health Education practices on intestinal parasites, carried out by telephone contact with men living in urban communities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during the COVID-19 syndemic. Method: a quasi-experimental, quantitative and descriptive study, carried out with men aged 20 to 59 years. Pre-test was applied, and participants were divided into two groups: control and experimental. Popular Education in Health practices were carried out with an experimental group, and post-test was applied for both. Results: health education practices were significant in the experimental group, with a reduction in incorrect answers. There was an increase in incorrect answers in the control group's post-test. Conclusions: the Brazilian National Policy for Popular Education in Health contributed to qualify men's health literacy on intestinal parasites. Practice by telephone contact proved to be a powerful strategy for nursing and public policies to access this group and promote health in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar las prácticas de Educación Popular en Salud sobre parásitos intestinales, realizadas por contacto telefónico con hombres residentes en comunidades urbanas de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, durante la sindemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental, cuantitativo y descriptivo, realizado con hombres de 20 a 59 años. Se aplicó la preprueba y se dividió a los participantes en dos grupos: control y experimental. Se realizaron prácticas de Educación Popular en Salud con un grupo experimental y a ambos se les aplicó la posprueba. Resultados: las prácticas de educación en salud fueron significativas en el grupo experimental, con reducción de respuestas incorrectas. Hubo un aumento de respuestas incorrectas en la posprueba del grupo control. Conclusiones: la Política Nacional de Educación Popular en Salud contribuyó a cualificar la alfabetización en salud de los hombres sobre parásitos intestinales. La práctica por contacto telefónico demostró ser una poderosa estrategia de enfermería y de políticas públicas para acceder a ese grupo y promover la salud en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar práticas de Educação Popular em Saúde sobre parasitoses intestinais, realizadas por contato telefônico com homens residentes em comunidades urbanas do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, durante a sindemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo quase-experimental, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado com homens de 20 a 59 anos. Foi aplicado o pré-teste, e os participantes, distribuídos em dois grupos: controle e experimental. Foram realizadas práticas de Educação Popular em Saúde com grupo experimental e aplicado o pós-teste para ambos. Resultados: práticas de educação em saúde foram significativas no grupo experimental, com redução das respostas incorretas. Houve aumento de respostas incorretas no pós-teste do grupo controle. Conclusões: a Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde contribuiu para qualificar a literacia em saúde de homens sobre parasitoses intestinais. A prática por contato telefônico mostrou-se uma potente estratégia para a enfermagem e as políticas públicas acessarem este grupo e promoverem saúde na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

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Folie à deux or Shared psychotic disorder (SPD) is a rare condition characterized by shared psychotic symptoms between two or more individuals. Delusional parasitosis (DP) is an uncommon psychiatric illness in that patients believe they are infested by insects, without evidence to support this belief. DP occurs in 5­15% of SPD. We report a case of cutaneous DP with SPD between an elderly mother and a daughter that lived together and withdrew from other social contacts for the last three years. We aim to highlight the relationship between SPD and DP, its prognosis, and clinical implications.

Folie à deux ou Perturbação Psicótica Compartilhada (PPC) é uma condição rara caracterizada por sintomas psicóticos compartilhados entre dois ou mais indivíduos. O delírio parasitário (DP) é uma doença psiquiátrica incomum em que os pacientes acreditam estar infestados por insetos, sem evidências que sustentem essa crença. O DP ocorre em 5 a 15% das PPC. Relatamos um caso de um DP cutâneo com PPC entre uma mãe idosa e uma filha que viviam juntas e afastadas de outros contatos sociais nos últimos três anos. O nosso objetivo é destacar a relação entre PPC e o DP, o seu prognóstico e implicações clínicas

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Las enteroparasitosis son un problema de salud pública a nivel global con mayor impacto en los países subdesarrollados asociadas a condiciones de vida inadecuadas. La población infantil es más suceptible para desarrollar sintomatología provocando cuadros disentéricos, vomitos, síndrome de mal absorción, lo que influye en deficiencia de nutrientes y vitaminas, como consecuencia retraso en el crecimiento, malnutrición, trastornos del desarrollo físico y cognitivo. Se realizó una investigación epidemiológica, de corte transversal para estimar la prevalencia de parásitos instestinales y las diferencias en relación a las medidas antropométricas, en 283 escolares de la Capital de la provincia de Manabí. Las variables peso, talla parada, circunferencia de brazo izquierdo, pliegues de tríceps y subescapular, índice de masa corporal, área magra y área grasa fueron seleccionadas para establecer la relación. El coproparasitológico se realizó con el método directo (solución salina 0,9% y Lugol) y Kato Katz. Los resultados mostraron 62,54% de prevalencia, sin distingo de sexo, ni edad. Blastocytis spp., la especie más frecuente, confirmándose el comportamiento epidemiológico a nivel mundial a expensa de los protozoarios, con presencia de especies comensales (E. nana) relacionada con el fecalismo. A pesar de la alta prevalencia, no se observó diferencia significativa entre variables antropométricas analizadas en los escolares parasitados y no parasitados. Se infiere que es debido al tipo de especies y la intensidad de la infestación. Se recomienda realizar campañas de educación sanitaria y promover hábitos de higiene, así como dirigir investigaciones para determinar el papel epidemiológico del agua de consumo y las enteroparasitosis(AU)

Enteroparasitosis is a global public health problem with the greatest impact in underdeveloped countries associated with inadequate living conditions. The child population is more susceptible to developing symptoms causing dysentery, vomiting, malabsorption syndrome, which influences nutrient and vitamin deficiency, resulting in growth retardation, malnutrition, physical and cognitive development disorders. A cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and the differences in relation to anthropometric measurements, in 283 schoolchildren from the capital of the province of Manabí. The variables weight, standing height, left arm circumference, triceps and subscapular folds, body mass index, lean area, and fat area were selected to establish the relationship. Coproparasitology was performed with the direct method (saline solution 0.9% and Lugol) and Kato Katz. The results showed 62.54% prevalence, regardless of sex or age. Blastocytis spp., the most frequent species, confirming the epidemiological behavior worldwide at the expense of protozoa, with the presence of commensal species (E. nana) related to fecalism. Despite the high prevalence, no significant difference was observed between the anthropometric variables analyzed in parasitized and non-parasitized schoolchildren. It is inferred that it is due to the type of species and the intensity of the infestation. It is recommended to carry out health education campaigns and promote hygiene habits, as well as to conduct research to determine the epidemiological role of drinking water and enteroparasitosis(AU)

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RESUMO

Diversos factores de riesgos pueden condicionar las prevalencias de parasitosis intestinales en niños. Como objetivo se propuso determinar los factores de riesgo y parasitosis intestinal en niños menores de 10 años de la Olla Común ubicada en Villa Mara del Triunfo-Perú durate el año 2022. La investigación fue descriptiva-experimental y correlativa con una muestra de 160 niños <10 años de ambos sexos. Como instrumento de recolección se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas dicotómicas para conocer las prácticas de higiene de los niños y se efectuó la recolección y procesamiento de muestras con técnicas de Solución Salina S.S.F al 85%, Lugol, Método de Kato y Método de concentración-Flotación de Faust. Para analizar los datos se utilizó Microsoft Excel y el software SPSS, estadística descriptica y hallar tablas de frecuencias y porcentajes y Prueba de correlación entre los elementos de riesgo y la frecuencia de signos de los parásitos. Como resultado, el cálculo estadístico con el método de Spearman mostró una concordancia positiva con el coeficiente de correlación 0,725 y con un valor de 0,001<0,05; donde los niveles de factores de riesgo en los infantes mostraron que el 31,3% se encontraban en riesgo bajo con un nivel bajo de síntomas y sin evidencia de parásitos intestinales, el 18,8% en riesgo medio y el 12,5% en riesgo alto y un nivel alto de síntomas y parasitosis intestinal confirmado; la mayoría de los niños se encuentran en un entorno de bajo riesgo. Se hace necesario e indispensable continuar con invesigaciones en zonas adyacentes(AU)

Various risk factors can condition the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in children. The objective was to determine the risk factors and intestinal parasitosis in children under 10 years of age from the Common Pot located in Villa Mara del Triunfo-Peru during the year 2022. The research was descriptive-experimental and correlative with a sample of 160 children <10 years of both sexes. As a collection instrument, a questionnaire with dichotomous questions was applied to know the hygiene practices of the children and the collection and processing of samples was carried out with techniques of Saline Solution S.S.F at 85%, Lugol's, Kato's Method and Concentration-Flotation Method. of Faust. To analyze the data, Microsoft Excel and the SPSS software were used, descriptive statistics and finding tables of frequencies and percentages and a correlation test between the risk elements and the frequency of signs of the parasites. As a result, the statistical calculation with the Spearman method showed a positive agreement with the correlation coefficient 0.725 and with a p value of 0.001<0.05; where the levels of risk factors in infants showed that 31.3% were at low risk with a low level of symptoms and no evidence of intestinal parasites, 18.8% at medium risk and 12.5% at high risk and a high level of symptoms and confirmed intestinal parasitism; most children are in a low-risk environment. It is necessary and essential to continue with investigations in adjacent areas(AU)

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RESUMEN Las parasitosis gastrointestinales en bovinos de producción son uno de los problemas sanitarios más importantes a nivel mundial. Estos nematodos ocasionan problemas gastroentéricos que se caracterizan clínicamente por diarrea, debilidad, hemorragias y deshidratación. Entre las parasitosis gastrointestinales causadas por nematodos en ganado bovino, se destacan las familias: Trichuridae, Trichostrongylidae, Ancylostomidae, Ascaridae y Strongyloididae. El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la eficacia de las distintas técnicas coproparasitológicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para la detección de nematodos gastrointestinales en ganado bovino. Para este estudio se utilizaron 250 muestras de vacas de raza carnicera, divididos en diferentes grupos, para la aplicación de las técnicas coproparasitológicas de tipo cualitativo y cuantitativo, los cuales fueron escogidos específicamente teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión para cada animal. Los resultados entregados por este estudio indicaron que el mayor porcentaje en la identificación de estados infectantes parasitarios fue por medio de las técnicas coproparasitologicas de tipo cualitativo, principalmente aquellas de flotación de sulfato de zinc y magnesio con un 50%.

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal parasites in production cattle are one of the most important health problems worldwide. These nematodes cause gastroenteric problems that are clinically characterized by diarrhoea, weakness, bleeding and dehydration. Within the gastrointestinal parasites caused by nematodes in cattle, the following families stand out: Trichuridae, Trichostrongylidae, Ancylostomidae, Ascaridae and Strongyloididae. The purpose of this research was to determine the efficacy of the different qualitative and quantitative coproparasitological techniques for the detection of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. For this study, 250 samples of beef breed cows were used, divided into different groups, for the application of qualitative and quantitative coproparasitological techniques, which were specifically chosen taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria for each animal. The results delivered by this study indicated that the highest percentage in the identification of parasitic infective states was through qualitative coproparasitological techniques, focused mainly on zinc and magnesium sulfate flotation techniques with 50%.

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Aquaculture parasite biodiversity dependents on multiple environmental characteristics, including water quality. The analysis of this relationship aims to support improvements in the production management of tilapia. For this purpose, a total of 100 juvenile fishes (Oreochromis spp.) and 30 water samples were collected at Valle del Mezquital in the Central-Eastern socioeconomical region of Mexico. A study of parasite biodiversity was carried out and water quality parameters were determined. Biodiversity in the habitat was measured using the Simpson diversity index, which considers the number of species present and the abundance of each one; we also calculate the Berger-Parker index to estimate the proportional importance of the most abundant species. In general, it was found that 86% of the examined specimens were parasitized. Parasite biodiversity was 11 genera (Simpson index = 0.55). Trichodina spp. (Ciliophora) was the dominant genus (Berger-Parker index = 0.51). The protozoa Apiosoma spp. was associated with the water hardness (Berger-Parker index = 0.57). Furthermore, the presence of monogeneans showed a positive correlation with the levels of nitrites and ammonium in the water (Berger-Parker index = 0.06-0.55). This characterization may represent a useful tool in the comprehensive management of parasites that affect the farmed tilapia. However, new data is necessary to expand the knowledge about the environment-host-parasite relationship.

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Helminths are not usually considered important pathogens for birds of prey. There is a single published report of mortality in raptors due to an air sac trematode infection. We report a well-documented death case from massive infection by an air sac trematode of the family Cyclocoelidae in a wild-caught, juvenile male Snail Kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis) in Ecuador. The necropsy of a Snail Kite revealed more than 200 trematodes among air sacs, lungs, heart, gizzard, proventriculus, and liver. Within air sacs and lungs, mature flukes were associated with sacculitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and atelectasis. Using an integrative taxonomic approach with morphological and molecular data, we identified the parasites as Bothrigaster variolaris (Trematoda: Cyclocoelidae: Ophthalmophaginae). This case provides the first evidence for the pathologic presence of air sac trematodes associated with morbidity in birds of prey in South America. Our results suggest that cyclocoelids may cause debilitation and significant clinical lesions in birds of prey, with potentially fatal consequences.

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RESUMEN Objetivos. Evaluar la variación de los perfiles hematológicos antes, durante y después del tratamiento de pacientes infectados con malaria no complicada por Plasmodium vivax (Pv) y P. falciparum (Pf) en una población de la región Loreto. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó entre 2010 y 2012, en Zungarococha (Iquitos). Los 425 participantes tuvieron tres visitas (visita 1-día 0-antes del tratamiento, visita 2-día 7-durante tratamiento, visita 3-día 28-después del tratamiento), hemograma completo, diagnóstico microscópico y molecular (PCR). Resultados. En la primera visita, se encontraron 93 (21,9%) positivos a Pv y 34 (8,0%) a Pf. Todos los positivos mostraron una reducción en los indicadores hematológicos de hematocrito, recuento de glóbulos blancos (RGB), neutrófilos abastonados y segmentados, eosinófilos y plaquetas (p<0.001) en comparación con el grupo negativo. Se encontró un porcentaje mayor de neutrófilos abastonados en Pf y de neutrófilos segmentados en Pv comparado al grupo negativo. Se observó variaciones en los perfiles hematológicos después del tratamiento para ambas especies, los neutrófilos abastonados disminuyeron, las plaquetas aumentaron, los eosinófilos se incrementaron al día 7 y decaen el día 28, el hematocrito y los neutrófilos segmentados disminuyeron al día 7 y se normalizaron el día 28. Las diferencias entre especies en el tiempo mostraron una disminución diaria de neutrófilos abastonados en infectados con Pv que en Pf. Conclusiones. El perfil hematológico en pacientes positivos a malaria no complicada varía en el tiempo durante y después del tratamiento. Estos son indicadores de la progresión de la enfermedad y ayudan en la vigilancia terapéutica de pacientes infectados con Plasmodium.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To evaluate the variation of hematological profiles of patients infected with uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) malaria before, during and after treatment in a population of the Loreto region. Materials and methods. This study was conducted between 2010 and 2012, in Zungarococha (Iquitos). The 425 participants had three visits (visit 1-day 0-before treatment, visit 2-day 7-during treatment, visit 3-day 28-after treatment), complete blood count, microscopic and molecular diagnosis (PCR). Results. At the first visit, 93 (21.9%) participants were found positive for Pv and 34 (8.0%) for Pf. All positives showed a reduction in hematocrit, white blood cell count (WBC), ablated and segmented neutrophils, eosinophils and platelets (p<0.001) compared to the negative group. A higher percentage of ablated neutrophils was found in Pf and segmented neutrophils in Pv compared to the negative group. Variations in hematological profiles were observed after treatment for both species; ablated neutrophils decreased, platelets increased, eosinophils increased at day 7 and declined at day 28, hematocrit and segmented neutrophils decreased at day 7 and normalized at day 28. Interspecies differences over time showed a bigger daily decrease in ablated neutrophils in Pv-infected when compared to Pf. Conclusions. The hematological profile in uncomplicated malaria-positive patients varies over time during and after treatment. These are indicators of disease progression and help in the therapeutic surveillance of Plasmodium-infected patients.

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