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INTRODUCTION: Suicide has been described in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Some promising medications for treating Alzheimer's disease have had their studies suspended because they increase the risk of suicide. Understanding the correlations between suicide and Alzheimer's disease is essential in an aging world. METHODS: A search was carried out on electronic websites (PubMed and Scielo) using the MeSH Terms "suicide" and "Alzheimer" (1986-2023). Of a total of 115 articles, 26 were included in this review. RESULTS: Depression and the allele ε4 of Apolipoprotein (APOE4) were demonstrated to be the main risk factors for suicide in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION: Adequately delineating which elderly people are vulnerable to suicide is important so that new treatments for Alzheimer's disease can be successful. This review showed a need for new studies to investigate the interface between Alzheimer's disease and suicide.

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Aging may increase the risk of maxillofacial and dentoalveolar trauma (MDT). This review assessed global trends in scientific publications on MDT in the elderly. Six databases were searched. Studies about MDT in the elderly (≥60 years old) were included in two text mining stages (S1 and S2). In S1, all studies with elderly subjects were included, while in S2 only studies in which the elderly were assessed in a separate set of data or in a subanalysis by age groups were included. In S1, relevant data were mined using VantagePoint™ software. In S2, data were descriptively analyzed. There were 2265 studies at S1 and 110 at S2. The publication dates spanned from 1963 to 2023. In S1, the most cited keywords and terms were aged (n = 1872), male (n = 1839), female (n = 1777), "mandible fracture" (n = 460), "orbit fracture" (n = 362), and "maxilla fracture" (n = 118). Thirty authors published 10 or more articles with visible collaboration networks. There was a progressive increase in publications, especially in Europe (n = 150). In S2, most studies were case reports/case series (n = 62). The primary etiology was accidental falls (n = 84), the most affected region was the middle third of the face (n = 65), and dental trauma was rarely reported (n = 15). Cone Beam computed tomography was the most used diagnostic tool (n = 67). Of the 81 articles that addressed therapy, 52 opted for surgical treatment. Although there has been an increase in the number of articles on MDT over the years, studies with the elderly population as a specific study group are still needed. Accidental falls were the most reported etiology, while the middle third of the face and the mandible were the anatomic region and bone most affected, respectively. The high number of case reports indicates the need for improvement in the available scientific evidence about MDT in the elderly.

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Objetivo: desvelar os conceitos e percepções da sexualidade de mulheres idosas e os impactos em suas vidas. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, com onze entrevistadas, mulheres entre 60 e 80 anos de idade, usuárias de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, localizada no noroeste do Paraná. Resultados: observou-se que as mulheres idosas, em sua maioria, relacionam a sexualidade ao ato sexual e, consequentemente, depende de seu parceiro e percebem o ato como algo exclusivo do casamento e que depende do marido para acontecer. Conclusão: conclui-se que a sexualidade, apesar do conceito ter relação direta com o ato sexual, podem produzir influência em sua autoestima, na dinâmica familiar e busca pela assistência de saúde.

Objective: to reveal the concepts and perceptions of elderly women's sexuality and the impacts on their lives. Method: this is an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study, with eleven interviewees, women between 60 and 80 years of age, users of a Basic Health Unit, located in the northwest of Paraná. Results: it was observed that the majority of elderly women relate sexuality to the sexual act and, consequently, depend on their partner and perceive the act as something exclusive to marriage and that it depends on the husband to happen. Conclusion: It is concluded that sexuality, despite the concept having a direct relationship with the sexual act, can influence self-esteem, family dynamics and the search for health care.

Objetivos: revelar los conceptos y percepciones sobre la sexualidad de las mujeres mayores y los impactos en sus vidas. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo, con once entrevistadas, mujeres entre 60 y 80 años, usuarias de una Unidad Básica de Salud, ubicada en el noroeste de Paraná. Resultados: se observó que la mayoría de las mujeres mayores relacionan la sexualidad con el acto sexual y, en consecuencia, dependen de su pareja y perciben el acto como algo exclusivo del matrimonio y que depende del marido para realizarse. Conclusión: se concluye que la sexualidad, apesar de que el concepto tiene relación directa con el acto sexual, puede influir en la autoestima, la dinámica familiar y la búsqueda de atención de salud.

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O objetivo foi investigar as experiências de lazer ofertadas às pessoas idosas nos projetos e programas existentes nas universidades públicas brasileiras. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva. O universo do estudo foi composto por 113 universidades públicas brasileiras, os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento online com uma amostra de 54 coordenadores. Os programas e projetos ofertam atividades de lazer de acordo com as condições de espaço, material e pessoal. Nem todas as regiões possuem programas bem estruturados. Há carência de recursos, materiais em boa parte deles; faltam estruturas construídas e locais para a realização das atividades. A oferta de atividades de lazer para pessoas idosas nas universidades públicas brasileiras ainda é um campo em expansão. A maior parte dos programas surge por meio da extensão universitária e tem sido ela, uma das mantenedoras da continuidade dos mesmos.

The objective was to investigate the experienses of leisure practices offered to the elderly in existing projects and programs in Brazilian public universities. An exploratory and descriptive research was carried out. The study universe consisted of 113 Brazilian public universities, data were collected through an online instrument with a sample of 54 coordinators. The programs and projects offer leisure activities according to the conditions of space, material and personnel. Not all regions have wellstructured programs. There is a lack of resources, materials in most of them; there is a lack of built structures and places to carry out activities. The provision of leisure activities for the elderly in Brazilian public universities is still an expanding field. Most of the programs arise through university extension and it has been one of the maintainers of their continuity.

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) variants are associated with higher atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD) even when compared with other forms of severe hypercholesterolemia, especially in young people. Lipid lowering therapies (LLT) may change hypercholesterolemia natural history. This study aimed at evaluating factors associated with occurrence of ASCVD in old severe hypercholesterolemics diagnosed or not with FH and undergoing LLT. METHODS: Hypercholesterolemic individuals ≥60 years participating on a genetic cascade screening for FH were divided in 4 groups (2 × 2) according to the presence (variant+) or not (variant-) of FH genetic variants and previous ASCVD (ASCVD+ and ASCVD-). Biomarkers associated with new incident ASCVD events were tested using Cox models. Continuous data shown as medians (%25; %75). RESULTS: From 4,111 genotyped individuals, 377 (9.1%) were elderly [age 66 (63; 71) years], 28.9% males, 42.7% variant+, 32.1% with previous ASCVD, LLT duration 9 (5; 16) years, and on treatment LDL-cholesterol 144 (109; 200) mg/dL. After 4.8 (7; 3) years of follow up there were 47 incident events (12.4%, 2.7% patient/year). The annualized event rates were 0.8% (95% CI 0.36%; 1.70%), 2.3% (95% CI 1.3%; 4.1%), 5.2% (95% CI 2.8%; 9.7%) and 6.3% (95% CI 4.0%; 10.0%) respectively for groups variant-/ASCVD-, variant+/ASCVD-, variant-/ASCVD+ and, variant+/ASCVD+ (p log rank p < 0.001). Only presence of previous ASCVD was independently associated with incident ASCVD [hazard ratio 3.236 (95%CI 1.497-6.993, p = 0.003)]. No interaction was found for previous ASCVD and variants. CONCLUSIONS: In old severe hypercholesterolemic individuals undergoing long-term LLT previous ASCVD was associated with incident events while FH causing variants were not.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop and test a board game for fall prevention in older adults in the community. Methods: a descriptive study, carried out through the use of game design elements (narrative, mechanics, aesthetics and technology), the Health Promotion Model, assessment by experts and testing with older adults. For assessment, the Concordance Index was used, considering it greater than 80%. Results: three prototypes and the final version were developed. The game's narrative was based on promotion model, comprising individual aspects, benefits and barriers in behavior to prevent falls. The mechanics outlined goals and rules. Aesthetics encompassed layout and illustrations. The technology involved board, cards, pin, roulette and instruction manual. The game was assessed by 36 experts and 31 older women from the community, with a Concordance Index of 93.22% and 99%, respectively. Conclusions: the game developed and tested was considered an adequate educational strategy for fall prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar y probar un juego de mesa para la prevención de caídas en ancianos de la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, realizado mediante el uso de elementos de diseño de juegos (narrativa, mecánica, estética y tecnología), el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud, evaluación por expertos y testeo con ancianos. Para la evaluación se utilizó el Índice de Concordancia, considerándose mayor al 80%. Resultados: se desarrollaron tres prototipos y la versión final. La narrativa del juego se basó en el modelo de promoción, que comprende aspectos individuales, beneficios y barreras en el comportamiento para prevenir caídas. La mecánica delineó objetivos y reglas. La estética abarcó el diseño y las ilustraciones. La tecnología involucró tablero, cartas, pin, ruleta y manual de instrucciones. El juego fue evaluado por 36 expertos y 31 ancianas de la comunidad, con un Índice de Concordancia de 93,22% y 99%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: el juego desarrollado y probado fue considerado una estrategia educativa adecuada para la prevención de caídas.

RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver e testar um jogo de tabuleiro para prevenção de quedas em idosos da comunidade. Métodos: estudo descritivo, realizado através da utilização dos elementos do design de jogos (narrativa, mecânica, estética e tecnologia), do Modelo de Promoção da Saúde, da avaliação por especialistas e testagem com pessoas idosas. Para avaliação, utilizou-se o Índice de Concordância, considerando-o maior que 80%. Resultados: desenvolveram-se três protótipos e a versão final. A narrativa do jogo foi embasada no modelo de promoção, compreendendo aspectos individuais, benefícios e barreiras no comportamento para prevenção de quedas. A mecânica delineou objetivos e regras. A estética abrangeu layout e ilustrações. A tecnologia envolveu tabuleiro, cartas, pino, roleta e manual de instrução. O jogo foi avaliado por 36 especialistas e 31 idosas da comunidade, com índice de concordância de 93,22% e 99%, respectivamente. Conclusões: o jogo desenvolvido e testado foi considerado uma estratégia educacional adequada para prevenção de quedas.

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Introducción: El envejecimiento en Cuba constituye un problema demográfico y, desde una perspectiva individual, generalmente se acompaña de enfermedades que deterioran la funcionalidad; esto condiciona la discapacidad en las personas mayores. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de discapacidad y las enfermedades que padecen los adultos mayores. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio piloto en 40 personas mayores del área de salud José Trujillo; del municipio Mariel. Se aplicó el instrumento WHODAS 2.0 para medir la discapacidad y se identificaron las enfermedades en las historias clínicas. Se resumió la información en porcentajes. Resultados: De las personas mayores estudiadas, 75 por ciento estaban discapacitadas con niveles entre ligero y moderado (27 y 25 por ciento respectivamente), con mayor frecuencia en mujeres y en edades avanzadas. Las dimensiones más afectadas fueron la comprensión y comunicación y la participación en sociedad. Las enfermedades principales fueron las cardiovasculares y las mentales (40 por ciento y 23,3 por ciento respectivamente). Conclusiones: La magnitud de la discapacidad fue importante en las personas estudiadas, las dimensiones más afectadas fueron la comprensión y comunicación, las actividades de la vida diaria y la participación en sociedad. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares fueron las más frecuentes, pero las enfermedades mentales fueron las que se relacionaron con niveles graves de discapacidad(AU)

Introduction: Aging in Cuba is a demographic problem and, from an individual perspective, it is generally accompanied by diseases that affect functionality. This brings about disability in older people. Objective: To identify the prevalence of disability and diseases suffered by older adults. Methods: A pilot study was carried out with forty elderly people from José Trujillo health area of ​​ Mariel Municipality. The WHODAS 2.0 instrument was applied to measure disability. Their diseases were identified in the medical records. Information was summarized in percentages. Results: Of the older people studied, 75 percent were disabled with levels between light and moderate (27 percent and 25 percent, respectively), with more frequency in women and in advanced ages. The most affected dimensions were understanding and communication, as well as participation in society. The main diseases were cardiovascular and mental (40 percent and 23.3 percent, respectively). Conclusions: The disability magnitude was important in the people studied. The most affected dimensions were understanding and communication, activities of daily living and participation in society. Cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent, but mental illnesses were those associated with severe levels of disability(AU)

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With the reduction of intergenerational temporal transfers, financial transfers from adult offspring to their elderly parents are prevailing in rural China. Although much has been done, little is known about the association between the expansion of intergenerational transfers and rural old peoples physical health in China. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders physical health in rural China. Using data collected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), panel data fixed effect model and threshold model are employed to estimate the impact of intergenerational financial transfers on the old peoples physical health in rural areas. Results showed that; although, the intergenerational financial transfers have a positive effect on the old peoples physical health, no linear relationship exists between them. Intergenerational financial transfers are clearly less effective for low-income old peoples physical health than those of middle-income, while the effect on high-income old peoples health is the most insignificant. Studies concerning the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders health in developing countries remain limited. Findings of this paper provided great insights into how intergenerational transfers, such as intergenerational financial transfers, may affect the well-beings of old residents in rural areas. Additionally, this study can offer inspiration to policy makers regarding what measures they should take to enhance rural old residents well-beings.(AU)

Com a redução de transferências temporais intergeracionais, as transferências financeiras da prole adulta a seus pais idosos estão prevalecendo em China rural. Embora muito tenha sido feito, pouco se sabe sobre a associação entre a expansão das transferências intergeracionais e a saúde física dos idosos rurais na China. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde física dos anciãos na China rural. Usando dados coletados do estudo longitudinal de saúde e aposentadoria da China (CHARLS), o modelo de efeito fixo de dados do painel e o modelo de limiar são empregados para estimar o impacto das transferências financeiras intergeracionais na saúde física dos idosos em áreas rurais. Os resultados mostram que, embora as transferências financeiras intergeracionais tenham um efeito positivo na saúde física dos idosos, não existe relação linear entre eles. As transferências financeiras intergeracionais são claramente menos eficazes para a saúde física de idosos de baixa renda do que as de renda média, enquanto o efeito sobre a saúde de idosos de alta renda é o mais insignificante. Os estudos sobre o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde dos anciãos nos países em desenvolvimento permanecem limitados. Os achados deste artigo fornecem grandes insights sobre como as transferências intergeracionais, e as transferências financeiras intergeracionais podem afetar o bem-estar de idosos residentes em áreas rurais. Além disso, este estudo pode oferecer inspiração para os decisores políticos sobre as medidas que devem tomar para melhorar o bem-estar dos residentes rurais.(AU)

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Resumen: El artículo analiza los usos de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y el desarrollo de competencias digitales en adultos mayores en el contexto de la implementación de una política pública de acceso. Se analiza una encuesta para conocer los usos y los factores que lo determinan, aplicando técnicas de análisis multivariado. El análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas semiestructuradas permite conocer el proceso y factores de adquisición de los distintos niveles de competencia digital. Se concluye que el acceso a Internet en el hogar, el uso previo de TIC y la capacitación son tres factores que contribuyen al uso por parte de las personas mayores y que están en condiciones de desarrollar competencias digitales complejas. Quienes tienen una visión más crítica sobre las tecnologías son las que logran mejor nivel de competencia digital. Finalmente, las competencias digitales se desarrollan en forma distinta que en otros sectores de la población y de no ser por la política pública implementada, seguirían en situación de exclusión.

Abstract: We analyse in this article the uses of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the development of digital skills in older persons in the context of the implementation of a public policy of ICT access. A survey is analysed to know the uses and the factors that determine it by applying multivariate analysis techniques. The qualitative analysis of the semi-structured interviews allows knowing the process and acquisition factors of the different levels of digital competence. We conclude that Internet access in the household and previous use of ICT and training, are three factors that contribute to the use and the development of complex digital skills by older persons. Digital skills are developed differently than in other sectors of the population. In addition, those who have a more critical vision about technologies are those who achieve a better level of digital competence. We also conclude that the implementation of this policy, initiates a process of digital inclusion of persons that would be excluded if not.

Resumo: O artigo analisa os usos das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TIC) e o desenvolvimento de habilidades digitais em idosos no contexto da implementação de uma política de acesso público. Um questionário é analisado para conhecer os usos e os fatores que o determinam aplicando técnicas de análise multivariada. A análise qualitativa das entrevistas semiestruturadas permite conhecer os fatores do processo e aquisição dos diferentes níveis de competência digital. Conclui-se que o acesso à Internet em casa, o uso prévio de TIC e treinamento são três fatores que contribuem para o uso e que os idosos são capazes de desenvolver habilidades digitais complexas. As habilidades digitais são desenvolvidas diferentemente de outros setores da população. Conclui-se que aqueles que têm uma visão mais crítica sobre as tecnologias são aqueles que alcançam um melhor nível de competência digital. Finalmente, e um processo de inclusão digital de setores que, se não fosse por esta política, permaneceriam em situação de exclusão.

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ABSTRACT: With the reduction of intergenerational temporal transfers, financial transfers from adult offspring to their elderly parents are prevailing in rural China. Although much has been done, little is known about the association between the expansion of intergenerational transfers and rural old people's physical health in China. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders' physical health in rural China. Using data collected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), panel data fixed effect model and threshold model are employed to estimate the impact of intergenerational financial transfers on the old people's physical health in rural areas. Results showed that; although, the intergenerational financial transfers have a positive effect on the old people's physical health, no linear relationship exists between them. Intergenerational financial transfers are clearly less effective for low-income old people's physical health than those of middle-income, while the effect on high-income old people's health is the most insignificant. Studies concerning the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders' health in developing countries remain limited. Findings of this paper provided great insights into how intergenerational transfers, such as intergenerational financial transfers, may affect the well-beings of old residents in rural areas. Additionally, this study can offer inspiration to policy makers regarding what measures they should take to enhance rural old residents' well-beings.

RESUMO: Com a redução de transferências temporais intergeracionais, as transferências financeiras da prole adulta a seus pais idosos estão prevalecendo em China rural. Embora muito tenha sido feito, pouco se sabe sobre a associação entre a expansão das transferências intergeracionais e a saúde física dos idosos rurais na China. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde física dos anciãos na China rural. Usando dados coletados do estudo longitudinal de saúde e aposentadoria da China (CHARLS), o modelo de efeito fixo de dados do painel e o modelo de limiar são empregados para estimar o impacto das transferências financeiras intergeracionais na saúde física dos idosos em áreas rurais. Os resultados mostram que, embora as transferências financeiras intergeracionais tenham um efeito positivo na saúde física dos idosos, não existe relação linear entre eles. As transferências financeiras intergeracionais são claramente menos eficazes para a saúde física de idosos de baixa renda do que as de renda média, enquanto o efeito sobre a saúde de idosos de alta renda é o mais insignificante. Os estudos sobre o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde dos anciãos nos países em desenvolvimento permanecem limitados. Os achados deste artigo fornecem grandes insights sobre como as transferências intergeracionais, e as transferências financeiras intergeracionais podem afetar o bem-estar de idosos residentes em áreas rurais. Além disso, este estudo pode oferecer inspiração para os decisores políticos sobre as medidas que devem tomar para melhorar o bem-estar dos residentes rurais.

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Introducción: las mordeduras constituyen un relevante problema de salud, con amplio espectro clínico, pudiendo causar la muerte. Existe escasa información del tema en personas mayores (PM). Método: análisis de base de datos realizada a partir de formularios de notificación de mordeduras de centros de salud y de Protocolos de Denuncia de Animal Mordedor en la provincia de Los Andes, Chile. Objetivo: caracterizar epidemiológicamente las mordeduras en personas mayores ocurridas en la provincia de Los Andes, V región,(2005-2007). Resultados: de los 2358 casos de mordeduras notificados, 234 casos ocurrieron en PM (9,92 por ciento del total de casos), con un promedio de edad de 70,09 ± 7,896 años (rango = 60-95 años). La tasa de mordeduras para PM fue de 657,1 por 100000 hbtes (2005), 745,8 por 100000 hbtes (2006) y 627,6 por 100000 hbtes (2007). De éstos, la mayoría se produjo en el sexo femenino (56,8 por ciento) (p 0,016). El animal mordedor más frecuente fue el perro (75,6 por ciento) en ambos sexos. La complicación más frecuente fue la herida (74,4 por ciento), seguida por enfermedad por arañazo de gato (2,1 por ciento) y fractura (1,3 por ciento). Hubo 1 caso de artritis y 1 de celulitis por mordedura de araña. Conclusiones: las mordeduras en personas mayores son causa de morbilidad importante. Es relevante mejorar los sistemas de registro y vigilancia, y las medidas de educación en la tenencia responsable de animales para lograr una disminución de casos. Se requieren más estudios para determinar otras complicaciones y consecuencias de mordeduras en PM no visualizadas en este estudio.(AU)

Introduction: bites are a relevant health problem, with a varied clinical spectrum, which can cause death. There is limited information about bites in old people (OP). Methods: database analysis made with bites notification forms by health centers and Animal Bites Reporting Protocols in the province of Los Andes, Chile. Objective: typify bites epidemiologically in old people in the province of Los Andes, V region (2005 to 2007). Objective: typify bites epidemiologically in elderly people in the province of Los Andes, V region (2005 to 2007). Results: 234 out of 2358 cases of reported bites occurred in OP (9.92 percent of all cases), with an average age of 70.09 ± 7.896 years (range = 60-95 years). The bite rate for OP was 657.1 per 100000 inhabitants (2005), 745.8 per 100000 inhabitants (2006) and 627.6 per 100000 inhabitants (2007). Of these, most of them occurred in females (56.8 percent) (p 0.016). The most frequent biting animal was the dog in both genders (75.6 percent). The most frequent complication was injury (74.4 percent), followed by cat scratch disease (2.1 percent) and fracture (1.3 percent). There was 1 case of arthritis and 1 case of cellulitis due to spider bite. The most frequent complication was the wound (74.4 percent), followed by cat's scratch disease (2.1 percent) and fracture (1.3 ). There was 1 case of arthritis and 1 case of cellulitis due to spider bite. Conclusions: bites in old people are a cause of relevant morbidity. It is relevant to improve the registration and surveillance systems, and the education measures in responsible animal tenure to achieve a reduction of of cases. More studies are required to determine other complications and consequences of bites in OP not visualized in this study.(AU)

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Analisar as situações de violência estrutural vivenciadas pelas pessoas idosas em situação de rua foi o objetivo deste estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e qualitativo, que utiliza a análise textual discursiva de Roque Moraes. A amostra foi constituída por 4 mulheres e 15 homens idosos em situação de rua, de Porto Alegre, RS. As situações de violência estrutural descritas foram a fome, o frio, a falta de acesso ao estudo e ao trabalho, dentre outros. Promover acesso aos direitos fundamentais é imprescindível a esta população.

The aim of this observational, transversal, descriptive and qualitative study, which uses Roque Moraes' discursive textual analysis, is to analyze the situations of structural violence experienced by the elderly in a street situation. The sample consisted of 4 women and 15 elderly men in a street situation, in Porto Alegre, RS. The situations of structural violence described were hunger, cold, lack of access to study and work, among others. Promoting access to fundamental rights is essential for this population.

El objetivo de este estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y cualitativo, que utiliza el análisis textual discursivo de Roque Moraes, fue analizar las situaciones de violencia estructural experimentadas por los ancianos sin hogar. La muestra consistió en 4 mujeres y 15 hombres sin hogar de edad avanzada, de Porto Alegre, RS. Las situaciones de violencia estructural descritas fueron hambre, frío, falta de acceso al estudio y al trabajo, entre otras. Promover el acceso a los derechos fundamentales es esencial para esta población. Palabras clave: Ancianos callejeros; Violencia estructural; Condiciones de vida.

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The present study evaluated the effect of a 20-week concurrent training program on bone metabolism in elderly women. The sample consisted of 51 elderly women living in the municipality of Muriaé (MG), distributed into two groups: a concurrent training group (CTG = 25), with an average age of 69.44 ± 6.82 years, and a control group (CG = 26), with mean age of 68.30 ± 6.34 years. Biophysical parameters were determined based on weight, height and body mass index. Bone metabolism was assessed by collecting second-morning urine samples before and after intervention to analyze levels of the biochemical marker deoxypyridinoline (DPD), which quantifies bone resorption. Results: The results showed a post-intervention decline in DPD content in the GTC when compared to controls (p = 0.007) and an improvement in the variables weight, BMI and DPD between the GTC and GC (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Concurrent training was efficient in improving bone metabolism in the elderly population studied.

El presente estudio evaluó los efectos de 20 semanas de entrenamiento concurrente sobre el metabolismo óseo de adultas mayores. La muestra fue compuesta por 51 mujeres adultas mayores, residentes en el municipio de Muriaé (MG), voluntarias, distribuidas en dos grupos, un grupo participó en entrenamiento concurrente (GTC=25), con una edad media de 69,44±6,82 años y un grupo control (GC=26) con una media de 68,30±6,34 años. Los parámetros biofísicos se determinaron por medio del peso corporal, la estatura e índice de masa corporal. Para la evaluación del metabolismo óseo, se realizó la recolección de la orina matinal en el pre y post-test, utilizando como reactivo el marcador bioquímico de deoxipiridinolina (DPD) que cuantifica la reabsorción ósea. Los resultados mostraron una reducción en la concentración de DPD en el GTC cuando se compararon los grupos (p = 0,007) y la mejora de las variables, peso corporal, IMC y DPD entre el GTC y el GC en el post-test (p = 0,000). Se percibe que el entrenamiento concurrente, para las mujeres adultas mayores fue eficiente en la mejoría de las condiciones de salud del metabolismo óseo.

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Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de apnea hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es un trastorno del dormir que se caracteriza por obstrucción de la vía aérea durante el sueño. Los factores de riesgo más importantes para este trastorno son la obesidad y la edad. La obstrucción de la vía aérea ocasiona síntomas como ronquido de gran intensidad, pausas en la respiración o sensación de ahogamiento durante el sueño. Por otra parte, se ha descrito en la literatura que el uso de benzodiacepinas empeora el ronquido y las pausas en la respiración, por lo que podría incrementar la duración y severidad del SAHOS. Reporte del caso: Mujer de 74 años de edad que acude a consulta a la Clínica de Sueño de la UNAM por sintomatología anímica, y al interrogarla sobre otros trastornos del dormir refiere ronquido intenso, interrumpido por períodos de silencio y pausas en la respiración, por lo que se le realizó polisomnografía nocturna dividida que arrojó el resultado de SAHOS grave. Discusión: El consumo de benzodiacepinas es muy frecuente en los adultos mayores. En este caso, la paciente llevaba ingiriendo 1.5 mg/día de clonazepam durante 8 años, por lo que podría haber empeorado el SAHOS. Conclusiones: La paciente tenía factores de riesgo para desarrollar el SAHOS. Es necesario estudiar más la asociación entre las benzodiacepinas y el empeoramiento del SAHOS.

Abstract Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is caused by an obstruction in the upper airway during sleep. Obesity and advanced age are main risk factors for OSAHS. The classic symptoms of OSAHS include snoring, apneas and choking during sleep. On the other hand, some scientific literature describes that the consumption of benzodiazepines may worsen the snoring and the severity and duration of OSAHS. Case report: A 74-year-old female reported on her appointment to have mood alterations. When asked about other sleep disorders, she said that she snored loudly, with pauses on her breathing. Therefore, a split night polysomnography was performed which revealed a diagnosis of severe OSAHS. Discussion: Old people are frequent consumers of benzodiazepines. The woman of this study had been taking 1.5 mg of clonazepam per day for the last eight years. This may have worsened the OSAHS. Conclusion: The patient presented risk factors that could lead to OSAHS. It is important to study the relationship between benzodiazepines and the severity of OSAHS.

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Na contemporaneidade, os mais diferentes discursos sobre uma vida saudável, que prometem felicidade e bem-estar, mas também prescrevem condutas, modos de ser e de viver, são produzidos por especialistas em saúde e veiculados pela mídia. Nesses discursos a velhice é sinônima de doença, e a juventude, de saúde. Cada vez mais, são produzidos discursos que prometem uma velhice sem as marcas que lhe são próprias. Neste artigo, fruto de uma pesquisa mais ampla, apresentamos algumas definições sobre a velhice construídas em discursos de idosos, praticantes e não praticantes de atividades físicas, da cidade de Campina Grande ­ PB. Foram entrevistados cinco homens e nove mulheres, com idades que variaram entre 62 a 88 anos. As entrevistas foram submetidas à Análise de Discurso. Os relatos constroem uma imagem da velhice que contraria a tradicional, segundo a qual os idosos são fracos, impotentes e não têm projetos para o futuro. A velhice, neles, assemelha-se muito à "identidade terceira idade", cada vez mais presente na sociedade e na mídia, uma imagem na qual essa fase da vida aparece como a "melhor idade", um período do ciclo vital pleno de possibilidades. (AU)

There is a great variety of discourses about a healthy way of life today, and they all promise happiness and well-being, besides prescribing behaviors, ways of being and living. They are produced by health specialists and are conveyed by the media. In these discourses old age is synonymous with illness whereas youth is synonymous with health. As a result, new discourses are increasingly produced, promising an old age devoid of its characteristic signs. In this article, the result of a broader research, we will use definitions of old age constructed by discourses of aged people themselves, who either practice or practice physical exercises or not, in the city of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba. We interviewed five men and nine women and their ages varied between 62 and 88 years old. These interviews were analyzed according to the principles of Discourse Analysis. These reports construct an image of old age that contradicts the traditional view of it, according to which aged people are weak, impotent and lack projects for the future. For them, old age closely resembles "the identity of the elderly" increasingly present in society and in the media, an image in which this life stage appears as "the best years" a period in the vital cycle full of possibilities. (AU)

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El trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamentar teórica y metodológicamentela educación del adulto mayor en el contexto de la educación permanente. Para ello, se describe conceptualmente el carácter de la educación a lo largo de la vida, su integración a la existencia humana. Los métodos del nivel teórico empleados fueron el análisis y síntesis para la construcción del marco teórico-metodológico. Quedan argumentados tres modelos pedagógicos necesarios por su importancia en el estudio desarrollado. La educación del adulto mayor se inscribe en el proceso íntegro de educación permanente, al proveer conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes valiosas para el crecimiento personal como respuesta a la dinámica de los cambios científicos, tecnológicos y sociales.

The objective of the paper is to provide a theoretical and methodological basis on old people's education in the context of permanent education. To that end, the character of education throughout life and its integration to human existence is described. Theoretical level methods such as analysis and synthesis were used in order to construct the theoretical-methodological framework. Three pedagogical models, which are necessary because of their importance for the study, are argued. Old people's education forms part of the whole permanent education process, as it provides knowledge, skills and valuable attitudes towards personal growth as an answer to scientific, technological and social changes dynamics.

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Introducción: La fractura de cadera es una de las principales causas de ingreso en ancianos y la misma está asociada a varios factores de riesgo.Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la fractura de cadera en pacientes mayores de 65 años en el Hospital Dr. Salvador Allende. Método: Se realizó, en el 2013, un estudio epidemiológico observacional analítico de casos y controles. Los casos fueron los pacientes con fractura de cadera. Se consideraron variables demográficas y clínicas seleccionadas. Se emplearon métodos estadísticos descriptivos y la razón de ventajas para estimar el riesgo así como regresión logística para valorar los factores de confusión. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 196 casos y 392 controles. Las variables asociadas con fractura de cadera fueron: edad (OR: 1,9; IC 95 por ciento: 1,3-2,9; p= 0,001); color de la piel (OR: 4,2; IC 95 por ciento: 2,3 - 7,6; p= 0,000); APP de: fractura de cadera (OR: 4,1; IC 95 por ciento: 1,5- 11.1; p= 0,005); de caídas (OR: 2,2; IC 95 por ciento: 1,1 - 4,3; p= 0,020); de HTA (OR: 2,6; IC 95 por ciento: 1,7 - 4,1; p= 0,000); consumo actual de: antihipertensivos (OR: 4,4; IC 95 por ciento: 1,5 - 12,8; p= 0,007), y antianginosos (OR: 0,1; IC 95 por cientro: 0,1 - 0,9; p= 0,027). Conclusiones: La edad, el color de la piel, los antecedentes de fractura de cadera, de caídas, de hipertensión arterial y el consumo actual de antihipertensivos son las variables que se asociaron con riesgo aumentado de fracturas. El consumo de antianginosos se comportó como factor protector(AU)

Introduction: Hip fracture is one of the main causes of hospitalization in the elderly and is associated to several risk factors. Objective: To determine the factors associated to hip fractures in patients aged over 65 years in Dr Salvador Allende hospital. Methods: A case-control, analytical, observational and epidemiological study was carried out in 2013 in patients with hip fracture. Selected demographic and clinical variables were taken into consideration. Summary statistical methods and odds ratio were used to estimate risk, and the logistic regression to assess the confounding factors. Results: The study included 196 cases and 392 controls. The variables associated to hip fracture were age OR: 1.9; 95 percent CI: 1.3-2.9; p= 0.001); race (OR: 4,2; 95 percent CI: 2.3-7.6; p= 0.000); APP of hip fracture (OR: 4.1; IC 95 percent: 1.5-11.1; p= 0.005) of falls (OR: 2.2; 95 percent CI: 1.1-4.3; p= 0.020); blood hypertension (OR: 2.6; 95 percent CI: 1.7-4.1; p= 0.000); present consumption of antihypertensive drugs (OR: 4.4; 95 percent CI: 1.5-12.8; p= 0.007), and antiangina drugs (OR: 0.1; 95 percent CI: 0.1-0.9; p= 0.027). Conclusions: Age, race, history of hip fracture, falls, blood hypertension, and present consumption of antihypertensive drugs are the variables statistically associated to increased risk of hip fractures. The consumption of anti-angina drugs acts as protective factor(AU)

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O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre estudos acerca das relações sociais, cognição na doença de Alzheimer. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACs, BIREME e SCOPUS, utilizando os termos "Alzheimer" and "social relationships". O banco final incluído na análise foi composto por 15 artigos, publicados desde 2007. Foi constatada a necessidade de um incremento na realização de pesquisas que visem a compreender como o suporte social se desenvolve e é vivenciado por idosos no contexto brasileiro, sugerindo direções futuras para o desenvolvimento de estudos nessa área no país.

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review onstudies about social relationsas a predictor factor for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. A search was performed on the PubMed, LILACs, BIREME and SCOPUS databases using the terms "Alzheimer" and "social relations". The final bank included in the analysis of 15 articles, published since 2007. The researchers found indicated that having a good quality in the social relations are considered important to maintain the cognition preserved. In addition, it was that the necessity of an increment of researches that aim to understand how the social support develops and is experience by the elderly in the Brasilin context, suggesting futures directions for the development of studies in this area of the country.

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios sobre el relaciones sociales como predictor de deterioro cognitivo y enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, BIREME y Scopus utilizando los términos de "Alzheimer" y "relaciones sociales". La base de datos final incluidos en el análisis consistió en 15 artículos publicados desde 2007. La investigación encontró indicó que tener una buena calidad de las relaciones sociales se consideran importantes para el mantenimiento de la cognición conserva. Además, la necesidad de un aumento en la realización de la investigación dirigida a la comprensión de cómo el apoyo social fue encontrado desarrolla y es experimentado por las personas mayores en el contexto brasileño, lo que sugiere direcciones futuras para el desarrollo de los estudios en esta área en el país.

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O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade contemporânea, e a atenção aos idosos que vivem no meio rural é uma necessidade. O objetivo desta revisão integrativa é identificar a produção científica brasileira disponível na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde referente aos idosos que vivem no meio rural. A busca incluiu 16 artigos e, após análise, os resultados foram organizados em quatro categorias: perfil socioeconômico; qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional; acesso e uso dos serviços de saúde; e condições de saúde, enfermidades crônicas e fatores associados. Os estudos destacam as especificidades dos idosos quanto a fragilidades e potencialidades pela sua forma de vida, mas todos apontam para a necessidade de ações em saúde direcionadas para o envelhecimento saudável dos idosos no meio rural. (AU)

Population aging is a contemporary reality and attention to the health of older people, a necessity. The objective of the integrative review is identify the Brazilian scientific literature to seniors that live in rural areas. The search was made on the base of the Virtual Health Library which resulted in 16 articles. The results were organized into four categories for analysis: socioeconomic profile; life quality and functional capacity; access and use of health services; health situation, chronic diseases and associated factors. The studies highlight the specificities of the elderly as the weaknesses and potentials of their way of life, but all point to the need for health actions directed to the healthy aging of the elderly in rural areas. (AU)

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Fundamento: En el envejecimiento aumenta el riesgo de adquirir enfermedades e incapacidades, y con ello la necesidad de trazar metas para mejorar la salud del adulto mayor Objetivo: Determinar nivel de información sobre la salud bucal en los adultos mayores. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en una población constituida por 175 pacientes mayores de 60 años de ambos sexos que solicitaron atención estomatológica. Se describieron las variables: edad, sexo enfermedades bucales, factores de riesgo y nivel de información sobre salud bucodental. Resultados: Los entrevistados, en su mayoría, tenían entre 60 y 69 años, y predominaban ligeramente las mujeres, fue la caries dental la enfermedad bucal que más se diagnosticó, lo que coincide con el factor de riesgo biológico que más se encontró. La mayoría conocen las principales funciones de los dientes y dentro de las enfermedades bucales todos reconocen la caries dental, muy pocos reconocen la frecuencia en que debe ser el cepillado de dientes naturales y prótesis. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los entrevistados tienen un deficiente nivel de información en relación con la salud bucal.

Background: In the aging the risk of acquiring illnesses and inabilities increases and with it the necessity to trace goals to improve the health of the mature person Objective: to determine level of information about the buccal health in the mature persons. Methodology: It was carried out an observational, descriptive and traverse study in a population constituted by 175 patients older than 60 years old of both sexes that requested stomatological attention. The variables were described: age, sex buccal illnesses, factors of risk and level of information about buccaldental health. Results: The interviewers, in their majority, had between 60 and 69 years old, and prevailed lightly women; it was the dental cavity the buccal illness that was more diagnosed, what coincides with the factor of biological risk that was more found. Most knows the main functions of the teeth and inside the buccal illnesses all recognize the dental, very few recognize the frequency in which brushing of natural teeth and prosthesis should be done. Conclusions: Most of the interviewers have a faulty level of information in connection with the buccal health.

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