RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Brazil ranks second in the absolute number of transplants. However, the supply remains insufficient to meet the demands, resulting in a lengthy waitlist. This study aimed to analyze whether the frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the value of calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) would influence the waiting time for kidney transplantation. METHODS: The HLA-A, B, and -DRB1 frequencies and the cPRA value were analyzed in 11,186 kidney transplant candidates included in the waitlist from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS: The most frequent alleles were HLA-A*02, HLA-B*35, and HLA-DRB1*13. The overall mean length of stay on the list was 986 ± 1001 days. The mean waiting time for the three most frequent alleles of the HLA-A and B loci showed no significant difference when compared with the least frequent alleles; however, for the HLA-DRB1 locus, the most frequent alleles showed a shorter waiting time. In the association between HLA and PRA, the average length of stay on the list increased according to the candidate's degree of sensitization, regardless of the analyzed HLA frequency. CONCLUSION: The length of stay on the waitlist is influenced by the frequency of the HLA alleles of the DRB1 locus and the degree of sensitization.
Assuntos
Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Brasil , Listas de Espera , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA , Alelos , Anticorpos , Frequência do GeneRESUMO
The pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is not fully understood, probably influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is an extra-articular manifestation of RA, which contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. The identification of anti-HLA antibodies has been useful in the transplantation field; however, its contribution to autoimmune diseases as RA has not been fully studied. We aimed to determine the presence of anti-HLA antibodies in RA patients with and without ILD and its possible association with clinical and biochemical markers. One-hundred and forty-seven RA patients, of which 65 had ILD (RA-ILD group), were included. Sera samples for Anti-HLA Class II LABScreen panel-reactive antibodies (PRA) were analyzed. In both groups, women predominated, and lung function was worse in patients with ILD. The anti-CCP+ (UI/mL) was higher in the RA group in comparison to RA-ILD (p < 0.001). Expositional risk factors (tobacco smoking and biomass-burning smoke) were higher in RA-ILD patients. PRA+ was identified in ~25% RA-ILD patients, while ~29% in the RA group. The CRP levels have a positive correlation with the percentage of reactivity (%PRA, p = 0.02, r2 = 0.60) in the RA-ILD group. In conclusion, anti-HLA antibodies correlate with C-reactive protein levels in RA patients with ILD.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Proteína C-Reativa/biossíntese , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/imunologia , Adulto , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The criterion (gold) standard to detect anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies is the complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assay. Recently, more sensitive methods have been used for the same purpose. METHODS: This study analyzed 70 serum samples of patients with end-stage renal disease using CDC, CDC with the addition of anti-human globulin (CDC-AHG), CDC with the addition of dithiothreitol (CDC-DTT), and the recent solid-phase immunoassay (SPI; Labscreen PRA) to detect anti-HLA antibodies. RESULTS: Mean percent panel reactive antibodies (PRA) detected by SPI was 37.5% (±34.2) higher than the values detected by the other methods. Comparative analyses revealed significant difference between CDC and CDC-AHG, and between CDC and SPI (P < 0.0001), but not between CDC-AHG and SPI (P = 0.8026). CONCLUSION: Although the CDC-AHG method is "old," its performance to detect anti-HLA antibodies in the samples analyzed was comparable to the SPI in the evaluation of percent class I PRA.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/imunologia , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/metabolismo , Citotoxicidade Imunológica , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Especificidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Ditiotreitol/metabolismo , Globulinas/imunologia , Humanos , ImunoensaioRESUMO
The sensitization of patients to human leukocyte antigens prior to heart transplantation is increasingly being recognized as an important challenge both before and after the transplant, and the effects of sensitization on clinical outcomes are just beginning to be understood. Many patients are listed with the requirement of a negative prospective or virtual crossmatch prior to accepting a donor organ. This strategy has been associated with both longer waitlist times and higher waitlist mortality. An alternative approach is to transplant across a potentially positive crossmatch while utilizing strategies to decrease the significance of the human leukocyte antigen antibodies. This review will examine the challenges and the impact of sensitization on pediatric patients prior to and following heart transplantation.
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Anticorpos/imunologia , Transplante de Coração , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Teste de Histocompatibilidade/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Resultado do Tratamento , Imunologia de Transplantes/imunologia , Listas de EsperaRESUMO
Introducción: Los pacientes con alto riesgo inmunológico siguen siendo relegados a la cada vez más larga lista de espera de un donador inmunológicamente compatible. El objetivo de esta comunicación es informar la experiencia de un centro de trasplantes en la desensibilización de pacientes con alto riesgo inmunológico. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de todos los pacientes sometidos a trasplante renal de noviembre de 1999 a enero de 2008, en quienes se llevó a cabo desensibilización pretrasplante renal. Resultados: Ocho pacientes presentaron aloinmunización (pruebas cruzadas positivas o panel reactivo de anticuerpos alto, PRA > 30 %). La desensibilización se realizó mediante sesiones de plasmaféresis con recambio de 1.5 volúmenes plasmáticos, y posterior a cada una se administró una dosis estándar de inmunoglubulina intravenosa (IVIG 5 g/dosis). La inmunosupresión se inició en la primera sesión de plasmaféresis con base en un inhibidor de calcineurinas (tacrolimus); en seis pacientes se añadió mofetil micofenolato y en dos, sirolimus. En siete se obtuvieron pruebas cruzadas negativas con el donador previo al trasplante; en el octavo no se efectuaron. En dos se administró anticuerpos humanizados contra CD25 (20 mg/dosis de basiliximab). Todos los pacientes han mantenido función estable del injerto. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con nuestra experiencia, la sobrevida del injerto renal en pacientes con alto riesgo inmunológico posterior a un adecuado protocolo de desensibilización y estrecha vigilancia postrasplante es similar a la observada en pacientes no sensibilizados, al menos durante el primer año del trasplante.
BACKGROUND: Patients with high immunological risk have been relegated to the growing waiting list for an immunologically compatible donor. Our objective was to report the experience of a transplant center in desensitization of patients with high immunological risk. METHODS: We carried out a descriptive and retrospective study. Included were all the renal transplant patients from November 1999 to January 2008 in which we used plasmapheresis and standard dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as desensitization. RESULTS: Eight patients had history of alloimmunity (positive crossmatch or high panel-reactive antibodies (PRA >30%). Desensitization was accomplished with plasmapheresis and exchange of 1.5 plasma volume. Subsequent to each session we administered a standard dose of IVIG (5 g/dose). Immunosuppression began equal to the first plasmapheresis with calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus) plus six patients with mycophenolate mofetil and two patients with sirolimus. In seven cases, negative crossmatches were obtained before the transplantation, except in the eighth case in whom it was not done. Two patients received human antibodies against CD25 (basiliximab, 20 mg/dose). During their evolution, all patients maintained stable graft function. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, renal graft outcome in patients with high immunological risk after an adequate desensitization protocol is similar to that observed in nonsensitized patients, at least during the first year of transplantation.