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This study focuses on uncovering the effect of country risks and renewable energy consumption on environmental quality. In this context, the study examines Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) nations; takes economic growth, trade openness, and urbanization into account; includes data from 1990 to 2018; applies cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) as the main model while common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG) and augmented mean group (AMG) for robustness checks. The empirical results show that (i) economic growth, political risk, urbanization, and trade openness contribute to an increase in ecological footprint; (ii) economic and financial risks as well as renewable energy use have a positive influence on environmental quality; (iii) a unidirectional causality exists from economic risk, financial risk, political risk, economic growth, urbanization, and trade openness to the ecological footprint: (iv) the validity of the EKC hypothesis for the MINT economies is verified; (v) the robustness of CS-ARDL results are validated by CCEMG and AMG approaches. Based on these results, policymakers should promote a sustainable environment to lessen the ecological footprint. Additionally, governments should firmly support investments in green technology as well as economic and financial stability to boost energy efficiency and promote the adoption and usage of energy-saving products.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Estudos Transversais , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Indonésia , México , Nigéria , Energia Renovável , TurquiaRESUMO
This study assesses the asymmetric impact of financial development, trade openness, and environmental degradation on economic growth in Venezuela between 1980 and 2019 using the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model. Findings from the bounds test indicate the presence of cointegration between the series in the model. Further findings from the study showed evidence of a significant negative long-run impact of negative shocks to financial development on long-run economic growth, thereby confirming that declining financial development hinders economic growth in Venezuela. Furthermore, positive and negative shocks of trade openness show a positive impact on economic growth in the long run. Meanwhile, in the short-run, negative shocks to financial development negatively impacts economic growth, while one year lagged negative shocks to financial development improve the short-run economic growth. More so, results from the long-run asymmetric test reveal that only financial development has a significant asymmetric effect on economic growth. However, errors to the system are adjusted at a speed of 38%. This study, thus, recommends the improvement of the financial sector and removing barriers to trade where possible, while adopting low carbon emissions for economic growth.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Carbono , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Dinâmica não Linear , VenezuelaRESUMO
In most nations across the world, the fundamental goal of economic policy is to achieve sustainable economic growth. Economic development, on the other hand, may have an influence on climate change and global warming, which are major worldwide concerns and problems. Thus, this research offers a new perceptive on the influence of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions in Argentina utilizing data from the period between 1965 and 2019. The current research applied the wavelet tools to assess these interconnections. The outcomes of these analyses reveal that the association between the series evolves over both frequency and time. The current analysis uncovers notable wavelet coherence and significant lead and lag connections in the frequency domain, while in the time domain, contradictory correlations are indicated among the variables of interest. From an economic perspective, the outcomes of the wavelet analysis affirm that in the medium and long term, renewable energy consumption contributes to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, in the medium term, trade openness mitigates CO2, although in the long term, no significant connection was found. Moreover, both nonrenewable energy and economic growth contribute to environmental degradation in the short and long term. Finally, the frequency domain causality outcomes reveal that in the long term, economic growth, trade openness, and nonrenewable energy can predict CO2 emissions. The present analysis offers an innovative insight into the interconnection and comovement between CO2 and trade openness, renewable energy utilization, and GDP in the Argentinean economy. The findings from this research should be of interest to economists, researchers, and policymakers.
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Dióxido de Carbono , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Argentina , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Aquecimento Global , Energia RenovávelRESUMO
Neotropical montane forests are considered biodiversity hotspots, where epiphytic bryophytes are an important component of the diversity, biomass and functioning of these ecosystems. We evaluated the richness and composition of bryophytes in secondary successional forests and mixed plantations of Juglans neotropica. In each forest type, the presence and cover of epiphytic bryophytes was registered in 400 quadrats of 20 cm × 30 cm. We analyzed the effects of canopy openness, diameter at breast height (DBH) and forest type on bryophyte richness, using a generalized linear model (GLM), as well as the changes in species composition using multivariate analysis. Fifty-five bryophyte species were recorded, of which 42 species were in secondary forests and 40 were in mixed plantations. Bryophyte richness did not change at forest level; however, at tree level, richness was higher in the mixed plantation of J. neotropica compared to the secondary forests, due to the presence of species adapted to high light conditions. On the other hand, bryophyte communities were negatively affected by the more open canopy in the mixed plantation of J. neotropica, species adapted to more humid conditions being less abundant. We conclude that species with narrow microclimatic niches are threatened by deforestation, and J. neotropica plantations do not act as refuge for drought-sensitive forest species present in secondary forests.
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Resumen El proceso de descentralización fiscal en Colombia, determinada por la descentralización hacia el mercado, tiene una relación intrínseca con las políticas de apertura económica que pueden ser rastreadas desde finales de la década de los años 60 del siglo XX, en la que se evidencia como el aumento del gasto derivado de las políticas de descentralización fiscal conllevaron a la adopción de políticas enfocadas en la liberalización y desregulación de la economía. Todo esto en sincronía con la puesta en marcha de la Modernización del Estado en Colombia. Este proceso genera un aumento de la opresión fiscal de corte indirecto y regresivo en el país y una pérdida de derechos del pueblo colombiano a partir de los postulados de eficiencia y eficacia impartida por el mercado, los cuales han evidenciado todo lo contrario al no comprender la descentralización atada a las relaciones sociales, económicas, culturales y políticas en el país que han generado una captura del Estado con procesos de corrupción, detrimentos patrimoniales y baja responsabilidad en la prestación de los servicios públicos y los derechos sociales.
Abstract The process of fiscal decentralization in Colombia, which is determined by decentralization to the market, has an intrinsic relationship with the policies of economic openness, which can be traced back to the late 1960s, which shows how increased spending from fiscal decentralization policies led to the adoption of policies focused on the liberalization and deregulation of the economy. All this in synchrony with the implementation of the Modernization of the State in Colombia. This process generates an increase in indirect and regressive fiscal oppression in the country and a loss of rights of the Colombian people from the postulates of efficiency and effectiveness imparted by the market, which have proven quite the opposite by not understanding the decentralization tied to social, economic, cultural and political relations in the country, which have generated a capture of the State with processes of corruption, property detriments, and low responsibility for the provision of public services and social rights.
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Forest cover and light availability comprise key factors for plant establishment in tropical forests. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF), Euterpe edulis (Areacaceae) is an endangered and keystone food resource contributing to forest functionality. We investigated the influence of forest loss and light availability on leaf traits and acclimatization of young individuals of E. edulis in AF fragments. We aimed to understand (i) how canopy openness and transmitted light are affected by forest cover at the landscape scale and the individual palm level; and (ii) how local and landscape features, combined and separately, affect key leaf traits widely known to be related to plant growth. The study was carried out in 15 forest fragments, ranging from 16 to 97% of surrounding forest cover. In each fragment, we sampled 10-20 individuals of E. edulis and analyzed nine leaf traits related to morphological, biochemical and chemical aspects. We also took hemispherical photographs to estimate canopy openness on the top of each E. edulis and also within fragment plots. We found that young plants predominantly occurred in more shaded environments. Additionally, E. edulis succeeded to acclimate in six of the nine traits analyzed, with most traits being affected by local and landscape features. It is likely that the lack of variation in traits related to protection against herbivory are limiting the species establishment in highly deforested landscapes. Our results provide novel evidence that both landscape and local contexts affect the leaf traits of E. edulis young plants leading to biochemical, chemical and morphological adjustments.
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Euterpe , Florestas , Brasil , Ecossistema , Humanos , Folhas de Planta , ÁrvoresRESUMO
At local scales, it has been suggested that high levels of resources lead to increased tree growth via trait optimization (highly peaked trait distribution). However, this contrasts with (1) theories that suggest that trait optimization and high growth occur in the most common resource level and (2) empirical evidence showing that high trait optimization can be also found at low resource levels. This raises the question of how are traits and growth optimized in highly diverse plant communities. Here, we propose a series of hypotheses about how traits and growth are expected to be maximized under different resource levels (low, the most common, and high) in tree seedling communities from a subtropical forest in Puerto Rico, USA. We studied the variation in the distribution of biomass allocation and leaf traits and seedlings growth rate along four resource gradients: light availability (canopy openness) and soil K, Mg, and N content. Our analyses consisted of comparing trait kurtosis (a measurement of trait optimization), community trait means, and relative growth rates at three resource levels (low, common, and high). Trait optimization varied across the three resource levels depending on the type of resource and trait, with leaf traits being optimized under high N and in the most common K and Mg conditions, but not at any of the light levels. Also, seedling growth increased at high-light conditions and high N and K but was not related to trait kurtosis. Our results indicate that local-scale variability of soil fertility and understory light conditions result in shifts in species ecological strategies that increase growth despite a weak trait optimization, suggesting the existence of alternative phenotypes that achieve similar high performance. Uncovering the links between abiotic factors, functional trait diversity and performance is necessary to better predict tree responses to future changes in abiotic conditions.
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Plântula , Árvores , Fenótipo , Folhas de Planta , Porto Rico , SoloRESUMO
To improve service performance in organizations for individuals with intellectual disability, the authors tested an intervention based on collaborative teams. Specifically, professionals and families cooperated in the design and implementation of projects to improve the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability. We considered two service performance indicators reported by family members (N = 342; 78% women; and a mean age of 57.17 years): service quality and self-determination communication openness. Our results revealed that family members assigned to the experimental condition improved their service quality evaluations from pre-intervention to post-intervention, whereas family members assigned to the control condition did not change their evaluations. The intervention was not effective for communication openness. Perceptions remained stable in family members who participated in the teams (experimental condition), whereas communication openness decreased in family members in the control condition. We discuss the implications of our findings for service research.
Para melhorar o desempenho do serviço em organizações para indivíduos com deficiência intelectual, os autores testaram uma intervenção baseada em equipes colaborativas. Especificamente, profissionais e famílias cooperaram na concepção e implementação de projetos para melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência intelectual. Foram considerados dois indicadores de desempenho do serviço relatados pelos familiares (N = 342; 78% mulheres; idade média de 57,17 anos): qualidade do serviço e abertura de comunicação autodeterminada. Nossos resultados revelaram que os membros da família atribuídos à condição experimental melhoraram suas avaliações de qualidade de serviço de pré-intervenção para pós-intervenção, enquanto os membros da família atribuídos à condição de controle não mudaram suas avaliações. A intervenção não foi eficaz para a abertura de comunicação. As percepções permaneceram estáveis nos familiares que participaram das equipes (condição experimental), enquanto a abertura comunicativa diminuiu nos familiares na condição controle. Discutimos as implicações de nossas descobertas para a pesquisa de serviços.
Para mejorar el desempeño del servicio en organizaciones para personas con discapacidad intelectual, los autores pusieron a prueba una intervención basada en equipos colaborativos. En concreto, profesionales y familias colaboraron en el diseño e implementación de proyectos para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con discapacidad intelectual. Se consideraron dos indicadores de desempeño del servicio reportados por los miembros de la familia (N = 342; 78% mujeres; y una edad promedio de 57,17 años): calidad del servicio y apertura en comunicación sobre autodeterminación. Nuestros resultados revelaron que los miembros de la familia asignados a la condición experimental mejoraron sus evaluaciones de calidad del servicio desde la preintervención hasta la postintervención, mientras que los miembros de la familia asignados a la condición de control no cambiaron sus evaluaciones. La intervención no fue eficaz para la apertura en comunicación. Las percepciones se mantuvieron estables en los familiares que participaron en los equipos (condición experimental), mientras que la apertura en comunicación disminuyó en los familiares en la condición de control. Se analizan las implicaciones de nuestros hallazgos para la investigación de servicios.
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O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar acerca da Reserva Cognitiva (RC) e da Abertura à Experiência (AE) em idosos sem demência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva, correlacional e quantitativa, da qual participaram 31 idosos divididos em dois grupos: Saudável e Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL). Houve correlação moderada, positiva e significativa (r = 0,463; p < 0,01) entre RC e AE. Percebeu-se que os idosos saudáveis (M = 0,53; DP = 0,10) apresentaram significativamente [t = (29) 3,785; p < 0,01] maior índice de RC em comparação aos idosos com CCL (M = 0,39; DP = 0,11). Os dados confirmaram que existe associação entre RC e AE, e que idosos saudáveis apresentam maior RC, comparados a idosos com CCL. Este estudo possibilitou conhecer possíveis relações e diferenças subjacentes ao processo de aquisição das reservas cognitivas e de fatores relativos a AE, podendo contribuir para que mais pesquisas sejam feitas, buscando maiores evidências no campo da ciência.
El objetivo de este trabajo fui investigar la Reserva Cognitiva (RC) y la Apertura a la Experiencia (AE) en ancianos sin demencia. Es una investigación de campo, descriptiva, correlacional y cuantitativa. Los participantes fueron 31 ancianos divididos en dos grupos: ancianos cognitivamente saludables (GS) y ancianos con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). Existió una correlación moderada, positiva y significativa (r = 0.463; p < 0.01) entre RC y AE. El GS (M = 0.53; SD = 0.10) presentó significativamente [t = (29) 3,785; p <0.01] mayor índice RC comparado con el DCL (M = 0.39; SD = 0.11). Los datos confirmaron que existió una asociación entre RC y AE, y que los ancianos cognitivamente sanos tuvieron una RC más alta en comparación con los ancianos con DCL. Este estudio permitió conocer las posibles relaciones y diferencias subyacentes al proceso de adquisición de reservas cognitivas y factores relacionados con la AE y puede contribuir a una mayor investigación, buscando mayor evidencia en el campo de la ciencia.
This paper aimed to analyze the relationship between Cognitive Reserve (CR) and Openness to Experience (OE) in non-demented elderly people. Descriptive, correlational and quantitative research was undertaken. The sample consisted of thirty-one elderly people divided into two groups: healthy and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). There was a moderate, positive and significant correlation (r = 0.463; p < 0.01) between CR and OE. It was found that the healthy controls (M = 0.53; SD = 0.10) present significantly [t = (29) 3,785; p < 0.01] higher CR compared to the elderly with MCI (M = 0.39; SD = 0.11). The data confirm that there was an association between CR and OE and that healthy controls have higher CR compared to the MCI group. This study allowed to know possible relationships and differences underlying the acquisition process of cognitive reserves and factors related to OE and may contribute to further research, seeking more evidence in the field of science.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Personalidade , Idoso/psicologia , Reserva Cognitiva , Demência , Disfunção Cognitiva , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Correlação de DadosRESUMO
This article researches the impact of financial openness on environmental degradation in the MERCOSUR countries over the time spanning from 1980 to 2014. The Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PARDL), in the form of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM), was computed with the purpose of decomposing the total effects of variables in their short- and long-run ones. The results of short-run impacts and elasticities of PARDL model showed that the financial openness increases the CO2 emissions both in the short- and in the long-run. Moreover, the results also support that economic growth, consumption of primary energy, and agricultural production are responsible for an increase of emissions in the MERCOSUR countries. Therefore, these empirical findings will help expand the literature that assesses the impact of financial development on the environment. The results also point out to the need of policymakers to change the way the energy mix is financed.
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Desenvolvimento Econômico , Administração Financeira , Agricultura , Dióxido de Carbono , Poluentes Ambientais , Poluição Ambiental/economia , Europa (Continente)RESUMO
Background The prevalence of dementia is increasing among people with a Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese-Creole background. Because informal care is very important in these communities, it is pertinent to see what explanations female family carers have for dementia and whether they can discuss dementia openly within the community and the family. Method Forty-one individual interviews and six focus group interviews ( n = 28) were held with female Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese Creole family carers who are looking after a close relative with dementia, and who live in The Netherlands. Qualitative analysis has been carried out, supported by the software MaxQda. Results The dominant explanations of dementia given by the female family carers interviewed are in line with what Downs et al. describe as the explanatory models 'dementia as a normal ageing process' and 'dementia as a spiritual experience'. In addition, some female family carers gave explanations that were about an interplay between various factors. Turkish and Moroccan informal caregivers ascribe the causes of dementia relatively often to life events or personality traits, whereas Surinamese Creole caregivers frequently mention physical aspects, such as past dehydration. However, the explanatory model 'dementia as a neuropsychiatric condition', which is dominant in Western cultures, was rarely expressed by the informal caregivers. The female family carers generally talked openly about the dementia with their close family, whereas particularly in the Turkish and Moroccan communities open communication within the broader communities was often hampered, e.g. by feelings of shame. Conclusions Female family carers of Turkish, Moroccan or Surinamese Creole backgrounds often consider dementia as a natural consequence of ageing, as a spiritual experience, and/or as an interplay between various factors. They feel they can talk openly about dementia within their close family, while outside the close family this is often more difficult.
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Cuidadores/psicologia , Comunicação , Demência/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Família/etnologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde/etnologia , Mulheres/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Demência/enfermagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Marrocos/etnologia , Países Baixos/etnologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Suriname/etnologia , Turquia/etnologiaRESUMO
The hypothesis that employees with experience in the public sector differ in personality aspects from those with less or no experience, suggested by the concept of person- organization fit, was tested among 711 participants in executive extension courses of a Peruvian university who filled-in the Big Five Aspect Scales. Whereas significant differences in various personality aspects were observed along age and between males and females, public sector experience only predicted greater Openness. Women outperformed men in Openness and a significant gender x time in public sector interaction revealed that prediction of Openness from the public-sector experience was more pronounced among men. The findings suggest that, in the population studied, little personality differences are attributable to experience in the public sector. Studies are needed to evaluate the external validity of the findings.
El concepto de ajuste persona-organización sugiere que empleados con experiencia en el sector público difieren en aspectos de la personalidad de aquellos con escasa o ninguna experiencia. Cuando se puso a prueba esta hipótesis entre 711 participantes en cursos de extensión para ejecutivos de una universidad peruana, se observó diferencias significativas en las Escalas de Aspectos de los Cinco Grandes entre hombres y mujeres y según la edad, pero la experiencia en el sector público solo predijo mayor Apertura. Las mujeres presentaron mayor Apertura que los hombres y una interacción significativa de género x tiempo en el sector público reveló que la predicción de Apertura desde la experiencia en el sector público era más pronunciada entre los hombres. Los hallazgos sugieren que, en la población estudiada, pocas diferencias de personalidad son atribuibles a la experiencia en el sector público. Se necesita estudios que evalúen la validez externa de los hallazgos.
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Este trabalho discute como a abertura a novas experiências se relaciona à forma como o sujeito percebe, significa e cuida do corpo e de sua saúde estética. Participaram do estudo 159 estudantes universitários, que responderam a Escala de Abertura a Experiências (EFA) e a Escala de Atitudes em Saúde e Estética (EASE). Os dados foram correlacionados e compreendidos a partir da teoria de formação da personalidade de Jeffrey Young. A correlação sugeriu que pessoas menos imaginativas e mais convencionais, pouco abertas a experiências novas, se preocupam mais com o corpo, indicando submissão a padrões sociais de beleza. Cognições, emoções e comportamentos perpetuados nas relações desenvolvidas na família e no círculo de relações afetivas infantis ampliadas e a própria cultura colocam o corpo e a beleza como meio de aceitação e inserção social. Esquemas vinculados ao primeiro domínio esquemático de desconexão e rejeição podem ser o centro da personalidade desses sujeitos
The study discusses how openness to new experiences relates to how the subject perceives, means and cares for the body and its aesthetic health. Participating in the study were 159 university students who responded to the Openness to Experience Scale (EFA) and Health and Aesthetic Attitudes Scale (EASE). The data were correlated and understood from the personality formation theory of Jeffrey Young. The correlation suggested that people less imaginative and more conventional, little open to new experiences, are more concerned with the body, indicating submission to social standards of beauty. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors perpetuated in the relationships developed in the family and in the circle of extended child affective relations and the culture itself place the body and the beauty as a means of acceptance and social insertion. Schemes linked to the first schematic domain of disconnection and rejection may be the center of personality of these subjects
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Una de las dificultades que han presentado los estudios destinados a identificar las causas de deserción universitaria, es la falta de consideración de variables sociales/contextuales que, según se ha demostrado en la literatura, se relacionan con el proceso de progresión de la carrera. Para la evaluación de dichas variables, el primer paso consiste en la adaptación de pruebas que permitan su medición. Por lo cual, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en la adaptación de las escalas de Apertura a la Diversidad, Percepción de Prejuicios y Discriminación y Experiencias Académicas. En este estudio participaron 1295 estudiantes que se encontraban cursando diferentes carreras en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Los resultados indicaron valores satisfactorios de consistencia interna (ρ>.80) y se logró replicar la estructura interna de cada instrumento mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. El estudio de validez indicó que las correlaciones observadas entre las diferentes escalas fueron las esperadas a nivel teórico. Se destacan limitaciones y se sugieren nuevas líneas de estudio. (AU)
Uma das dificuldades que têm apresentado os estudos destinados a identificar as causas de desistência universitária é a falta de consideração de variáveis sociais/contextuais que, segundo se demonstrou na literatura, relacionam-se com o processo de progressão da carreira. Para a avaliação dessas variáveis, o primeiro passo consiste na adaptação de provas que permitam sua medida. Pelo qual, o objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na adaptação das escalas de Abertura à Diversidade, Percepção de Preconceitos e Discriminação e Experiências Acadêmicas. Neste estudo, participaram 1295 estudantes que se encontravam cursando diferentes carreiras na Universidade Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). Os resultados indicaram valores satisfatórios de consistência interna (ρ>.80) e conseguiu-se replicar a estrutura interna da cada instrumento mediante análise fatorial confirmatório. O estudo de validade indicou que as correlações observadas entre as diferentes escalas foram as esperadas a nível teórico. Destacam-se, ainda, as limitações e sugerem-se novas linhas de estudo. (AU)
One of the difficulties presented by studies aimed at identifying the causes of university failure is the lack of consideration of social/contextual variables that, as literature has shown, are related to the process of career progression. To evaluate these variables, the first step is the adaptation of tests that allow their measurement. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Openness to Diversity, Perception of Prejudice and Discrimination, and Academic Experiences scales. This study involved 1,295 students attending different colleges at the National University of Cordoba (Argentina). The results indicated satisfactory values of internal consistency (ρ>.80) and it was possible to replicate the internal structure of each instrument through a confirmatory factor analysis. The validity study indicated that the correlations observed between the different scales were as expected at the theoretical level. The limitations are highlighted and new lines of study are suggested. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Preconceito/psicologia , Evasão Escolar/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Diversidade Cultural , Universidades , Discriminação Social/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise FatorialRESUMO
This study examined ways to improve fit and interpretive capacity of the M5-50, an IPIP-based personality instrument, using the Openness/Intellect model (O/I) given a history of poor performance of the M5-50 Openness scale (Socha, Cooper, & McCord, 2010). With participants from Amazon's MTurk (n = 305), theoretical models for the five-factor model, Openness as a 10-item single factor, and the O/I model were tested and fitted poorly. After removing one problematic item, the O/I model showed acceptable fit. Findings indicate that the O/I model improved psychometric validity and interpretive capacity for the M5-50. The flexibility and open access of IPIP-based instruments such as the M5-50 makes the IPIP an optimal choice for instrument adaptation and construction in Latin America.
Este estudio examinó maneras de mejorar el ajuste y la capacidad interpretativa del M5-50, un instrumento de medición de la personalidad basado en el IPIP, utilizando el modelo Apertura/Intelecto (O/I por sus siglas en inglés) dado el historial de desempeño pobre de la escala de Apertura del M5-50 (Socha, Cooper, y McCord, 2010). Con participantes de Amazon MTurk (n = 305), se analizaron modelos teóricos para los cinco factores de la personalidad, Apertura como un factor individual de 10 ítems, y el modelo O/I; todos los análisis tuvieron ajustes deficientes. Luego de remover un ítem con problemas, el modelo O/I demostró ajuste aceptable. Los resultados indican que el modelo O/I mejoró la validez psicométrica y la capacidad de interpretación del M5-50. La flexibilidad y el acceso libre a los instrumentos basados en el IPIP, como ser el M5-50, hacen del IPIP una elección óptima para la adaptación y construcción de instrumentos en Latinoamérica.
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Specific personality traits have been linked with substance use disorders (SUDs), genetic mechanisms, and brain systems. Thus, determining the specificity of personality traits to types of SUD can advance the field towards defining SUD endophenotypes as well as understanding the brain systems involved for the development of novel treatments. Disentangling these factors is particularly important in highly co morbid SUDs, such as marijuana and nicotine use, so treatment can occur effectively for both. This study evaluated personality traits that distinguish isolated and co-morbid use of marijuana and nicotine. To that end, we collected the NEO Five Factor Inventory in participants who used marijuana-only (n=59), nicotine-only (n=27), both marijuana and nicotine (n=28), and in non-using controls (n=28). We used factor analyses to identify personality profiles, which are linear combinations of the five NEO Factors. We then conducted Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to test accuracy of the personality factors in discriminating isolated and co-morbid marijuana and nicotine users from each other. ROC curve analysis distinguished the four groups based on their NEO personality patterns. Results showed that NEO Factor 2 (openness, extraversion, agreeableness) discriminated marijuana and marijuana+nicotine users from controls and nicotine-only users with high predictability. Additional ANOVA results showed that the openness dimension discriminated marijuana users from nicotine users. These findings suggest that personality dimensions distinguish marijuana users from nicotine users and should be considered in prevention strategies.
Assuntos
Discriminação Psicológica , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia , Fumar Maconha/efeitos adversos , Transtornos da Personalidade/epidemiologia , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Personalidade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Cannabis , Comorbidade , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Maconha/psicologia , México/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Testes de Personalidade , Curva ROC , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Tabagismo/diagnóstico , Tabagismo/psicologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Communication about adoption is a family interaction process which is more than the simple exchange of information. Adoption communication can be characterized in terms of the level of openness of family conversations regarding the child's past and the degree of the family's adoption social disclosure. The objective of this study is to explore the process of adoption communication openness in Portuguese adoptive families by identifying the impact of variables related to the adoption process, the adoptive parenting and the adoptee. One hundred twenty five parents of children aged 3 to 15, who were adopted on average 4 years ago, participated in this study. Data was collected during home visits using the Parents Adoption Process Interview. A cluster analysis identified three different groups of families according to the level of adoption communication openness within the family and outside. The findings also showed that the process of the adoption communication openness started when parents decided to adopt, developed in parent-child interaction and was susceptible to change under professional intervention. The relevance of training given to prospective adopters and of professional practice based on scientific evidence is highlighted.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adoção/psicologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , PortugalRESUMO
Objetivo. Estudiar la relación entre las variables psicosociales satisfacción con la vida, importancia del vínculo familiar, identidad nacional, importancia del dinero y apertura al cambio y la intención migratoria externa de colombianos residentes en varios municipios del Valle del Cauca para identificar cuáles son las mayores predictoras de la intención migratoria. Método. Estudio empírico con metodología cuantitativa-correlacional e intención predictiva, con 969 participantes seleccionados de manera no probabilística mediante la técnica bola de nieve, en la que contactos personales e institucionales iniciales condujeron al resto. Resultados. Los resultados indicaron que un porcentaje significativo de los participantes manifestaron intención de emigrar y mostraron una relación negativa y significativa de las variables satisfacción con la vida, importancia del vínculo familiar e identidad nacional con la intención migratoria, así como una relación positiva y significativa de las variables apertura al cambio e importancia del dinero con la misma intención migratoria. La identidad nacional emergió como el mayor predictor negativo y la apertura al cambio como el mayor predictor positivo de la intención migratoria. Conclusión. La intención migratoria es un fenómeno multivariado en el que los factores psicológicos juegan un importante papel.
Objective. To study the relationship between psychosocial variables: life satisfaction, importance of family ties, national identity, importance of money and openness to change, and external migratory intention of Colombian residents in several municipalities of the Valley of Cauca, identifying which, among the first, are the major predictors of migratory intention. Method. Empirical study with quantitative-correlational methodology and predictive intention, with 969 participants selected in non-probabilistic manner using the technique known as snowball, in which personal and institutional initial contacts led the rest. Results. The results indicated that a significant percentage of the participants showed intention to emigrate and also showed a negative and significant relationship between the variables life satisfaction, importance of family ties and national identity, with migratory intention and a positive and significant relationship of variables openness to change and importance of money with the same migratory intention. National identity emerged as the most negative predictor and openness to change as the most positive predictor of migratory intention. Conclusion. The main conclusion is that migratory intention is a multivariate phenomenon in which psychological factors play an important role.
Escopo. Estudar a relação entre variáveis psicossociais satisfação com a vida, importância do vínculo familiar, identidade nacional, importância do dinheiro e apertura para as mudanças com a intenção migratória externa de colombianos residentes em vários municípios do Valle del Cauca para identificar quais são as maiores preditoras da intenção migratória. Metodologia. Estudo empírico com metodologia quantitativa-correlacional e intenção preditiva, com 969 participantes selecionados de forma não probabilística mediante a técnica de "bola de neve", na que contatos pessoais e institucionais iniciais dirigiram ao resto. Resultados. Os resultados indicaram que uma porcentagem significativa dos participantes manifestaram uma intenção de emigrar e mostraram uma relação negativa e significativa das variáveis satisfação com a vida, importância do vínculo familiar e identidade nacional com a intenção, e uma relação positiva e significativa das variáveis apertura para a mudança e importância do dinheiro com a mesma intenção migratória. A identidade nacional emergiu como o maior preditor negativo e a apertura para a mudança como o maior preditor positivo da intenção migratória. Conclusão. A intenção migratória é um fenómeno multivariado no que os fatores psicológicos têm um papel importante.
Assuntos
IntençãoRESUMO
Forest structure determines light availability for understorey plants. The structure of lowland Amazonian forests is known to vary over long edaphic gradients, but whether more subtle edaphic variation also affects forest structure has not beenresolved. In western Amazonia, the majority of non-flooded forests grow on soils derived either from relatively fertile sediments of the Pebas Formation or from poorer sediments of the Nauta Formation. The objective of this study was to compare structure and light availability in the understorey of forests growing on these two geological formations. We measured canopy openness and tree stem densities in three size classes in northeastern Peru in a total of 275 study points in old-growth terra firme forests representing the two geological formations. We also documented variation in floristic composition (ferns, lycophytes and the palm Iriartea deltoidea) and used Landsat TM satellite image information to model the forest structural and floristic features over a larger area. The floristic compositions of forests on the two formations were clearly different, and this could also be modelled with the satellite imagery. In contrast, the field observations of forest structure gave only a weak indication that forests on the Nauta Formation might be denser than those on the Pebas Formation. The modelling of forest structural features with satellite imagery did not support this result. Our results indicate that the structure of forest understorey varies much less than floristic composition does over the studied edaphic difference.(AU)
A estrutura florestal determina a disponibilidade de luz para plantas do subosque. Nas planícies Amazônicas, a estrutura florestal varia com fortes gradientes edáficos. O possível efeito de variações edáficas mais sutis sob a estrutura das florestas não está resolvido. Na Amazônia ocidental, a maioria das florestas não-inundadas crescem em solos derivados de sedimentos relativamente férteis da Formação Pebas ou de sedimentos mais pobres da Formação Nauta. Nosso objetivo é comparar a disponilidade de luz e a estrutura do subosque de florestas crescendo sobre duas formações geológicas. Nós medimos a abertura do dossel e a densidade de troncos de árvores em três classes de diâmetro no nordeste Peruano, totalizando 275 pontos de estudo em florestas de terra-firme representando as duas formações geológicas. Além disso, documentamos as variações na composição florística (samambaias, licófitas e a palmeira Iriartea deltoidea) e utilizamos informações de imagens de satélite Landsat TM para modelar as características estruturais e florísticas das florestas em uma área mais ampla. A composição florística sobre as duas formações foram claramente distintas e isso também pôde ser modelado com as imagens de satélite. Já as observações de campo sobre a estrutura da floresta deram uma fraca indicação de que as florestas sobre a Formação Nauta poderiam ser mais densas do que as florestas sobre a Formação Pebas. A modelagem das caraterísticas da estrutura florestal com imagens de satélite não deram o mesmo resultado. Nossos resultados indicam que a estrutura do subosque varia muito menos do que composição florística no gradiente edáfico estudado.(AU)
Assuntos
Luz Solar , Florestas , TraqueófitasRESUMO
Forest structure determines light availability for understorey plants. The structure of lowland Amazonian forests is known to vary over long edaphic gradients, but whether more subtle edaphic variation also affects forest structure has not beenresolved. In western Amazonia, the majority of non-flooded forests grow on soils derived either from relatively fertile sediments of the Pebas Formation or from poorer sediments of the Nauta Formation. The objective of this study was to compare structure and light availability in the understorey of forests growing on these two geological formations. We measured canopy openness and tree stem densities in three size classes in northeastern Peru in a total of 275 study points in old-growth terra firme forests representing the two geological formations. We also documented variation in floristic composition (ferns, lycophytes and the palm Iriartea deltoidea) and used Landsat TM satellite image information to model the forest structural and floristic features over a larger area. The floristic compositions of forests on the two formations were clearly different, and this could also be modelled with the satellite imagery. In contrast, the field observations of forest structure gave only a weak indication that forests on the Nauta Formation might be denser than those on the Pebas Formation. The modelling of forest structural features with satellite imagery did not support this result. Our results indicate that the structure of forest understorey varies much less than floristic composition does over the studied edaphic difference.
A estrutura florestal determina a disponibilidade de luz para plantas do subosque. Nas planícies Amazônicas, a estrutura florestal varia com fortes gradientes edáficos. O possível efeito de variações edáficas mais sutis sob a estrutura das florestas não está resolvido. Na Amazônia ocidental, a maioria das florestas não-inundadas crescem em solos derivados de sedimentos relativamente férteis da Formação Pebas ou de sedimentos mais pobres da Formação Nauta. Nosso objetivo é comparar a disponilidade de luz e a estrutura do subosque de florestas crescendo sobre duas formações geológicas. Nós medimos a abertura do dossel e a densidade de troncos de árvores em três classes de diâmetro no nordeste Peruano, totalizando 275 pontos de estudo em florestas de terra-firme representando as duas formações geológicas. Além disso, documentamos as variações na composição florística (samambaias, licófitas e a palmeira Iriartea deltoidea) e utilizamos informações de imagens de satélite Landsat TM para modelar as características estruturais e florísticas das florestas em uma área mais ampla. A composição florística sobre as duas formações foram claramente distintas e isso também pôde ser modelado com as imagens de satélite. Já as observações de campo sobre a estrutura da floresta deram uma fraca indicação de que as florestas sobre a Formação Nauta poderiam ser mais densas do que as florestas sobre a Formação Pebas. A modelagem das caraterísticas da estrutura florestal com imagens de satélite não deram o mesmo resultado. Nossos resultados indicam que a estrutura do subosque varia muito menos do que composição florística no gradiente edáfico estudado.