RESUMO

Lipurometriocnemus. bogotensis sp. n. and Antillocladius laviejae sp. n., two species collected at the "La Vieja" creek, near Bogotá, Colombia; 2666 m, are described and depicted as male imagines. L. bogotensis sp. n. can be separated from other Lipurometriocnemus species by lacking acrosticals setae on thorax, thus an emendation of the genus concept is presented. Antillocladius laviejae sp. n. is differentiated from other closely related members of the genus mainly by the pilosity of wings.

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RESUMO

Resumen Los lagos tropicales de alta montaña presentan condiciones ambientales únicas donde los quironómidos tienen un papel importante en el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Las características de estos ambientes podrían favorecer el solapamiento de dietas y por ende una alta competencia interespecífica. En este estudio se describen los hábitos alimentarios de géneros de quironómidos, se identifica si los hábitos alimenticios son especializados o generalistas y se analiza el solapamiento en la dieta de los géneros. Entre abril y mayo de 2016 se colectaron larvas de Chironomidae de cuatro lagos del páramo de Chingaza. Se evaluó la dieta de larvas, mediante el análisis de contenido estomacal. Se ubicó cada género en gremios tróficos (carnívoro, detritívoro y alguívoro) y se estimó el solapamiento de las dietas entre los géneros mediante el índice de Pianka. Se colectó un total de 1 003 individuos y se identificaron nueve géneros. Las larvas consumieron principalmente materia orgánica particulada fina (MOPF), algas, fragmentos de macrófitas, macroinvertebrados y tejido animal. La MOPF fue la fuente principal de alimento de detritívoros. El análisis de dietas mostró una alta afinidad de cada género con un único gremio trófico y la mayor parte de los géneros son generalistas en el uso de recursos. En todos los lagos se observaron valores altos de solapamiento en la dieta entre los géneros y los gremios tróficos, principalmente entre los detritívoros. Los resultados sugieren que las larvas de Chironomidae presentan hábitos tróficos bien diferenciados, ocurriendo un moderado solapamiento de dietas entre géneros de detritívoros y carnívoros.

Abstract Tropical high mountain lakes show unique environmental conditions where chironomids play an important role in ecosystem functioning. The characteristics of these environments could favor diet overlap and therefore a high interspecific competition. This study described the dietary habits of chironomid genera, identified whether the dietary habits were specialized or generalist, and analyzed the diet overlap in the genera. Chironomidae larvae were collected from four lakes of the Chingaza paramo during the dry season, between April and May of 2 016. The feeding habits of larvae were evaluated by analyzing gut contents following standard methods. Each genus was assigned to trophic guilds (carnivore, detritivore and algivore) and the diet overlap was estimated using the Pianka's index. A total of 1 003 individuals were collected and nine genera were identified. Larvae consumed mainly fine particulate organic matter (FPOM), algae, macrophyte fragments, macroinvertebrates, and animal tissues. FPOM was the main feeding resource of detritivores. The analysis of diets showed a high affinity of each genus for a single trophic guild and most of the genera were generalist in the use of resources. For all lakes, high levels of diet overlap were observed among genera and trophic guilds, mainly among detritivores. Our results suggested that Chironomidae larvae of these lakes presented well differentiated trophic habits, and showed a moderate diet overlap within detritivores and carnivores. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 136-148. Epub 2018 March 01.

RESUMO

The genus Oliveiriella (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) was erected by Wiedenbrug & Fittkau (1997). The adults have characteristic black spots on their wings and other characteristics similar to the genus Cricotopus. Pupal skins are very characteristic with strong short spines in the anal lobe instead of setae, while larvae are distinguishable by the long anal papillae and the intense blue color of their body. However, Andersen et al (2013) consider Oliveiriella as a subgenera of Cricotopus. In this paper, using the sequences of the cox1 gene, we conclude that Oliveiriella should be considered a subgenus within Cricotopus, confirming its status in Andersen et al (2013). Furthermore, we describe Cricotopus (Oliveiriella) rieradevallae Prat & Paggi sp. n. from the Saltana river (Ecuador). The adult males, females, and preimaginal stages of the two species of subgenus Oliveiriella known from South America Cricotopus (O.) almeidai n. comb. from Peru, Brazil, and Argentina and Cricotopus (O.) sanjavieri n. comb. from Argentina are compared with those of Cricotopus (O.) rieradevallae sp. n. from Ecuador. The differences allow the distinction of the three species. The cox1 gene reveals that at least three different undescribed species of the same subgenus are present in the high-altitude tropical Andes. The morphology of the available pupae and pupal exuviae reveals the presence of several morphotypes that are candidates to be described as new species. A key used to distinguish these pupal morphotypes is provided, including the three described species. Additionally, the distribution of the subgenus is discussed.

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Chironomidae es una de las familias más abundantes y diversas en los ecosistemas de agua dulce, sin embargo su complejidad sistemática ha sido motivo de su escaso desarrollo en muchos estudios limnológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los ensambles de Chironomidae bentónicos y derivantes de un arroyo serrano de la región central de Argentina evaluando abundancia, diversidad y composición de especies en diferentes hábitats fluviales y distintas estaciones del año. Se tomaron muestras cuantitativas de bentos y deriva en el arroyo Achiras (Córdoba, Argentina) en hábitats de rabión y corredera, y se registraron variables ambientales en las cuatro estaciones del año, entre 2007 y 2008. Se registró un total de 25 taxones pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias. Los quironómidos bentónicos constituyeron el 19% de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados, mientras que en deriva representaron el 33%. En el bentos dominó Thienemannimyia sp. y en la deriva, Corynoneura sp. De acuerdo con los resultados de ANOVAs de dos vías, los mayores valores de riqueza taxonómica y densidad bentónica se registraron en el periodo de aguas bajas (otoño e invierno) y la diversidad de quirónomidos bentónicos fue mayor en rabión. Por el contrario, para el ensamble de derivantes sólo la equitatividad fue diferente entre hábitats y entre estaciones. El análisis TWINSPAN mostró una separación espacio-temporal de las muestras de bentos, mientras que las muestras de deriva se segregaron sólo temporalmente lo que sugiere que el transporte aguas abajo de los invertebrados homogeniza la variación espacial observada en el bentos. La densidad de bentos y deriva varió de manera similar a través de las estaciones del año y el coeficiente de Jaccard presentó un alto índice de similitud entre bentos y deriva (86%). Este trabajo posibilitó conocer la dinámica temporal y espacial de los quironómidos bentónicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano[...]

Chironomidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in freshwater ecosystems, however its highly complex systematic has led to its scarce development in many limnological studies. The aim of this study was to analyze benthic and drifting Chironomidae assemblages in a mountain stream of central Argentina assessing abundance, diversity and taxa composition in different fluvial habitats and seasons. Quantitative benthic and drift samples were taken in the Achiras stream (Córdoba, Argentina) in rifles and runs, and environmental variables were measured in each season between 2007 and 2008. A total of 25 taxa were registered belonging to four subfamilies. Benthic chironomids represented 19% of the macroinvertebrate community, whereas they constituted 33% in drift. Thienemannimyia sp. dominated in benthos and Corynoneura sp. in drift. According to the two-way ANOVAs results, the highest taxonomic richness and benthic density were registered during the low flow period (autumn and winter) and the highest benthic diversity was found in riffles. On the contrary, in the drifting assemblage only evenness was different between habitats and among seasons. TWINSPAN analysis showed a spatio-temporal segregation of benthic samples, whereas drift samples were separated only temporally suggesting that the dislodgment of invertebrates downstream homogenize the spatial variation observed in benthos. Benthic and drift density varied in a similar manner through seasons and Jaccard coefficient showed a high similarity index between benthos and drift (86%). This study allowed knowing the spatio-temporal dynamic of benthic and drifting Chironomidae in a mountain stream. The increase of knowledge in relation to taxonomy, biology and ecology of Chironomidae will allow to adequate and apply management and conservation strategies of lotic ecosystems in the central region of Argentina

Assuntos

RESUMO

Chironomidae es una de las familias más abundantes y diversas en los ecosistemas de agua dulce, sin embargo su complejidad sistemática ha sido motivo de su escaso desarrollo en muchos estudios limnológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los ensambles de Chironomidae bentónicos y derivantes de un arroyo serrano de la región central de Argentina evaluando abundancia, diversidad y composición de especies en diferentes hábitats fluviales y distintas estaciones del año. Se tomaron muestras cuantitativas de bentos y deriva en el arroyo Achiras (Córdoba, Argentina) en hábitats de rabión y corredera, y se registraron variables ambientales en las cuatro estaciones del año, entre 2007 y 2008. Se registró un total de 25 taxones pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias. Los quironómidos bentónicos constituyeron el 19% de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados, mientras que en deriva representaron el 33%. En el bentos dominó Thienemannimyia sp. y en la deriva, Corynoneura sp. De acuerdo con los resultados de ANOVAs de dos vías, los mayores valores de riqueza taxonómica y densidad bentónica se registraron en el periodo de aguas bajas (otoño e invierno) y la diversidad de quirónomidos bentónicos fue mayor en rabión. Por el contrario, para el ensamble de derivantes sólo la equitatividad fue diferente entre hábitats y entre estaciones. El análisis TWINSPAN mostró una separación espacio-temporal de las muestras de bentos, mientras que las muestras de deriva se segregaron sólo temporalmente lo que sugiere que el transporte aguas abajo de los invertebrados homogeniza la variación espacial observada en el bentos. La densidad de bentos y deriva varió de manera similar a través de las estaciones del año y el coeficiente de Jaccard presentó un alto índice de similitud entre bentos y deriva (86%). Este trabajo posibilitó conocer la dinámica temporal y espacial de los quironómidos bentónicos y derivantes en un arroyo serrano[...](AU)

Chironomidae is one of the most abundant and diverse families in freshwater ecosystems, however its highly complex systematic has led to its scarce development in many limnological studies. The aim of this study was to analyze benthic and drifting Chironomidae assemblages in a mountain stream of central Argentina assessing abundance, diversity and taxa composition in different fluvial habitats and seasons. Quantitative benthic and drift samples were taken in the Achiras stream (Córdoba, Argentina) in rifles and runs, and environmental variables were measured in each season between 2007 and 2008. A total of 25 taxa were registered belonging to four subfamilies. Benthic chironomids represented 19% of the macroinvertebrate community, whereas they constituted 33% in drift. Thienemannimyia sp. dominated in benthos and Corynoneura sp. in drift. According to the two-way ANOVAs results, the highest taxonomic richness and benthic density were registered during the low flow period (autumn and winter) and the highest benthic diversity was found in riffles. On the contrary, in the drifting assemblage only evenness was different between habitats and among seasons. TWINSPAN analysis showed a spatio-temporal segregation of benthic samples, whereas drift samples were separated only temporally suggesting that the dislodgment of invertebrates downstream homogenize the spatial variation observed in benthos. Benthic and drift density varied in a similar manner through seasons and Jaccard coefficient showed a high similarity index between benthos and drift (86%). This study allowed knowing the spatio-temporal dynamic of benthic and drifting Chironomidae in a mountain stream. The increase of knowledge in relation to taxonomy, biology and ecology of Chironomidae will allow to adequate and apply management and conservation strategies of lotic ecosystems in the central region of Argentina(AU)

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RESUMO

Jururumberus n. gen. is erected based on the males of J. arapuca n. sp. from São Paulo State, in southeastern Brazil and J. uatuma n. sp. from the Amazonas in northern Brazil. The genus can be separated from other Orthocladiinae based on the combination of bare eyes, wing, and squama; frons U-shaped, extended ventrally; AR ≤ 0.3, antenna without apical seta; palp short, five-segmented, with sensilla clavata in subapical sensillum coeloconicum; no acrostichals; costa strongly extended; R4+5 ending proximal to M3+4; anal point narrowly triangular with microtrichia only, sitting high on tergite IX; and virga composed of two spines.

Jururumberus n. gen. é descrito baseado em machos de J. arapuca n. sp. do Estado de São Paulo, no sudeste brasileiro e J. uatuma n. sp. do Estado do Amazonas no norte brasileiro. O gênero pode ser separado dos demais Orthocladiinae com base na combinação dos seguintes caracteres: olhos, asas e squama nus; fronte em forma de ‘U', extendido ventralmente; AR ≤ 0.3, antena sem seta apical; palpo encurtado, com cinco segmentos, com sensilas clavadas em uma sensila celocônica subapical; acrosticais ausentes; veia costal fortemente extendida; R4+5 terminando proximal em relação a M3+4; ponta anal estreita e triangular com apenas microtríquios, situada oralmente no tergito IX; virga composta de dois espinhos.

RESUMO

The distribution of the genus Barbadocladius Cranston & Krosch (Diptera: Chironomidae), previously reported from Chile to Bolivia, has extended northwards. Larvae, pupae and pupal exuviae of this genus have been found in the high mountain tropical streams of Peru to 9°22'56″, but are restricted to very high altitude streams (altitudes over 3,278 m asl) compared to the lower altitude streams (below 1,100 m asl) in which the genus is reported in Chile and Argentina. Based on morphological studies, both described species in the genus, Barbadocladius andinus Cranston & Krosch and Barbadocladius limay Cranston & Krosch, have been found in Peru as pupae or pupal exuviae. Morphological analysis of the larvae and pupae revealed no differences between the two described species from Patagonia and Peru, which are of similar size and with a similar armament of hooklets and spines in pupal tergites and sternites. However, molecular analysis of larvae and pupae revealed that in Peru, there are at least two different evolutionary lines, one distributed widely and another restricted to one site. Phylogenetic analysis (using cox1 mitochondrial sequences) of all available sequences of Barbadocladius shows that the Chilean and Argentinean material differs from that of Peru. Therefore, a total of four molecular segregates are identified, although morphologically, neither larvae nor the pupae may be differentiated.

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RESUMO

The genus Lyrocladius Mendes et Andersen was described in 2008 based on L. radulatus Mendes et Andersen from Southern and Southeastern Brazil. Here a second species, Lyrocladius cacau sp.n., is described and figured based on a single male from Bahia in Northeastern Brazil.

O gênero Lyrocladius Mendes et Andersen foi descrito em 2008 com base na espécie L. radulatus Mendes et Andersen a partir de material das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. Aqui descrevemos e ilustramos uma espécie nova, Lyrocladius cacau, com base em um único macho adulto da Bahia, nordeste brasileiro.

RESUMO

Miambera miae n. gen., n. sp. is described and figured based on adult males from Mata Atlântica in southern Brazil. This genus can be separated from other Orthocladiinae based on the combination of hairy eyes; antenna with strong, subapical seta; decumbent acrostichals in the anterior third of scutum; bare wing and squama; R4+5 ending proximal to M3+4; anal point lacking; and tuft of strong, flattened macrotrichia on low, dorsal protuberance of tergite IX.

Miambera miae n. gen., n. sp. é descrito e ilustrado com base em machos adultos coletados na Mata Atlântica do sul do Brasil. Este gênero pode ser separado dos demais Orthocladiinae com base na combinação de olhos com pelos entre os omatídeos; antena com seta subapical desenvolvida; acrosticais decumbentes no terço anterior do escudo; asas e squama nuas; R4+5 terminando proximal em relação ao ápice de M3+4; ponta anal ausente e macrotríquios longos e achatados numa pequena protuberância dorsal do tergito IX.

RESUMO

Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) sirventorum sp. n. is described and figured based on a male from Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is tentatively placed in subgenus Psilocricotopus Sæ,ther as it has a triangular, subapical crista dorsalis and a rounded superior volsella. However, the new species apparently lacks acrostichals and has 40 dorsocentrals in 1-4 irregular rows.

Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) sirventorum sp. n. é descrita e ilustrada com base em um macho adulto do Mato Grosso, Brasil. A espécie é tentativamente colocada no subgênero Psilocricotopus Sæther por apresentar crista dorsalis subapical e triangular e volsela superior arredondada. Entretanto esta espécie nova aparentemente não possui acrosticais e apresenta 40 dorsocentrais em 1-4 fileiras irregulares.

RESUMO

Maximberus maxi n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on adult males from Mata Atlântica in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. This genus can be separated from other Orthocladiinae on the combination of bare eyes, wing, and squama; no acrostichals; R4+5 ending proximal to M3+4; comb of setae on hind tibiae composed of few thin setae; well developed anal point; and virga composed of bundles of flattened spines attached to the oral part of the penis cavity.

Maximberus maxi n. gen., n. sp. é descrita e ilustrada com base no macho adulto coletado na Mata Atlântica do sul e sudeste do Brasil. Este gênero pode ser separado dos demais Orthocladiinae com base na combinação de olhos, asas e squama sem pelos; setas acrosticais ausentes; R4+5 terminando proximal a M3+4; pente de setas na tíbia posterior composto por poucas setas finas; ponta anal bem desenvolvida; virga composta de um agrupamento de espinhos achatados fundidos a parte anterior da cavidade peniana.

RESUMO

Iporangomberus pei n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on an adult male from Mata Atlântica in southeastern Brazil. This genus can be separated from other Orthocladiinae based on the combination of hairy eyes; decumbent acrostichals starting close to antepronotum; bare wing; squama with few setae; R4+5 ending distal to M3+4; curved, apically spoon-shaped phallapodeme; and simple, subquadrangular gonostylus with well developed heel.

Iporangomberus pei n. gen., n. sp. é descrito e ilustrado com base em um macho adulto coletado numa área de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Este gênero pode ser separado dos demais Orthocladiinae com base na combinação de olhos com pelos entre os omatídeos; acrosticais decumbentes começando próximo ao antepronoto; asa sem setas; squama com poucas setas; R4+5 terminando distalmente em relação ao ápice de M3+4; falapódema curvo com ápice em forma de colher; gonóstilo simples, subquadrangular, com uma projeção bem desenvolvida.

RESUMO

Saetherocryptus Andersen et Mendes, 2007 was described as monotypic, based on S. clavatus Andersen et Mendes, 2007 from Mata Atlântica in south and southeast Brazil. A second species, S. temimino sp. n., is described and figured below based on an adult male from São Paulo State.

Saetherocryptus Andersen et Mendes, 2007, até então monotípico, foi descrito com base em S. clavatus Andersen et Mendes, 2007 da Mata Atlântica do sul e sudeste do Brasil. Uma segunda espécie, S. temimino sp. n., é descrita e ilustrada abaixo com base em um macho adulto do Estado de São Paulo.

RESUMO

Colosmittia anamariae sp. n. from Costa Rica is described and figured as male imago. The genus Colosmittia Andersen et Sæther, 1994 was described based on a single species, C. clavata Andersen et Sæther, 1994 from the West Usambara Mountains in Tanzania, East Africa. A second species, C. brasileira Mendes et Andersen, 2009 was recently described from Brazil. The discovery of a third species in Costa Rica indicates that the genus might be widespread in the Neotropical region.

A espécie Colosmittia anamariae sp. n., da Costa Rica, é descrita e ilustrada com base no macho adulto. O gênero Colosmittia Andersen et Sæther, 1994 foi descrito para uma única espécie, C. clavata Andersen et Sæther, 1994, de "West Usambara Mountains" na Tanzânia, leste da África e recentemente registrado para o Brasil, com a descrição de C. brasileira Mendes et Andersen, 2009. A descoberta desta espécie nova indica que o gênero Colosmittia pode estar amplamente distribuído na região Neotropical.

RESUMO

The male and female of the new species Metriocnemus puna sp. n from the Argentinean Puna are described and illustrated. A parsimony analysis including 24 well-described species of the genus plus the new species based on the adult male was conducted in order to access the phylogenetic position of the new species and to provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus.

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RESUMO

The female of Ichthyocladius kronichticola Mendes, Andersen et S'ther is described and figured. The female genitalia shows characters like a large, apparently undivided gonapophysis VIII; large oval seminal capsules; and fused, fully sclerotized labia, that strengthen the placement of the genus in the Corynoneura-group of genera.

A fêmea de Ichthyocladius kronichticola Mendes, Andersen et S'ther é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. A genitália feminina apresenta caracteres como gonapófise VIII bem desenvolvida, aparentemente não-dividida; cápsulas seminais grandes e ovais e lábios fundidos, completamente esclerosados, estreitando o posicionamento do gênero no grupo Corynoneura.

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RESUMO

Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Sæther & Wang, 1995, was collected in Southeastern Brazil for the first time, extending the geographical distribution of this subspecies.

O registro de Paraphaenocladius exagitans longipes Sæther & Wang, 1995, no sudeste do Brazil amplia a distribuição geográfica desta subespécie.

RESUMO

Irisobrillia longicosta Oliver, originally described from Venezuela, is taken in Malaise traps close to small rivers in the state of Santa Catarina in south Brazil. The specimens from Brazil are small compared to the types from Venezuela, and are thus described in some detail. Irisobrillia is the only genus of the primitive Orthocladiinae close to the genus Brillia Kieffer occurring in the Neotropical region.