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INTRODUCTION: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a condition that alters patient quality of life, conditioning progressive malnutrition. However, self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) are palliative options in patients with unresectable disease. AIM: To characterize patients diagnosed with malignant gastric outlet obstruction requiring SEMS placement or SGJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential non-probability convenience sampling was conducted and included 68 patients, 40 of whom had SEMS placement and 28 of whom underwent SGJ. RESULTS: Patients sought medical consultations for the symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ninety-five percent of the patients in the SEMS group and 64.3% in the SGJ group presented with metastasis. Technical and clinical success, patency duration, and number of patients with no complications were greater in the SGJ group. Mean survival in days was 88 (SD ±â€¯21) in the SEMS group versus 501 (SD ±â€¯122) in the SGJ group. The log-rank test detected a statistically significant difference between subgroups (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: SGJ has greater technical and clinical success rates but SEMS placement continues to be utilized in distal gastric cancer, especially in cases in which surgery is not an option.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Malignant gastric outlet obstruction is a condition that alters patient quality of life, conditioning progressive malnutrition. However, self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ) are palliative options in patients with unresectable disease. AIMS: To characterize patients diagnosed with malignant gastric outlet obstruction requiring SEMS placement or SGJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sequential non-probability convenience sampling was conducted and included 68 patients, 40 of whom had SEMS placement and 28 of whom underwent SGJ. RESULTS: Patients sought medical consultations for the symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ninety-five percent of the patients in the SEMS group and 64.3% in the SGJ group presented with metastasis. Technical and clinical success, patency duration, and number of patients with no complications were greater in the SGJ group. Mean survival in days was 88 (SD ± 21) in the SEMS group versus 501 (SD ± 122) in the SGJ group. The log-rank test detected a statistically significant difference between subgroups (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: SGJ has greater technical and clinical success rates but SEMS placement continues to be utilized in distal gastric cancer, especially in cases in which surgery is not an option.

RESUMO

El uso de stents en todo el tracto gastrointestinal ha evolucionado a lo largo del siglo pasado. La evolución de la ecografía endoscópica y mejoras significativas en el diseño del stent son factores clave que han permitido a los endoscopistas impulsar el uso de stents en gastroenterología en nuevas direcciones. La creatividad endoscópica sigue siendo crucial en la evolución de cualquier tecnología nueva endoscópica. Por último, el uso de equipos multidisciplinarios, incluyendo a los endoscopistas, radiólogos y cirujanos, permite el intercambio de ideas y la planificación de los procedimientos necesarios para la innovación exitosa. Se revisan las indicaciones, los aspectos técnicos de su aplicación, la selección pertinente de los diferentes stents en las diferentes ubicaciones y el manejo de las complicaciones.

Over the past century the use of stents has evolved to the point where they are no used throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The evolution of endoscopic ultrasound and significant improvements in stent design have allowed endoscopists to drive the use of gastroenterological stents in new directions. Endoscopic creativity remains crucial for the evolution of new endoscopic technology. Finally, the use of multidisciplinary teams which include endoscopists, radiologists, and surgeons allows for the exchange of ideas and procedural planning necessary for successful innovation. This is a review of indications for stenting, technical aspects of implementation, appropriate stent selection for different locations and management of complications.

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