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The cubic α-CsPbI3 phase stands out as one of the most promising perovskite compounds for solar cell applications due to its suitable electronic band gap of 1.7 eV. However, it exhibits structural instability under operational conditions, often transforming into the hexagonal non-perovskite δ-CsPbI3 phase, which is unsuitable for solar cell applications because of the large band gap (e.g., â¼2.9 eV). Thus, there is growing interest in identifying possible mechanisms for increasing the stability of the cubic α-CsPbI3 phase. Here, we report a theoretical investigation, based on density functional theory calculations, of the surface passivation of the α-, γ-, and δ-CsPbI3(100) surfaces using the C6H4(NH3)2 [p-phenylenediamine (PPD)] and Cs species as passivation agents. Our calculations and analyses corroborate recent experimental findings, showing that PPD passivation effectively stabilizes the cubic α-CsPbI3 perovskite against the cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition. The PPD molecule exhibits covalent-dominating bonds with the substrate, which makes it more resistant to distortion than the ionic bonds dominant in perovskite bulks. By contrasting these results with the natural Cs passivation, we highlight the superior stability of the PPD passivation, as evidenced by the negative surface formation energies, unlike the positive values observed for the Cs passivation. This disparity is due to the covalent characteristics of the molecule/surface interaction of PPD, as opposed to the purely ionic interaction seen with the Cs passivation. Notably, the PPD passivation maintains the optoelectronic properties of the perovskites because the electronic states derived from the PPD molecules are localized far from the band gap region, which is crucial for optoelectronic applications.
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of periodontal status, clinical data, and serum markers on salivary leptin levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 38 patients with SLE and 29 healthy controls. Periodontal data included periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival bleeding on probing (BOP). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to analyze salivary leptin levels. Clinical and serum data were collected from the SLE group. Statistical analysis included the t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient, and a structural equation model. Results: The SLE group had a lower salivary leptin level than the control group (P = 0.002). The model revealed that SLE had an inverse and independent effect on salivary leptin (standardized estimate = - 0.289, P = 0.023). Moreover, salivary leptin level negatively correlated with the serum levels of triglyceride, creatinine, and leukocytes, positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol, but was not significantly correlated with the periodontal status. Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with SLE have a lower salivary leptin level. In addition, the level of salivary leptin does not appear to be related to periodontal status in patients with SLE.
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Resumen La infección tuberculosa latente (TL) afecta al 23% de la población y constituye un reservorio de tuberculosis (TBC) ya que 10% progresa hacia una TBC. La TL se reconoce por pruebas como la tuberculina (PPD o TST) y los ensayos de liberación de Interferón gama (IGRAs). La sensibilidad de IGRAs (versión Quantiferon TB Gold plus) es 94% y del PPD 77%. La especificidad del Quantiferon TB Gold Plus es 97% y del PPD 68%. El valor predictivo de progresión a TBC activa de estas pruebas es bajo (PPD: 1,5%, IGRAs: 2,7%) pero mejora en personas de alto riesgo de contraer TBC (PPD: 2,4%, IGRAs: 6,8%). Las personas con pruebas negativas que posteriormente presentan viraje (prueba positiva) tienen mayor riesgo de progresión a TBC activa. Estas pruebas son útiles en el seguimiento de contactos intradomiciliarios, extranjeros de países con altas tasas de TBC, inmunosuprimidos, enfermedad renal crónica, diabetes, silicosis y secuelas pulmonares de TBC no tratada. En la terapia de TL se utiliza isoniazida (H) auto-administrada por plazos de 6 a 12 meses con eficacia protectora de 60% y riesgo de toxicidad hepática de 2% pero con baja adherencia (50-70%). La asociación de H con rifapentina en dosis única semanal durante 12 semanas tiene eficacia de 81%, adherencia de 82% y baja toxicidad hepática (0,4%). Nuevos biomarcadores de TL y vacunas que mejoren la inmunidad en TL se encuentran en estudio. El tratamiento de la TL puede reducir la incidencia de TBC a largo plazo.
Latent tuberculosis infection (LT) affects 23% of the population and constitutes a reservoir of tuberculosis (TB) as 10% progresses to TB. LT is recognized by tests such as tuberculin (PPD or TST) and Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs). The sensitivity of IGRAs (Quantiferon TB Gold plus version) is 94% and PPD 77%. The specificity of Quantiferon TB Gold Plus is 97% and PPD 68%. The predictive value of progression to active TB of these tests is low (PPD: 1.5%, IGRAs: 2.7%) but improves in people at high risk of contracting TB (PPD: 2.4%, IGRAs: 6.8%). People with negative tests who subsequently turn around (positive) have a higher risk of progression to active TB. These tests are useful in the follow-up of intra-household contacts, foreigners from countries with high rates of TB, immunosuppressed, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, silicosis and pulmonary sequelae of untreated TB. In LT therapy, self-administered isoniazid (H) is used for periods from 6 to 12 months with protective efficacy of 60% and risk of liver toxicity of 2%, but with low adherence (50-70%). The association of H with rifapentine in a single weekly dose for 12 weeks has efficacy of 81%, adherence of 82% and low liver toxicity (0.4%). New LT biomarkers and vaccines that improve immunity in LT are under study. Treatment of LT may reduce the incidence of TB in the long term.
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Humanos , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/terapia , Teste Tuberculínico , Quimioprevenção , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama , Antituberculosos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Introducción: los anti-TNF-α se asocian con mayor riesgo de desarrollar tuberculosis (TB). La prueba del derivado proteico purificado (purified protein derivative, PPD) se emplea para diagnosticar infección de tuberculosis latente (ITL). Se recomienda el cribado para TB previo al inicio de terapia anti-TNF-α y el seguimiento para evaluar la posible conversión de la PPD durante el tratamiento. El tratamiento de la ITL puede reducir el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad activa en un 90%. Objetivos: actualmente los resultados de conversión de la PPD y su interpretación durante el tratamiento anti-TNF-α son variables, por tal motivo nos propusimos conocer la frecuencia de conversión de la PPD en este grupo de pacientes de nuestro medio. Materiales y métodos: realizamos un estudio descriptivo, observacional y retrospectivo que incluyó pacientes >18 años, diagnosticados con enfermedad reumática, tratados con anti-TNF-α. Resultados: se incluyeron 54 pacientes (46,7 ± a 12 años), de los cuales 36, presentaron diagnóstico de artritis reumatoidea, seis de artritis idiopática juvenil, cinco de espondilitis anquilosante, tres de artritis psoriásica, tres de uveítis y uno de queratitis intersticial. Los tratamientos fueron: 30 adalimumab, 17 certolizumab, siete etanercept, 44 metotrexato, 19 leflunomida, nueve hidroxicloroquina, dos sulfasalazina, dos azatioprina, uno mofetil micofenolato y glucocorticoides (28 de 54); la conversión de la PPD ocurrió en un solo paciente. Conclusiones: en el presente trabajo la seroconversión fue baja en contraste con otras series. La prueba de PPD es un método accesible, ampliamente disponible, adecuado y sensible para diagnosticar ITL.
Introduction: anti-TNF-α are associated with an increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Purified protein derivative (PPD) is used to demonstrate a latent TB infection (LTBI). Screening is recommended for TB prior to the onset of anti-TNF-α and monitoring evaluating possible conversion of PPD during treatment. Treatment of LTBI can reduce the risk of active disease development by up to 90%. Objectives: currently the results of PPD conversion and its interpretation during anti-TNF-α treatment are variable and that is why we set out to know the frequency of conversion of PPD in this group of patients in our environment. Materials and methods: a descriptive, analytical, observational, retrospective study was conducted. Including patients >18 years old, diagnosed with rheumatic disease, treated with anti-TNF-α. Results: 54 patients were included (46.7 ± to 12 years), of which 36 presented a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, 6 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 5 ankylosing spondylitis, 3 psoriatic arthritis, 3 uveitis, 1 interstitial keratitis. The treatments were: 30 adalimumab, 17 certolizumab, 7 etanercept, 44 methotrexate, 19 leflunomide, 9 hydroxychloroquine, 2 sulfasalazine, 2 azathioprine, 1 mycophenolate mofetil and glucocorticoids (28/54). PPD conversion took place in 1 patient. Conclusions: in the present study, seroconversion was low in contrast to other series. The PPD test is an accessible, widely available, adequate and sensitive method for diagnosing LTBI, which the rheumatologist should use in his daily practice.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Teste Tuberculínico/métodos , Doenças Reumáticas/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Doenças Reumáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Latente/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, during which the world is confronted with a new, highly contagious virus that suppresses innate immunity as one of its initial virulence mechanisms, thus escaping from first-line human defense mechanisms, enhancing innate immunity seems a good preventive strategy. METHODS: Without the intention to write an official systematic review, but more to give an overview of possible strategies, in this review article we discuss several interventions that might stimulate innate immunity and thus our defense against (viral) respiratory tract infections. Some of these interventions can also stimulate the adaptive T- and B-cell responses, but our main focus is on the innate part of immunity. We divide the reviewed interventions into: 1) lifestyle related (exercise, >7 h sleep, forest walking, meditation/mindfulness, vitamin supplementation); 2) Non-specific immune stimulants (letting fever advance, bacterial vaccines, probiotics, dialyzable leukocyte extract, pidotimod), and 3) specific vaccines with heterologous effect (BCG vaccine, mumps-measles-rubeola vaccine, etc). RESULTS: For each of these interventions we briefly comment on their definition, possible mechanisms and evidence of clinical efficacy or lack of it, especially focusing on respiratory tract infections, viral infections, and eventually a reduced mortality in severe respiratory infections in the intensive care unit. At the end, a summary table demonstrates the best trials supporting (or not) clinical evidence. CONCLUSION: Several interventions have some degree of evidence for enhancing the innate immune response and thus conveying possible benefit, but specific trials in COVID-19 should be conducted to support solid recommendations.
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BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, there has been a concern to improve the quality of indoor work environments and increase energy efficiency as people spend much of their time in such settings. OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed a group of women developing sedentary activities to determine the Actual Percentage of Dissatisfied (APD) in the environment, considering that all people who voted any value other than zero on the seven-point scale are deemed dissatisfied. METHODS: After this analysis, using the probit regression model, hot and cold air temperature curves were plotted so as to determine in which situation the number of people dissatisfied with the environment is minimal. RESULTS: The results showed an APD of 52.31%, which is different from the ADP recommended by ISO 7730 (2005) [-0.5â<âPMVâ<â+â0.5, PPDâ<â10% ]. The probit analysis using the cut of 10% as dissatisfied, according to category B of ISO 7730 (2005), showed a comfort temperature of 21.1°C, with a comfort temperature range from 19.61 to22.61°C. CONCLUSIONS: Using the fraction of people dissatisfied with the environment (52.31%) as the cutoff, when the air temperature is equivalent to 20.2°C, the lowest percentage dissatisfied by the cold and heat in the environment occurs simultaneously.
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Local de Trabalho , Feminino , Humanos , TemperaturaRESUMO
Coupling anthesis date to the most suitable environmental conditions is critical for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) adaptation and yield potential. Development to anthesis is controlled by temperature and photoperiod. Response to photoperiod is chiefly modulated by Ppd-1 genes, but their effect on the quantitative response to photoperiod of (i) time to anthesis and (ii) pre-anthesis phases remains largely unknown. A photoperiod-sensitive spring cultivar, Paragon, and near-isogenic lines of it carrying different combinations of Ppd-1a insensitivity alleles were tested under a wide range of photoperiods, including switches in photoperiod at the onset of stem elongation. Using multimodel inference we found that Ppd-1a alleles reduced photoperiod sensitivity of (i) emergence to anthesis and (ii) emergence to onset of stem elongation, both in a less than additive manner, while threshold photoperiod and intrinsic earliness were unaffected. Sensitivity to current photoperiod from onset of stem elongation to flag leaf and from then to anthesis was milder than for previous phases and was not related to variability in Ppd-1. However, 'memory' effects of previously experienced photoperiod on the duration from onset of stem elongation to flag leaf were related to variability in Ppd-1. The characterization and quantification provided here of the effects on development of Ppd-1 allelic combinations should help increase accuracy of genotype-to-phenotype models in predicting wheat phenology.
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Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Modelos Biológicos , Fotoperíodo , Triticum/genética , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are important aspects of managing tuberculosis (TB) cases appropriately. However, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic kits based on immune response such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) are still debated. Thus, the exploration and assessment of specific biomarker-targeted antibodies are needed for the development of an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool. The present study was conducted in patients with a respiratory problem suspected to be TB at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Among 102 patients tested by GeneXpert and AFB, 59 serum samples were from cases retrospectively determined to have active TB. A total of 102 serum of healthy controls (HC) was also collected. The PPD antigen and the recombinant CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins were prepared. Antibody responses against these proteins were evaluated by ELISA. All samples were also screened for the possibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection using Capilla MaC kit. The results showed that TB patients had a significantly higher concentration of IgG antibody in response to PPD than the HC. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that PPD was acceptable for diagnostic purposes with an AUC value of 0.835 (95% CI 0.770-0.900, pâ¯<â¯0.0001). However, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 had low AUCs, and 32 samples from both groups showed a low concentration of IgA antibody against all antigens. The MAC detection results also showed that the concentration of IgA in the HC group was the highest. The current results indicate that PPD is a better antigen for antibody-based detection of TB than ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Based on the MAC detection assay, 53 people in the HC group were probably infected with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), although antibody response to PPD was low.
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Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Tuberculina/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are important aspects of managing tuberculosis (TB) cases appropriately. However, the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic kits based on immune response such as the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) are still debated. Thus, the exploration and assessment of specific biomarker-targeted antibodies are needed for the development of an accurate and rapid diagnostic tool. The present study was conducted in patients with a respiratory problem suspected to be TB at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Among 102 patients tested by GeneXpert and AFB, 59 serum samples were from cases retrospectively determined to have active TB. A total of 102 serum of healthy controls (HC) was also collected. The PPD antigen and the recombinant CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins were prepared. Antibody responses against these proteins were evaluated by ELISA. All samples were also screened for the possibility of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection using Capilla MaC kit. The results showed that TB patients had a significantly higher concentration of IgG antibody in response to PPD than the HC. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that PPD was acceptable for diagnostic purposes with an AUC value of 0.835 (95% CI 0.770-0.900, p < 0.0001). However, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 had low AUCs, and 32 samples from both groups showed a low concentration of IgA antibody against all antigens. The MAC detection results also showed that the concentration of IgA in the HC group was the highest. The current results indicate that PPD is a better antigen for antibody-based detection of TB than ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Based on the MAC detection assay, 53 people in the HC group were probably infected with rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), although antibody response to PPD was low.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Tuberculina/imunologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Valores de Referência , Tuberculose Pulmonar/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Teste Tuberculínico , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , IndonésiaRESUMO
Resumo A detecção precisa da infecção latente por tuberculose está se tornando cada vez mais importante devido ao aumento do uso de medicamentos imunossupressores e da epidemia do vírus da imunodeficiência humana, o que aumentou o risco de reativação à tuberculose ativa (TB). O Teste IGRA QuantiFERON® TB Gold apresenta vantagens frente ao teste de PPD como por exemplo, requer somente uma coleta de amostra sanguínea ; não há necessidade que o paciente retorne ao laboratório para leitura e interpretação dos resultados; Os resultados são objetivos, não requerem interpretação do leitor ou interferência de critérios subjetivos; trata-se de um teste in vitro, portanto não há "efeito booster" (potenciação da reação tuberculínica); o teste não é afetado por vacinação prévia por BCG ou infecção por outras espécies de micobactérias. Limitações são descritas, apesar de raras, como reações cruzadas deste método com infecções por algumas espécies de micobactérias não-tuberculosis (incluindo Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai e Mycobacterium marinum). Ainda há poucos dados sobre o teste IGRA em certas populações, como por exemplo, em crianças, pacientes imunocomprometidos e mulheres grávidas. Nestes grupos, a interpretação do teste pode ser difícil e mais estudos se fazem necessários.
Abstract Precise detection of latent tuberculosis infection is becoming increasingly important due to increased use of immunosuppressive drugs and the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic , which increased the risk of reactivation to active tuberculosis (TB).The QuantiFERON® TB Gold IGRA Test has advantages over the skin test for TB, otherwise known as a Mantoux tuberculin test, for example, requires only a blood sample collection; there is no need for the patient to return to the laboratory for reading and interpretation of the results; The results are objective, do not require interpretation of the reader or interference of subjective criteria; it is an in vitro test, so there is no "booster effect" (potentiation of the tuberculin reaction); the test is not affected by prior BCG vaccination or infection with other species of mycobacteria. Limitations are described, although rare, as cross-reactions of this method with infections by some species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (including Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium marinum). There is still little data on the IGRA test in certain populations, such as in children, immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. In these groups, the interpretation of the test can be difficult and more studies are needed.
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Humanos , Uveíte/diagnóstico , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Ocular/diagnóstico , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodos , Tuberculina/análise , Estudo Comparativo , Interferon gama/análise , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
This data article is referred to the research article entitled The role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration by Uarrota et al. (2015). Food Chemistry 197, Part A, 737-746. The stress duo to PPD of cassava roots leads to the formation of ROS which are extremely harmful and accelerates cassava spoiling. To prevent or alleviate injuries from ROS, plants have evolved antioxidant systems that include non-enzymatic and enzymatic defence systems such as ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and polysaccharides. In this data article can be found a dataset called "newdata", in RData format, with 60 observations and 06 variables. The first 02 variables (Samples and Cultivars) and the last 04, spectrophotometric data of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, tocopherol, total proteins and arcsined data of cassava PPD scoring. For further interpretation and analysis in R software, a report is also provided. Means of all variables and standard deviations are also provided in the Supplementary tables ("data.long3.RData, data.long4.RData and meansEnzymes.RData"), raw data of PPD scoring without transformation (PPDmeans.RData) and days of storage (days.RData) are also provided for data analysis reproducibility in R software.
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains the world's leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine currently in use, its efficacy is highly variable. It has been suggested that early antigenic presentation is a pivotal event leading to a better immune response in TB vaccine models. To investigate this further, we compared in vitro cell-mediated immune responses in the context of early sensitization with TB (i.e. healthy adults vaccinated with BCG when they were young, HD; n = 25) to those in its absence (i.e., newborns with naïve immunity to TB, UV; n = 10) by challenging mononuclear cells with BCG Moreau. After 48 hours, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were harvested from both groups and stained for PD-1/CD25/ FOXP3. In addition, supernatants were assayed for a broad range of cytokines using an array system. The HD group showed robust reactivity to Protein Purified Derivative and BCG while the naïve, UV group did not. Similarly, in terms of PD-1 expression and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25high(+)/FOXP3+), only the HD group showed higher levels in CD4 lymphocytes. Otherwise, only the UV group showed expression of CD25dim+ as an activation marker dependent on BCG infection. In terms of cytokines, the HD group showed higher levels of Th1 (IL-2/TNF-α/IFN-γ) and regulatory (IL-10) profiles, with monocytes, but not Tr1 cells, acting as the main source of IL-10. Taken together, our results highlight critical roles of early sensitization with TB in mounting cell-mediated immune responses.
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Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura/química , Citocinas/análise , Fatores de Transcrição Forkhead/análise , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Subunidade alfa de Receptor de Interleucina-2/análise , Leucócitos Mononucleares/química , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/análise , Subpopulações de Linfócitos T/química , Adulto JovemRESUMO
O teste intradérmico para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina utiliza derivados proteicos purificados (PPD) de Mycobacterium bovis que são capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade em animais infectados. No entanto, apresenta baixa especificidade devido à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras micobactérias. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir proteínas recombinantes (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 e ESX-1) de Mycobacterium bovis e avaliá-las como antígenos em teste intradérmico utilizando Cavia porcellus como modelo, e verificar se as condições empregadas na purificação (nativa ou desnaturante) interferem no desempenho antigênico dessas proteínas. As proteínas foram testadas em Cavia porcellus previamente sensibilizados com cepa M. bovis AN5 inativada, individualmente (160 µg) ou combinadas na forma de um coquetel (40 µg cada). O coquetel de proteínas induziu reações de hipersensibilidade nos animais sensibilizados significativamente superiores (p=0,002) as observadas nos animais não sensibilizados, possibilitando diferenciação. No entanto, as proteínas isoladamente não foram capazes de promover essa diferenciação. As condições de solubilização e purificação influenciaram o desempenho antigênico da proteína ESAT-6, pois, quando produzida em condição desnaturante desencadeou reações inespecíficas nos animais não sensibilizados, enquanto que aquela produzida em condições nativas e aplicada em concentrações de 6, 12, 24 e 48µg induziu reações significativas apenas nos animais sensibilizados, confirmando o seu potencial como antígeno.(AU)
The intradermal skin test for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been used the purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis, that is able to induce a hypersensitivity reaction in infected animals. However, shows low specificity due to the occurrence of cross reactions with other mycobacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce recombinant proteins (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 and ESX-1) of Mycobacterium bovis and assess them as antigens in skin test using guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) as a model, and check if the conditions employed in the purification (native or denaturing condition) interfere in the antigenic performance of these proteins. The proteins were tested in guinea pigs previously sensitized with inactivated M. bovis strain AN5, individually (160 µg/µl), or as a mixed cocktail (40 µg each). The cocktail of proteins induced hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized animals significantly (p=0.002) higher than those observed in non-sensitized animals, allowing differentiation. On the other hand, the proteins individually were not able to promote this differentiation. The conditions of solubilization and purification influenced the antigenic performance of the protein ESAT-6, since, when produced in denaturing condition triggered nonspecific reaction in non-sensitized animals. Whereas when produced under native conditions and used at concentrations (6, 12, 24 and 48µg/µl) induced a significant response only in sensitized animals, confirming its potential as antigen.(AU)
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Animais , Cobaias/imunologia , Testes Intradérmicos , Tuberculose Bovina/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes , Modelos Animais , Testes Intradérmicos/veterináriaRESUMO
O teste intradérmico para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina utiliza derivados proteicos purificados (PPD) de Mycobacterium bovis que são capazes de induzir reações de hipersensibilidade em animais infectados. No entanto, apresenta baixa especificidade devido à ocorrência de reações cruzadas com outras micobactérias. Neste sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi produzir proteínas recombinantes (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 e ESX-1) de Mycobacterium bovis e avaliá-las como antígenos em teste intradérmico utilizando Cavia porcellus como modelo, e verificar se as condições empregadas na purificação (nativa ou desnaturante) interferem no desempenho antigênico dessas proteínas. As proteínas foram testadas em Cavia porcellus previamente sensibilizados com cepa M. bovis AN5 inativada, individualmente (160 µg) ou combinadas na forma de um coquetel (40 µg cada). O coquetel de proteínas induziu reações de hipersensibilidade nos animais sensibilizados significativamente superiores (p=0,002) as observadas nos animais não sensibilizados, possibilitando diferenciação. No entanto, as proteínas isoladamente não foram capazes de promover essa diferenciação. As condições de solubilização e purificação influenciaram o desempenho antigênico da proteína ESAT-6, pois, quando produzida em condição desnaturante desencadeou reações inespecíficas nos animais não sensibilizados, enquanto que aquela produzida em condições nativas e aplicada em concentrações de 6, 12, 24 e 48µg induziu reações significativas apenas nos animais sensibilizados, confirmando o seu potencial como antígeno.
The intradermal skin test for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis has been used the purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium bovis, that is able to induce a hypersensitivity reaction in infected animals. However, shows low specificity due to the occurrence of cross reactions with other mycobacteria. Thus, the aim of this study was to produce recombinant proteins (ESAT-6, PE13, PE5 and ESX-1) of Mycobacterium bovis and assess them as antigens in skin test using guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) as a model, and check if the conditions employed in the purification (native or denaturing condition) interfere in the antigenic performance of these proteins. The proteins were tested in guinea pigs previously sensitized with inactivated M. bovis strain AN5, individually (160 µg/µl), or as a mixed cocktail (40 µg each). The cocktail of proteins induced hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized animals significantly (p=0.002) higher than those observed in non-sensitized animals, allowing differentiation. On the other hand, the proteins individually were not able to promote this differentiation. The conditions of solubilization and purification influenced the antigenic performance of the protein ESAT-6, since, when produced in denaturing condition triggered nonspecific reaction in non-sensitized animals. Whereas when produced under native conditions and used at concentrations (6, 12, 24 and 48µg/µl) induced a significant response only in sensitized animals, confirming its potential as antigen.
Assuntos
Animais , Cobaias/imunologia , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Testes Intradérmicos , Tuberculose Bovina/diagnóstico , Modelos Animais , Testes Intradérmicos/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo produzir e purificar parcialmente a PPD-maleína a partir de amostras de Burkholderia mallei isoladas de equídeos no Brasil com potencial para uso no diagnóstico do mormo. As linhagens de B. mallei fenotipicamente caracterizadas e de virulência comprovada foram inoculadas em caldo Dorset-Henley para crescer e metabolizar. Em seguida, as proteínas foram separadas por precipitação com ácido tricloroacético e precipitadas com sulfato de amônia. As PPDs-maleínas foram concentradas em 1,0mg/mL e na avaliação realizada em cobaios foi eficaz no desenvolvimento da hipersensibilidade do tipo tardia e consequentemente na identificação de animais verdadeiro positivos e exclusão dos verdadeiro negativos, sendo uma possibilidade em potencial para utilização no diagnóstico do mormo.(AU)
The objective of this study was to produce and partially purify Malleo-protein from Burkholderia mallei samples isolates from Equidae in Brazil with potential for use in the diagnosis of glanders. The strain B. mallei phenotypically characterized and proven virulent was inoculated into broth Dorset-Henley to grow and metabolize. The proteins were separated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and amonium sulfate precipitation. The PPD mallein was concentrated 1.0mg/mL and biologically tested in guinea pigs. It was effective in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity and consequently to identify true-positive animals and to exclude of true negatives. There is the possibility for potential use in the glanders diagnosis in Equidae.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos , Mormo/diagnóstico , Burkholderia mallei/isolamento & purificação , Testes Cutâneos/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetivou-se com este estudo produzir e purificar parcialmente a PPD-maleína a partir de amostras de Burkholderia mallei isoladas de equídeos no Brasil com potencial para uso no diagnóstico do mormo. As linhagens de B. mallei fenotipicamente caracterizadas e de virulência comprovada foram inoculadas em caldo Dorset-Henley para crescer e metabolizar. Em seguida, as proteínas foram separadas por precipitação com ácido tricloroacético e precipitadas com sulfato de amônia. As PPDs-maleínas foram concentradas em 1,0mg/mL e na avaliação realizada em cobaios foi eficaz no desenvolvimento da hipersensibilidade do tipo tardia e consequentemente na identificação de animais verdadeiro positivos e exclusão dos verdadeiro negativos, sendo uma possibilidade em potencial para utilização no diagnóstico do mormo.
The objective of this study was to produce and partially purify Malleo-protein from Burkholderia mallei samples isolates from Equidae in Brazil with potential for use in the diagnosis of glanders. The strain B. mallei phenotypically characterized and proven virulent was inoculated into broth Dorset-Henley to grow and metabolize. The proteins were separated by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and amonium sulfate precipitation. The PPD mallein was concentrated 1.0mg/mL and biologically tested in guinea pigs. It was effective in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity and consequently to identify true-positive animals and to exclude of true negatives. There is the possibility for potential use in the glanders diagnosis in Equidae.
Assuntos
Animais , Burkholderia mallei/isolamento & purificação , Cavalos , Mormo/diagnóstico , Testes Cutâneos/veterináriaRESUMO
Kikuchi disease is a self-limited disorder of unknown etiology characterized by focal painful lymphadenitis, fever, and weight loss that can be mistaken for malignancy. Diagnosis is established by node biopsy. Kikuchi disease is endemic in Asia; 10 cases have been reported in the US to date. We report 3 cases and review other US cases.
Assuntos
Linfadenite Histiocítica Necrosante/diagnóstico , Linfonodos/patologia , Adolescente , Biópsia , Criança , Connecticut , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
O mormo é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa causada por uma bactéria denominada Burkholderia mallei, um bacilo Gram-negativo, aeróbio, imóvel e intracelular facultativo. Acomete principalmente os equinos, asininos e muares, e o homem é hospedeiro acidental, sendo, geralmente, uma doença ocupacional e fatal. Geralmente, a maleína e os testes sorológicos, são utilizados no diagnóstico da doença. A maleinização é similar à tuberculização, sendo a maleína uma glicoproteína extraída a partir de culturas de B. mallei que é utilizada como antígeno no teste intradermo-palpebral em equídeos. Objetivou-se detectar a Hipersensibilidade do Tipo Tardia (HTT) à PPD-maleína produzida no Brasil em equinos sensibilizados em uma propriedade no estado de Alagoas.
RESUMO
O mormo é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa causada por uma bactéria denominada Burkholderia mallei, um bacilo Gram-negativo, aeróbio, imóvel e intracelular facultativo. Acomete principalmente os equinos, asininos e muares, e o homem é hospedeiro acidental, sendo, geralmente, uma doença ocupacional e fatal. Geralmente, a maleína e os testes sorológicos, são utilizados no diagnóstico da doença. A maleinização é similar à tuberculização, sendo a maleína uma glicoproteína extraída a partir de culturas de B. mallei que é utilizada como antígeno no teste intradermo-palpebral em equídeos. Objetivou-se detectar a Hipersensibilidade do Tipo Tardia (HTT) à PPD-maleína produzida no Brasil em equinos sensibilizados em uma propriedade no estado de Alagoas.