RESUMO

Rhenium complexes show great promise as anticancer drug candidates. Specifically, compounds with a Re(CO)3(NN)(py)+ core in their architecture have shown cytotoxicity equal to or greater than that of well-established anticancer drugs based on platinum or organic molecules. This study aimed to evaluate how the strength of the interaction between rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(py)]+, NN = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline (dpq) or dipyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c]phenazine (dppz) and biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) impacted the corresponding cytotoxic effect in cells. Results showed that fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ has higher Log Po/w and binding constant (Kb) with biomolecules (protein, lipid and DNA) compared to complexes of fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)(py)]+ and fac-[Re(CO)3(dpq)(py)]+. As consequence, fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.5 µM for HeLa cells) for fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ among the studied compounds (IC50 > 15 µM). This highest cytotoxicity of fac-[Re(CO)3(dppz)(py)]+ are probably related to its lipophilicity, higher permeation of the lipid bilayers of cells, and a more potent interaction of the dppz ligand with biomolecules (protein and DNA). Our findings open novel avenues for rational drug design and highlight the importance of considering the chemical structures of rhenium complexes that strongly interact with biomolecules (proteins, lipids, and DNA).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth, and Zn deficiency is a global issue, especially in tropical soils. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid (HA) and the Zn addition (Zn sulfate + HA) on the growth of maize and brachiaria in two contrasting Oxisols. The potential complexation of Zn sulfate by HA was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. Zinc content and its availability in solution and the shoot and root biomass of maize and brachiaria were determined. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the complexation of Zn sulfate by HA through its S and C functional groups. In both Oxisols, solution Zn increased due to the combined use of Zn and HA. In a soil type-dependent manner, maize biomass and Zn in its shoots were affected only by the exclusive use of Zn fertilization. In the Yellow Oxisol, brachiaria growth and Zn accumulated in its shoot were positively affected by the combined use of Zn fertilization with HA. In the Oxisol with lower organic matter content, HA can assure adequate supplying of residual Zn, while increasing growth of brachiaria cultivated in sequence to maize.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The synthesis of organometallic compounds with potential pharmacological activity has attracted the attention of many research groups, aiming to take advantage of aspects that the presence of the metal-carbon bond can bring to the design of new pharmaceutical drugs. In this context, we have gathered studies reported in the literature in which psychoactive benzodiazepine drugs were used as ligands in the preparation of organometallic and metal complexes and provide details on some of their biological effects. We also highlight that most commonly known benzodiazepine-based drugs display molecular features that allow the preparation of metallacycles via C-H activation. These organometallic compounds merit further attention regarding their potential biological effects, not only in terms of psychoactive drugs but also in the search for drug replacements, for example, for cancer treatments.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Vinasse is produced at high amounts by the ethanol and sugarcane spirits industries. Although the effects of vinasse on soil attributes are well elucidated, little is known about its effects on sorption and leaching of lead (Pb) from soils. This work evaluated the Pb sorption and leaching from disturbed topsoil samples (0-20 cm) of an Inceptisol, under the influence of sugarcane vinasse. Pb sorption was evaluated by batch sorption method, using air-dried samples ( 2 mm) treated with pure (100%), and diluted (20%, and 50%) vinasse. The amended soil samples were further reacted with 0.05; 0.10; 0.25; 0.50, and 0.75 mmol L-1 of Pb. To measure the Pb leached, soil columns were packed in PVC tubes, 12-cm long with 4-cm internal diameter filled with 200 g of treated soil. The vinasse doses applied over the columns corresponded to 0 (control), 150 and 300 m³ ha-1. Seven days later, 5 mL of a Pb solution (100 mmol L-1) was applied on the columns; they were successively leached and Pb was measured in the leachates. The vinasse increased the maximum sorption capacity and binding energy of Pb with the soil when at equilibrium conditions. However, at non-equilibrium conditions, the vinasse enhanced the Pb leaching. From these results, it is advised that special attention must be given to Pb contaminated areas where vinasse is applied.

A vinhaça é produzida em grandes quantidades pela indústria de etanol e de aguardente (cachaça). Embora os efeitos da vinhaça nos atributos do solo sejam bem conhecidos, pouco se sabe sobre eles no comportamento sortivo de chumbo (Pb). Avaliaram-se a sorção e a lixiviação de Pb em amostras da camada superficial (0-20 cm) de um Cambissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico típico (CXbd) sob influência da vinhaça. Para o ensaio de sorção, as amostras foram peneiradas em malha de 2 mm, tratadas com vinhaça diluída 20% e 50% e ao natural (100%), empregando água destilada nas amostras controle. Em seguida, soluções com 0,05; 0,10; 0,25; 0,50 e 0,75 mmol L-1 de Pb foram adicionadas às amostras de solo. Para o ensaio de lixiviação, foram preparadas colunas de solo em tubos de PVC de 12 cm de altura e 4 cm de diâmetro interno, contendo 200 g de solo. As doses de vinhaça aplicadas sobre as colunas foram correspondentes a 150 e 300 m³ ha-1. As colunas foram mantidas incubadas com vinhaça por sete dias. Após esse período, foram aplicados sobre cada coluna 5 mL de uma solução de concentração 100 mmol L-1 de Pb e, posteriormente, realizadas sucessivas lixiviações, coletando-se o percolado para determinação do teor de Pb. A vinhaça aumentou a capacidade máxima de adsorção de Pb e sua energia de ligação com o solo em condições de equilíbrio (ensaio de sorção), mas em condições de não equilíbrio (ensaio de lixiviação em colunas), a vinhaça aumentou a lixiviação de Pb. Com base nesses resultados, atenção especial deve ser dada a áreas que estejam recebendo vinhaça ao longo dos anos e que estejam ocasionalmente sujeitas à contaminação por Pb.

RESUMO

Vinasse is produced at high amounts by the ethanol and sugarcane spirits industries. Although the effects of vinasse on soil attributes are well elucidated, little is known about its effects on sorption and leaching of lead (Pb) from soils. This work evaluated the Pb sorption and leaching from disturbed topsoil samples (0-20 cm) of an Inceptisol, under the influence of sugarcane vinasse. Pb sorption was evaluated by batch sorption method, using air-dried samples ( 2 mm) treated with pure (100%), and diluted (20%, and 50%) vinasse. The amended soil samples were further reacted with 0.05; 0.10; 0.25; 0.50, and 0.75 mmol L-1 of Pb. To measure the Pb leached, soil columns were packed in PVC tubes, 12-cm long with 4-cm internal diameter filled with 200 g of treated soil. The vinasse doses applied over the columns corresponded to 0 (control), 150 and 300 m³ ha-1. Seven days later, 5 mL of a Pb solution (100 mmol L-1) was applied on the columns; they were successively leached and Pb was measured in the leachates. The vinasse increased the maximum sorption capacity and binding energy of Pb with the soil when at equilibrium conditions. However, at non-equilibrium conditions, the vinasse enhanced the Pb leaching. From these results, it is advised that special attention must be given to Pb contaminated areas where vinasse is applied.

A vinhaça é produzida em grandes quantidades pela indústria de etanol e de aguardente (cachaça). Embora os efeitos da vinhaça nos atributos do solo sejam bem conhecidos, pouco se sabe sobre eles no comportamento sortivo de chumbo (Pb). Avaliaram-se a sorção e a lixiviação de Pb em amostras da camada superficial (0-20 cm) de um Cambissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico típico (CXbd) sob influência da vinhaça. Para o ensaio de sorção, as amostras foram peneiradas em malha de 2 mm, tratadas com vinhaça diluída 20% e 50% e ao natural (100%), empregando água destilada nas amostras controle. Em seguida, soluções com 0,05; 0,10; 0,25; 0,50 e 0,75 mmol L-1 de Pb foram adicionadas às amostras de solo. Para o ensaio de lixiviação, foram preparadas colunas de solo em tubos de PVC de 12 cm de altura e 4 cm de diâmetro interno, contendo 200 g de solo. As doses de vinhaça aplicadas sobre as colunas foram correspondentes a 150 e 300 m³ ha-1. As colunas foram mantidas incubadas com vinhaça por sete dias. Após esse período, foram aplicados sobre cada coluna 5 mL de uma solução de concentração 100 mmol L-1 de Pb e, posteriormente, realizadas sucessivas lixiviações, coletando-se o percolado para determinação do teor de Pb. A vinhaça aumentou a capacidade máxima de adsorção de Pb e sua energia de ligação com o solo em condições de equilíbrio (ensaio de sorção), mas em condições de não equilíbrio (ensaio de lixiviação em colunas), a vinhaça aumentou a lixiviação de Pb. Com base nesses resultados, atenção especial deve ser dada a áreas que estejam recebendo vinhaça ao longo dos anos e que estejam ocasionalmente sujeitas à contaminação por Pb.