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La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado cambios en la salud de las personas. El objetivo fue analizar el estado nutricional y su relación con consumo alimentario, nivel de actividad física en tiempos de pandemia por COVID-19, en adultos que asistieron a centro de nutrición. Estudio analítico, transversal, muestra no probabilística, de 81 adultos de 20-61 años, considerando criterios de elegibilidad. La recolección de datos fue a través de cuestionario de consumo alimentario validado (IPAQ) y de actividad física (AF). El análisis estadístico utilizó STATA, versión 16.0. Para evaluar asociación de variables se utilizó pruebas de Chi-cuadrado o exacta de Fisher. La Población estuvo conformada por mujeres (76,6%), de 40-50 años (45,7%), educación universitaria (67,9%), residencia urbana (86,4%) y nivel de ingreso entre deciles 7 a 10 (90,1%). La ganancia de peso auto informada fue de 1 a 6 kilos. Predominó estado nutricional de malnutrición por exceso (86,4%). Los alimentos de mayor consumo fueron de los grupos de huevos y carnes (91,4%), papas, legumbres, frutas y verduras (82,7%), bebidas gaseosas, productos de pastelería, comida chatarra (82,2%). Se observó aumento en el consumo de alimentos después de la cena, en la compra por Delivery, y un nivel de AF bajo (40,7%). No se observó relación entre estado nutricional y consumo alimentario, tampoco con nivel de AF (p>0,05). Se concluye que no hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre estado nutricional con el consumo alimentario y tampoco con el nivel de AF (p>0,05), sin embargo, en los encuestados con malnutrición por exceso predominó un nivel de AF bajo o moderado.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has caused changes in people's health. The objective was to analyze the nutritional state and its connection with food consumption and level of physical activity in times of the COVID-19 Pandemic in adults who attend nutrition centers. this was an analytic and transverse study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 81 adults aged 20-61, considering eligibility criteria. Data were collected by an IPAQ and a validated food consumption questionnaire. STATA 16.0 version was used for the statistical analysis. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the association of variables. Mostly female population (76.6%) aged 40-50 (45.7%), university education (67.9%), urban residence (86.4%), and income level among the highest deciles 7 to 10 (90.1%). Weight gain self-informed from 1 to 6 kilograms. The nutritional state of malnutrition by excess was observed in 86.4%. The highest consumption foods belonged to the groups of eggs and meat (91.4%), potatoes, legumes, fruit and vegetables (82.7%), soda, pastry products, and junk food (82.2%). Food consumption after dinner and delivery food buying increased, and a low PA level (40.7%). No connection between nutritional state and food consumption was observed, nor with physical activity level (p>0.05). As a conclusion, there wasn't a statistically significant association between the nutritional state and the food consumption or physical activity level in the studied group (p>0.05). However, respondents with excess malnutrition had a predominantly low or moderate level of PA.

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O estudo de aspectos químicos e bioquímicos associados ao desenvolvimento das diferentes partesdas plantas permite a observação e o entendimento de uma série de reações que levam à produção de fitomassa e grãos pela cultura de milho. Assim, objetivou-se estudar a diferença na eficiência de uso do nitrogênio nas raízes e parte aérea em dois genótipos de milho, na fase inicial de crescimento das plantas e avaliar as respostas bioquímico-fisiológicas desses órgãos quando as plantas são submetidas a distintas doses de N em condições hidropônicas. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em solução nutritiva por20 dias, com dois genótipos (AS1522 e AS1596) submetidos a quatro concentrações de N (zero; 112; 224 e 448 mg dm-3). O delineamento utilizado foi em inteiramente casualizado com trêsrepetições. Houve diferença entre os genótipos estudados para as variáveis biométricas, massa de matéria seca, acúmulo de N e aminoácidos livres totais na parte aérea das plantas. Na raiz, a atividade da redutase do nitrato foi a variável que diferenciou a eficiência no uso do nitrogênio entre os genótipos. O genótipo AS1596 é mais eficiente no uso do nitrogênio.(AU)

The study of chemical and biochemical aspects associated with the development of different plant parts enables the assessment of a series of reactions leading to the production of biomass and grain culture. Thus, the objective of was to study the difference in nitrogen efficiency in roots and shoots of two corn genotypes in the initial stages of plants growth, and evaluate the biochemical and physiological responses of these organs, when plants are subjected to different doses of N, under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in nutrient solution for 20 days, with two genotypes(AS1522 and AS1596) subjected to four N concentrations (zero, 112, 224 and 448 mg dm-3). Completely randomized desing with three replications das apply. The major differences among genotypes for biometric variables, dry matter, Nac cumulation and free amino acids were observed in the shoots. At root, the activity of nitrate reductase activity was the variable that stood out and provided the largest differences between genotypes. The genotype AS1596 is more efficient in N utilization.(AU)

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The phase angle, an indicator of muscle mass status and membrane cell integrity, has been associated with low survival, poorer clinical outcomes, and worse quality of life among cancer patients, but information on women with uterine cervical cancer (UCCa) is scarce. In this prospective study, we used a bioelectrical impedance analyzer to obtain the PA of 65 women with UCCa. We compared the health-related quality of life and inflammatory and nutritional indicators between low PA and normal PA. The mean age was 52 ± 13. The low PA and normal PA groups differed in terms of the C-reactive protein (15.8 ± 19.6 versus 6.82 ± 5.02, p = 0.022), glucose (125.39 ± 88.19 versus 88.78 ± 23.08, p = 0.021), albumin (3.9 ± 0.39 versus 4.37 ± 0.30, p = 0.000), EORTC QLQ-C30 loss of appetite symptom scale score (33.33 (0.0-100.00) versus 0.0 (0.0-0.0), p = 0.005), and EORTC QLQ-CX24 menopausal symptoms scale score (0.0 (0.0-33.33) versus 0.0 (0.0-100.0), p = 0.03). The main finding of the present study is the interaction between PA and obesity as critical cofactors in the UCCa adeno and adenosquamous histologic variants, to a greater extent than cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

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RESUMEN Introducción: En los pacientes críticos con COVID-19 ocurren una serie de alteraciones metabólicas, las cuales afectan directamente el estado nutricional del paciente. Para mejorar la sobrevida de los pacientes con COVID-19, se hace relevante el tratamiento nutricional oportuno, idealmente dentro de las primeras 24-48 horas de la admisión a la UCI. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar la evolución, desde el ingreso hasta el egreso, del balance nitrogenado, diversos parámetros bioquímicos y el estado nutricional de los pacientes con neumonía por COVID-19. Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de temporalidad longitudinal, se realizó en la UCI del Hospital Las Higueras de Talcahuano, Chile. Se incluyeron a 33 pacientes al ingreso y al egreso de la UCI. Resultados: Se reportó un incremento significativo del balance nitrogenado al egreso de los pacientes de UCI, sin embargo, no se registraron cambios en la media de talla, peso, IMC, prevalencia de desnutrición durante la estancia en la UCI. La prevalencia de desnutrición moderada y severa fue de un 14,0%, valor inferior al 45,0% informado en pacientes con COVID-19. Conclusión: En este estudio se reportó que la implementación del protocolo y la terapia nutricionales durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se asoció a un aumento del balance nitrogenado y un mejor control glicémico en los pacientes que egresan de la UCI por neumonía de COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, a series of metabolic alterations occur, which directly affect the patient's nutritional status. To improve the survival of patients with COVID-19, timely nutritional treatment is relevant, ideally within the first 24-48 hours of admission to the ICU. The objective of this study was to report the evolution, from admission to discharge, of the nitrogen balance, various biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Method: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the ICU of Las Higueras Hospital in Talcahuano, Chile. Thirty-three patients were included at admission and discharge from the ICU. Results: A significant increase in nitrogen balance was reported at ICU patient discharge, however, no changes were recorded in mean height, weight, BMI, or prevalence of malnutrition during ICU stay. The prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition was 14.0%, a value lower than the 45.0% reported in patients with COVID-19. Discussion: In this study we reported that the implementation of the nutritional protocol and therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in nitrogen balance and better glycemic control in patients discharged from the ICU due to COVID-19 pneumonia.

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Noncommunicable diseases are the main cause of death globally, and most are potentially preventable; they are long term diseases and generally evolve slowly. In Uruguay 64.9% of the population between 25 and 64 years of age are either overweight or obese. The available scientific data show that workplaces are good for developing food-intake interventions for a healthier life. The present study aims to report the design, protocol and methodology for the evaluation of the food intake and physical activity patterns of the Uruguayan State Electrical Company (UTE) workers, as it is distributed across the whole country, and has established associations with overweight and obesity in order to establish institutional strategies to improve the situation. This study uses a population and a cross-sectional, randomized, representative sample of UTE workers with a precision of 3% and a confidence level of 95%. The considered anthropometric variables are weight, height, waist circumference, percentage of fat mass and percentage of visceral fat. A questionnaire on frequency of consumption of different foods and two 24-h dietary recalls (24-h DR) will be performed to evaluate the food intake. Accelerometry will be used to evaluate physical activity, and the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) will be applied. Clinical data will be obtained from the UTE clinical charts. This is the first study of its kind that will be undertaken in Uruguay. It is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier nº NCT04509908.

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Introducción: Un buen estado nutricional, tanto preconcepcional como durante el embarazo, es de vital importancia por igual para la madre como para el producto de la gestación. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de las embarazadas en el momento de la captación del municipio Regla. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en 81 gestantes, aparentemente sanas a la captación, en el área de salud Lidia y Clodomira, en el período comprendido de enero a mayo del 2019. Las variables a estudiar fueron: sociodemográficas, antecedente obstétrico y estado nutricional. Se utilizó el SPSS-22 para Windows para la estadística. Resultados: La edad materna más frecuente se encontró en el grupo de edades de 20 a 35 años, en su mayoría amas de casa con un alto nivel escolar, y baja paridad. El 56,8 por ciento presentó un estado nutricional adecuado (79 por ciento sin anemia), aun así, el resto mostró alteraciones del peso (por defecto o exceso). No todas las mujeres realizaban las 6 frecuencias alimentarías recomendadas ni consumían diariamente los alimentos de los 7 grupos básicos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las gestantes tenían un estado nutricional adecuado a la captación del embarazo: expresión del estado nutricional pregestacional. Sin embargo, presentaban hábitos alimentarios no saludables durante esta etapa de la vida, en la cual la alimentación es fundamental para la madre y el producto de la concepción(AU)

Introduction: A good nutritional state, both in the preconception stage and during pregnancy, is of vital importance for the mother as well as for the product of pregnancy. Objective: To assess the nutritional status of pregnant women from Regla Municipality at the first gestational visit. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out, in the period from January to May 2019, with 81 pregnant women, apparently healthy in the first gestational visit, from the health area belonging to Lidia and Clodomira Polyclinic. The study variables were sociodemographic ones, obstetric history and nutritional state. SPSS-22 for Windows was used for statistics. Results: The most frequent maternal age was found in the age group of 20 to 35 years, mostly housewives, with a high educational level and low parity. 56.8 percent presented an adequate nutritional status (79 percent without anemia), yet the rest showed weight alterations (by default or excess). Not all the women did the six recommended food frequencies nor did they consume the foods from the seven basic groups daily. Conclusions: Most of the pregnant women had an adequate nutritional state in the first gestational visit, which is consistent with the nutritional state before pregnancy. However, they presented unhealthy eating habits during this stage of life, in which food is essential for the mother and the product of conception(AU)

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Introducción: En el campo de la salud pública la tendencia es priorizar el tema de la vigilancia nutricional en la población, a través del monitoreo del comportamiento del estado nutricional. Objetivo: Evaluar la situación nutricional en menores de 18 años del municipio Pasto en el periodo 2014-2016. Métodos: Estudio observacional-descriptivo de la situación nutricional de la población de estudio, reportada en las bases de datos de la Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Pasto-Colombia. Resultados: Se analizaron 158 614 registros, de los cuales 40,82 por ciento fueron de menores de 5 años y 9,18 por ciento en edades entre 5-18 años. Respecto a la desnutrición global se encontró que 18,9 por ciento de los menores fueron diagnosticados en riesgo: 7,2 por ciento con desnutrición global aguda y 0,7 por ciento con desnutrición global severa. Para la desnutrición aguda 10,4 por ciento tuvo diagnóstico de riesgo, 4,8 por ciento desnutrición aguda y 0,8 por ciento desnutrición aguda severa. En la estimación de desnutrición crónica 30,9 por ciento de los niños presentó riesgo de retardo en el crecimiento y 13,05 por ciento retardo en el crecimiento. El 16,7 por ciento de la población tuvo sobrepeso, 4,2 por ciento obesidad, 10,6 por ciento riesgo de delgadez y 2,7 por ciento delgadez. Conclusiones: De acuerdo con la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia, la desnutrición disminuyó en el país entre los años 2010 a 2015. Sin embargo, aún existe desnutrición en el municipio de Pasto que, junto al aumento de la tasa de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes, representa una situación de malnutrición, que podría verse reflejada en importantes problemas para la salud por la generación de enfermedades crónicas a la que conlleva(AU)

Introduction: In the field of public health, the tendency is to prioritize the issue of nutritional surveillance in the population, through the monitoring of the nutritional state´s behavior. Objective: Assess the nutritional state of children under 18 years old in Pasto municipality in the period 2014-2016. Methods: Observational-descriptive study of the studied population´s nutritional state reported in the databases of the Municipal Health Secretariat of Pasto-Colombia. Results: 158 614 records were analyzed, of which 40.82 percent were children under 5 years and 9.18 percent in ages between 5 and 18 years. Regarding global malnutrition, 18.9 percent of children were diagnosed at risk: 7.2 percent with acute global malnutrition and 0.7 percent with severe global malnutrition. For acute malnutrition, 10.4 percent had a risk diagnosis, 4.8 percent acute malnutrition and 0.8 percent severe acute malnutrition. In the estimate of chronic malnutrition, 30.9 percent of the children presented risk of growth retardation and 13.05 percent growth retardation. 16.7 percent of the population were overweight, 4.2 percent obese, 10.6 percent risk of thinness and 2.7 percent thinness. Conclusions: According to the National Survey of the Nutritional Situation in Colombia, malnutrition decreased in the country between 2010 and 2015. However, there is still malnutrition in Pasto municipality which, together with the increase in the rate of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, represents a situation of malnutrition, which could be reflected in major health problems from the generation of chronic diseases to which it leads(AU)

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INTRODUCTION: The body composition of an older adult person is characterized by an increase in body fat, as well as by a reduction in both muscle mass and total body water. The bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) overcomes the limits imposed by bioelectrical impedance, since it only requires the resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values, standardized by the individual's height, which makes the method more individualized and accurate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition using the BIVA of the community-living older adults, with regard to sex and body mass index (BMI) classification, and compare the results with the reference population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with the community-living older adults of both sexes. Bioimpedance was carried out and the R and Xc data analyzed, based on height, and plotted on RXc graphs. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-four older adults (n = 33 men; n = 111 women; mean age of 80.2 ± 9.2 years) participated in the study. Low weight (<23 kg/m2) was the most prevalent in BMI classification. The older adult women presented a higher average BMI, body fat percentage and R/Height values, while the older adult men presented a higher average for fat-free mass and the phase angle (p < 0.05). The older adult, regardless of their BMI, located in the right quadrant, indicated cachexia; those with low weight were dehydrated, and those with overweight (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2) presented hyperhydration. CONCLUSION: The majority of the older adults with normal weight or overweight has impedance vectors indicating loss of muscle mass and water imbalance (dehydration or hyperhydration).

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Objectives: Anthropometric variables are used to evaluate health, dietary status, disease risks, and changes in body composition. The purpose of this study was to compare weight, height, and Body Mass Index (BMI) with American references from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS-2012), using BMI and Tri-Ponderal Mass Index (TMI) to propose percentiles for evaluating nutritional status of children, adolescents, and adults, ages 5-80 years old. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 15,436 (8,070 males and 7,366 females) children, youths and adults in the Maule region (Chile). The age range ranged from 5.0 to ~80 years of age. Weight and height were assessed. Body mass index BMI and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) were calculated. The LMS method was used to generate percentiles. Results: The results illustrated that children were heavier and had more BMI during childhood compared to the NCHS references. During adolescence, reference values were greater until approximately ages 70-79. For height, children were relatively similar to those of the NCHS references, but during adolescence, differences became evident. Adolescence until approximately age 80, the population showed lower values for height. Percentiles were calculated using BMI and TMI by age range and sex. Differences occurred between the American NCHS references and the population with regard to the anthropometric variables of weight, height, and in BMI. Conclusion: Discrepancies with the American NCHS reference were verified in the anthropometric variables of weight, height and BMI. Reference percentiles of BMI and TMI were developed for the evaluation of the nutritional status of the regional population of Maule (Chile). Its use is suggested in clinical and epidemiological contexts.

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The dysfunction of dopaminergic signaling is associated with several neurological disorders. The use of pharmacological agents that interact with this signaling system may be employed to understand mechanisms underlying such disorders. Nutritional status can impact dopamine reuptake, receptor affinity, transporter activity, and the effects of drugs that bind to dopamine receptors or interact with dopaminergic system. Here we evaluated the effects of quinpirole (a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist) exposure on fed and non-fed zebrafish larvae. Zebrafish larvae (6 days post-fertilization, dpf) were exposed to quinpirole (5.5, 16.7, and 50.0 µM) or water (control group) for one hour. To evaluate the effect of feeding status on quinpirole exposure, the experiments were performed on fed and non-fed animals, a between subject experimental design. Both fed and non-fed quinpirole treated larvae exhibited increased erratic movements compared to controls in an open tank exploration task. No alterations were observed on the main parameters of exploratory behavior and swim activity for non-fed larvae treated with quinpirole compared to controls. However, fed animals exposed to quinpirole exhibited increased locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and repetitive circular movements when compared to controls and non-fed exposed animals. In addition, we observed quinpirole exposure to have no effects on morphological parameters and heartbeat, but to impair optomotor responses in both fed and non-fed larvae compared to control. We also found quinpirole effects to interact with feeding status, as quinpirole-treated fed larvae improved while quinpirole treated non-fed larvae impaired their avoidance reaction towards an aversive stimulus. These results indicate that the behavioral effects of quinpirole exposure depended upon feeding status. They showed that consumption of food, a naturally rewarding stimulus known to engage the dopaminergic system, made this neurotransmitter system more susceptible to quinpirole's effects.

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RESUMEN Objetivos Determinar la asociación entre el tiempo de comunicación verbal de padres e hijos en etapa preescolar y sus niveles de adiposidad; en segundo lugar, se busca describir las variables sociodemográficas y de composición corporal de dichos preescolares en relación con la comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos. Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y de carácter multicéntrico en el que participaron 70 preescolares. Las variables medidas fueron "niveles de adiposidad de los preescolares", variables sociodemográficas de padres y tiempo de comunicación verbal "entre padres e hijos". Resultados Con base en el tiempo de comunicación entre padres e hijos (se consideró como "bajo tiempo de comunicación" un tiempo de menos de 100 min/día y como "elevado tiempo de comunicación", uno que fuera mayor o igual a 100 min por día), se hallaron diferencias significativas en las variables peso en la clasificación nutricional de obesidad (TC<100 min/día 20.6±4 vs. TC≥100 min/día 18.4±3 kg, P=0.039), zpeso/talla (TC<100 min/día 1.791±8 vs. TC≥100 min/día 1.010±4, P=0.030), masa grasa en kg (TC<100 min/día 7.5±3 vs. TC≥100 min/día 6.3±2 kg, P=0.046), masa grasa en % (TC<100 min/día 36.3±2 vs. TC≥100 min/día 33.9±3%, P<0.05). La talla y la razón peso/talla no presentaron asociación significativa mediante el estado nutricional y las categorías de diferentes tiempos de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos por día. Además, la masa muscular fue asociada significativamente al tiempo de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos en las categorías de obesidad (TC<100 min/día 5.7±3 vs. TC≥100 min/día 5.1±3 kg, P=0.047) y masa magra del tronco (TC<100 min/día 5.2± 4 vs. 4.6±3 kg, P=0.039). Conclusiones El tiempo diario de comunicación verbal entre padres e hijos se asocia significativamente a mayores niveles de adiposidad mediante el peso, zpeso/talla y masa grasa. Estos hallazgos requieren de mayor y más compleja investigación para corroborarse.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the association between the time of verbal communication parents-children with the adiposity levels of pre-schoolchildren, and secondly to describe the socio-demographic, and body composition outcomes of pre-schoolchildren by the verbal communication parents-children time. Materiales y Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study of multi-centric application, with participation of (n=70) pre-scholars. The outcomes described were the adiposity, socio-demographic data of parents and the time of verbal communication parents-children. Results Considering a low (<100 min/day) versus a high (≥100 min/day) time of verbal communication parents-children, there were significant differences in the weight of the obesity classification "total communication/day" [TC] (TC<100 min/day 20.6±4 vs. TC≥100 min/day 18.4±3 kg, P=0.039), zweight/height (TC<100 min/day 1.791±8 vs. TC≥100 min/day 1.010±4, P=0.030), lean mass in kg (TC<100 min/day 7.5±3 vs. TC≥100 min/day 6.3±2 kg, P=0.046), body fat in % (TC<100 min/day 36.3±2 vs. TC≥100 min/day 33.9±3%, P<0.05). The height and ratio weight/height do not showed significant association with the time of verbal communication parents-children. Additionally, muscle mass (TC<100 min/day 5.7±3 vs. TC≥100 min/day 5.1±3 kg, P=0.047), and trunk lean mass (TC<100 min/day 5.2± 4 vs. 4.6±3 kg, P=0.039) were significantly associated with the main outcome. Conclusions The daily time of verbal communication parents-children is significantly associated with higher levels of adiposity by the weight, zweight/height, and body fat in pre-schoolchildren. These findings require major and more complex research for corroborating.

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Trypanosoma cruzi, a hemoflagellate parasite, is the etiological agent of Chagas disease that affects about 6-7 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. The parasite life cycle is complex and alternates between an invertebrate host-Triatominae vector-and a mammalian host. The parasite adaptation to the several microenvironments through which it transits is critical to success in establishing infection. Moreover, environmental cues also play an important role on the parasite development, and it can modulate the infection. In the present study, we discussed how the temperature oscillations and the nutritional state of the invertebrate host can affect the parasite development, multiplication, and the differentiation process of epimastigote forms into metacyclic trypomastigotes, called metacyclogenesis. The impact of oxidative imbalance and osmotic stresses on the parasite-vector relationship are also discussed.

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Resumen Introduction: La desnutrición es un problema de salud en el mundo, y la Sierra ecuatoriana es una región bastante afectada por dicha situación. En esta investigación, se evaluó el estado nutricional de la población adulta no hospitalizada de un cantón de dicha zona. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observational, descriptivo, de corte transversal en una muestra de 115 pacientes adultos del cantón Cevallos, en la región Sierra del Ecuador durante el periodo de abril a septiembre del 2016. Para determinar el estado nutricional, se utilizó el cálculo del índice de masa corporal. Las enfermedades asociadas se determinaron a partir de la anamnesis de cada uno de los pacientes. Todos los resultados fueron evaluados mediante la determinación de valores porcentuales y se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinar la relación entre estado nutricional y enfermedades asociadas. Resultados: el 82.61% de los pacientes estaban desnutridos. El 69.56% presentaba enfermedades asociadas a un predominio de hipertensión arterial (41.84%), diabetes mellitus (21.44%) y cardiopatía isquémica (18.37%). La correlación desnutrición-enfermedades asociadas fue prácticamente nula. Conclusiones: conocer el estado de salud de la población de los adultos pertenecientes al cantón Cevallos, permitió crear los espacios necesarios para garantizar atención médica en el desarrollo de las actividades de la población, así como diseñar un programa de charlas educativas para los beneficiarios.

Abstract Introduction: Malnutrition is a global health problem, which includes, in Ecuador, the rural population of the Sierra. This is why it was decided to evaluate the nutritional status of the non-hospitalized adults of an Ecuadorian mountains canton. Materials and methods: The study carried out was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a sample of 115 mature patients of the canton Cevallos in Ecuador's Sierra region during the period April-September 2016. To determine the nutritional state, the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) was used. The associate illnesses were determined, starting from the anamnesis to each one of the patients. All the results were evaluated by means of the determination of percentage values; the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between BMI and associated diseases. Results: The patients' 82.6% was undernourished; 69.57% presented illnesses associated with the prevalence of arterial hypertension (41.84 °%), diabetes Mellitus (21.43 °%), and ischemic cardiopathy (18.37 °/o). All the patients considered as very satisfactory the intervention strategy. The correlation between malnutrition and associated diseases was practically nil. Conclusions: Knowing the state of the populations of the adults belonging to the canton health, Cevallos propitiated the creation of the necessary spaces to guarantee the medical care in the development of the population's activities, as well as to design a program of educational chats to the patient beneficiaries.

Resumo Introdução: a desnutrição constitui um problema de saúde mundial, onde se inclui, no Equador, à população rural da região serra do país, motivo pelo que se decidiu avaliar o estado nutricional da população adulta não hospitalizada de um cantão a região Serra do Equador. Materiais e métodos: se realizou um estudo observacional, descritivo, de corte transversal em uma amostra de 115 participantes adultos do cantão Cevallos na região Serra do Equador durante o período abril-setembro 2016. Para determinar o estado nutricional se utilizou o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal. As doenças associadas determinaramse a partir da anamnese a cada um dos pacientes. Todos os resultados foram avaliados mediante a determinação de valores percentuais e se utilizou o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para determinar a relação entre estado nutricional e doenças associadas. Resultados: o 82.61%> dos pacientes estavam desnutridos. O 69.56%> apresentava doenças associadas a predomínio de hipertensão arterial (41.84%>), diabetes mellitus (21.44%>) e cardiopatia isquêmica (18.37%>). A correlação desnutrição-doença associada foi praticamente nula. Conclusões: Conhecer o estado de saúde da população dos adultos pertencentes ao cantão Cevallos propiciou criar os espaços necessários para garantir a atenção médica no desenvolvimento das atividades da população, assim como desenhar um Programa de Palestras Educativas aos beneficiários.

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RESUMEN Se han descrito estilos de vida poco saludables en estudiantes universitarios, como omisión del desayuno, alto consumo de comida rápida y horarios dispersos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relacionar distintas características de la ingesta alimentaria con el estado nutricional en este grupo. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico, donde participaron 130 jóvenes sedentarios. Se evaluó el estado nutricional y la ingesta alimentaria. Un 25% de la muestra presentó malnutrición por exceso (IMC), mientras que el 50% presentó exceso de grasa corporal. Los hombres con exceso de grasa corporal mostraron un porcentaje de adecuación significativamente menor en el aporte energético al desayuno (p= 0.021) y los sujetos (ambos sexos) con exceso de grasa corporal presentaron un porcentaje de adecuación también menor en la ingesta calórica al almuerzo en comparación con los sujetos con bajas reservas energéticas (p=0.004), y su vez, todos los sujetos consumían un exceso de energía en la merienda, independiente de su estado nutricional. Se observó también una relación dependiente entre horarios de alimentación y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (p= 0.044). Una baja ingesta energética al desayuno junto con una alta ingesta durante la merienda con intervalos de ayuno mayores a 4 horas al menos una vez al día, podrían estar asociados a un exceso de grasa corporal en estudiantes universitarios sedentarios.

ABSTRACT Unhealthy lifestyles, such as omission of breakfast, high intake of fast food, and lack of mealtime schedules, have been described among university students. The aim of this study was to relate different characteristics of food intake with the nutritional status of university students. An analytical observational study was conducted among 130 sedentary young people. Nutritional status (weight, height and body fat percentage) and food intake (24h food recall and eating habits survey) were assessed. One quarter of the sample had overweight or obesity (BMI), while 50% had excess body fat. Men with excess body fat had a lower energy intake at breakfast (p= 0.021) and the subjects (both sexes) with excess body fat had a lower calorie intake at lunch compared to subjects with low energy reserves (p= 0.004). Moreover, all subjects consumed excess energy at teatime, independent of body composition. A dependent relationship between feeding schedules and body fat percentage was observed (p= 0.044). Low energy intake at breakfast along with a high intake during teatime, with fasting intervals of more than 4 hours between meals at least once a day, could be associated with excess body fat in sedentary university students.

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Introducción: El incremento de la esperanza de vida de la población es un logro de la medicina contemporánea; por tanto, la evaluación del estado nutricional y los factores sociodemográficos son importantes para la prevención y control de enfermedades en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Determinar el índice de masa corporal y su relación con las características sociodemográficas de los ancianos del Centro del Adulto Mayor de Huancayo, Junín, Perú, durante 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal de 140 adultos mayores seleccionados aleatoriamente, que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se aplicó un cuestionario para determinar los factores sociodemográficos y el estado nutricional mediante el índice de masa corporal. Los datos se analizaron en el programa Stata 14, mediante la estadística descriptiva univariada, bivariada y multivariada. Se utilizó la prueba de Ji al cuadrado. Resultados: El promedio global del índice de masa corporal fue 22,48 ± 9,5, con predominio en las mujeres. Del total de pacientes, 10 presentaron delgadez (7,1 por ciento); 78 peso normal (55,7 por ciento); 46 sobrepeso (32,9 por ciento) y 6 obesidad (4,3 por ciento). Los factores sociodemográficos asociados fueron el área de residencia, la actividad física y la presencia de comorbilidades. Conclusiones: La mayoría de adultos mayores presentaron un estado de nutrición adecuado, seguido por el sobrepeso, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de programas sanitarios en alimentación y nutrición saludable en este grupo etario.

Introduction: The increment of life expectancy in a population is an achievement of the contemporary medicine; therefore, the evaluation of the nutritional state and the social and demographic factors are important for the prevention and control of diseases in the elderly. Objective: To determine the corporal mass index and its relationship with the social and demographic characteristics of the elderly at the Elderly Center in Huancayo, Junín, Peru, during 2017. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, of 140 aged persons randomly selected who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion criteria was carried out. A questionnaire was applied to determine the social and demographic factors and the nutritional state by means of the corporal mass index. The data were analyzed in the program Stata 14, by means of the univariate, bivariate and multivariate descriptive statistics. The Chi squared test was used. Results: The global average of corporal mass index was 22.48 ± 9.5, with prevalence in women. Of the total of patient, 10 were thin (7.1 percent); 78 normal weight (55.7 percent); 46 were overweight (32.9 percent) and 6 were obese (4.3 percent). The social and demographic factors associated were the residence area, physical activity and comorbidities presence. Conclusions: Most of the elderly presented an appropriate nutritional state, followed by overweight, which evidences the necessity of health programs on feeding and healthy nutrition in this age group.

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Introdução: Atualmente, a obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública e acomete cada vez mais mulheres em idade e estágio reprodutivo (gestação e retenção de peso pós-parto). Objetivo: Analisar os fatores determinantes da retenção de peso pós-parto em lactantes atendidas nas Unidades de Saúde da Família da zona urbana do Município de Cuité/PB. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de seguimento com 28 lactantes, com informações coletadas por meio de um questionário semiestruturado e da aferição de peso e altura no primeiro e quarto mês de lactação. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS for Windows. Resultados: Observa- -se que as lactantes multíparas e que apresentaram ganho de peso excessivo durante a gestação retiveram mais peso, não se mostrando relação com o estado pré-gestacional. Nota-se maiores médias de retenção nas mães com maior idade, e renda, as quais obtiveram ganho de peso excessivo e tiveram parto cesário. Cabe destacar que a mulher que apresentou retenção de peso superior a dois quilos após o parto, teve um aumento no seu IMC, evidenciando uma possível relação entre a retenção de peso e a instalação de sobrepeso em mulheres. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos enfatiza-se a importância do cuidado nutricional contínuo com a mulher em idade reprodutiva, incluindo acompanhamento nutricional no período pré-gestacional, com melhorias na assistência pré- -natal, e pós-parto, com a implantação de políticas públicas que proporcionem para a mulher subsídios necessários para a prevenção da obesidade.(AU)

Introduction: Obesity is currently considered a public health problem and affects an increasing number of women in reproductive age and stage (pregnancy and post-partum weight retention). Objective: To analyze determinant factors of postpartum weight retention in women cared for at the Family Health Units from urban area in the city of Cuité/PB. Methods: It is a follow-up study with 28 women, with information collected through a semi-structured questionnaire and weight and height tests performed in the first and fourth month of lactation. For data analysis, we used the SPSS statistical software for Windows. Results: It is observed that multiparous women and who had presented excessive weight gain during pregnancy retained more weight, showing no relation with the pre-pregnancy state. It is noticed a higher average of retention in mothers with higher age and income, who had presented an excessive weight gain and had caesarian section. It is important to point out that the woman who presented more than two kilos of weight retention after giving birth had an increase in her BMI, suggesting a possible connection between weight retention and overweight presence in women. Conclusions: Based on the results, it is emphasized the importance of continuous nutritional care to women in reproductive age, including nutritional monitoring in the pre-pregnancy period, with improvements in prenatal and postpartum care, and the implementation of public policies which provide necessary subsides for the prevention of obesity in women.(AU)

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) consists of a tool that assesses dietary inflammatory potential based on the assignment of an inflammatory score to a variety of nutrients, seasonings and bioactive compounds. Pro-inflammatory diets are associated to weight and abdominal fat excess. High Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) seem to contribute to a worse prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the relation between anthropometric indexes and body adiposity with the clinical condition and the Dietary Inflammatory Index of MS individuals. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study that included 137 MS patients residing in the Brazilian northeast. Through a structured questionnaire and medical records consultation, we collected data on demographics, nutritional state, arterial pressure, clinical and dietary variables. Clinical variables included the MS type, number of pulse therapies and attack rate in the last two years, number of days of most recent pulse therapy and muscular strength assessment scores (MRC) and most recent disability level (EDSS). The nutritional state was evaluated based on BMI, WC, waist-hip ratio (WHR), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Body Shape z score Index (ABSIz) and body fat percentage (%BF). The DII was calculated according to a validated methodology. RESULTS: The ABSIz presented a positive correlation with regards to the EDSS score (r = 0.294. p = 0.001). WC and WHR presented a negative correlation in relation to the number of pulse therapy days (r = -0.255. p = 0.022 and r = -0.251. p = 0.024). BMI and %BF were not correlated to clinical variables (p > 0.05). The DII was positively correlated to the BMI in people with progressive MS (r = 0.556. p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The DII may interfere in the nutritional state of MS patients and the nutritional state may affect disability levels but it is necessary to establish which nutritional indicator can better predict the relation between DII and the clinical condition of MS patients.

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Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, no balanceado, anidados en una cohorte, de pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos e Intermedios del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, con la doble finalidad de identificar los factores pronósticos que incidieron en el estado nutricional al egreso de estos y además evaluar la utilidad del análisis estadístico implicativo en la identificación de dichos factores. En el procesamiento de los datos se emplearon dos técnicas: la regresión logística, con la cual se identificaron como factores de mal pronóstico la ventilación mecánica, la infección intrahospitalaria, el tratamiento quirúrgico y la estadía prolongada; y el análisis estadístico implicativo, con el que se detectaron el estado nutricional al ingreso, la infección intrahospitalaria, la ventilación mecánica y la estadía prolongada. El análisis estadístico implicativo mostró mayor probabilidad de identificar factores pronósticos, con buenos resultados en los indicadores de eficacia estimados

An unbalanced cases and control study, nested in a cohort, of patients assisted in the Intensive and Intermediate Care Unit of Saturnine Lora Torres Teaching Provincial Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out, with the double purpose of identifying the prognosis factors that impacted in the nutritional state at their discharge and also to evaluate the usefulness of the statistical analysis for the identification of these factors. In the processing of data two techniques were used: the logistical regression analysis, with which the mechanical ventilation, the intrahospital infection, the surgical treatment and the prolonged stay were identified as bad prognosis factors; and the statistical analysis, with which the nutritional state at admission, the intrahospital infection, the mechanical ventilation and the prolonged stay were detected. The statistical analysis showed a higher probability of identifying prognosis factors, with good results in the effectiveness calculated indicators

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional, alimentação e a saúde oral de idosos de um município da serra no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, por meio de um estudo transversal descritivo e analítico quantitativo, com dados primários. As variáveis analisadas foram: gênero; idade (≥60 anos); peso (kg); altura (m); índice de massa corporal (IMC=kg/m²), circunferência da cintura (CC=cm), circunferência do braço (CB=cm) e circunferência da panturilha (CP=cm). Para avaliação do estado nutricional utilizou-se a Mini Avaliação Nutricional (MAN) e o consumo alimentar foi avaliado pelo Questionário de Frequência Alimentar (QFA). Em relação à saúde bucal, aplicou-se o GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index) e o EAT-10 (Instrumento de Avaliação da Alimentação). Dos 135 idosos avaliados, 71,9% eram mulheres. A obesidade abdominal foi prevalente nas mulheres (p=0,037) e o risco de desnutrição pela MAN quanto à prevalência de baixo peso pelo IMC aumentaram com a idade (p=0,021 e p=0,039). Para os demais métodos de avaliação nutricional, as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significativas. Ainda pela MAN, houve diferença significativa, onde as mulheres se perceberam com melhor saúde (p=0,030). Ao investigar a saúde oral, não houve diferença significativa (p>0,05). O consumo de frutas frescas (p=0,006) foi maior nas mulheres e batata/salgados fritos (p=0,001) foi mais consumido pelos homens. Não houve associação significativa entre os resultados da saúde oral com o consumo alimentar (p>0,05). Torna-se necessário reforçar orientações sobre alimentação saudável, para que os idosos possam adequar sua alimentação e prevenir problemas advindos de uma má nutrição, bem como, outros estudos devem ser realizados com estas variáveis. (AU)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the nutritional sate, the nourishment and the oral health of elderly people in a town located in Gaucho Highlands, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was a transversal, descriptive, qualitative analytical, with primary data. The variations analysed were: gender, age (≥60 years old), weight (kg), height (m), body mass index (BMI=kg/m²), waist circumference (WC=cm), arm circumference (AC=cm), calf circumference (CC=cm). To the evaluation, we used the "Mini Nutritional Assesment" (MNA), the food intake was evaluated by the Quizz of Nourishment Frequency (QNF), (SISVAN). For the oral health, we used the GOHAI (Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index) and the EAT-10 (Eating Assesment Tool). From the 135 elders who were evaluated, 71.9% were women. The abdominal obesity was more important in women (p=0.037) and the risk of innutrition by MNA about the prevalence of low weight, by BMI, raised with the age (p=0.021 e p=0.039). For the other methods of nutritional evaluation, the differences weren't statistically significant. Still, by MNA there was a significant difference, where the women perceived themselves with better health (p=0.030). When investigating the oral health, there wasn't a significant difference (p>0.05). The consumption of fresh fruits (p=0.006) was bigger among the women and the consumption of potatoes/fried snacks (p=0.001) was bigger among the men. There wasn't a significant association between the results of the oral health and food consumption (p>0.05). It is necessary to reinforce guidances about healthy nourishment, so the elders can adequate their nourishment and prevent problems that come from a bad nutrition, as well as other studies must be done with these variations. (AU)

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Resumo As mudanças vivenciadas pelas gestantes podem impactar negativamente as atitudes corporais e as variáveis associadas. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência das atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima, ansiedade e IMC na imagem corporal de gestantes. Este estudo quantitativo e transversal contou com 386 gestantes de todas as idades gestacionais, entre 18 a 46 anos de idade (média de 29,32 ± 6,04 anos) da cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG. Foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar atitudes corporais, atitudes alimentares, sintomas depressivos, autoestima e ansiedade. Foram coletados dados antropométricos e obstétricos. Realizou-se análises estatísticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Os achados indicaram correlações significativas entre as atitudes corporais e: atitudes alimentares inadequadas (r = 0,478), sintomas depressivos (r = 0,387), baixa autoestima (r = 0,431) e elevado IMC (r = 0,339). Além disso, essas variáveis juntas exerceram influência de 41,4% sobre a imagem corporal negativa das gestantes. Assim, recomenda-se a avaliação e a orientação nutricional e psicológica a fim de detectar e prevenir psicopatologias, tendo em vista a saúde materna e infantil.

Abstract The experiences of change that pregnant women live through can have a negative effect on their bodily attitudes and the associated variables. This study aimed to establish the influence on pregnant women's body image of their eating attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, anxiety and body mass index. This is a quantitative, cross-sectional study, of 386 pregnant women of a range of child-bearing age - from 18 to 46 (mean 29.32 ± 6.04) - of the city of Juiz de Fora, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Instruments were applied to evaluate body attitudes, food attitudes, depressive symptoms, self-esteem and anxiety. Anthropometric and obstetric data were collected. Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were made. The findings indicated significant correlations between body attitudes and: inadequate eating attitudes (r = 0.478), depressive symptoms (r = 0.387), low self-esteem (r = 0.431) and high BMI (r = 0.339). In addition, these variables together exerted an influence measured as 41.4% on the negative body image of the pregnant women. Thus, it is recommended that pregnant women should be assessed nutritionally and psychologically and given orientation in these aspects, in order to detect and prevent psychopathology, with a view to optimal maternal and child health.