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This paper shows the design of a radio-frequency transceiver coil for landmine detection in Colombia by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). The radio-frequency transceiver coil is of great importance as it is responsible for exciting the target explosive and for picking up the weak NQR signal; however, little detail is found on the literature about its design. The strategy followed on this work consisted on constructing and experimentally comparing five different radio-frequency transceiver coils, whose dimensions were selected according to four design parameters: noise rejection, magnetic flux density, coil sensitivity, and quality factor; taking into account the characteristics of landmines in Colombia, the second country most affected by anti-personnel mines in the world. The constructed coils were experimentally compared using a portable system and with three of them, the system was capable of detecting 200 g ammonium nitrate (the main substance used in Colombian landmines) up to 3 cm from the coil within 12 s, with a steady-state free precession pulse sequence. Conclusions from this work could help to guide RF coil design in other works that apply NQR for remote detection of substances in non-shielded environments and to direct future research about landmine detection in Colombia.
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RESUMEN El presente trabajo muestra el desarrollo que ha tenido la formación de profesionales nucleares en Cuba durante más de treinta y ocho años. Se exponen las características principales de los programas de estudio de las carreras nucleares acreditadas por el sistema nacional de acreditación de la educación superior cubana. Algunos indicadores de la calidad de la formación en ingeniería nuclear, física nuclear y radioquímica, la presencia de la mujer, así como, la contribución de estas carreras al desarrollo de la provincia La Habana a partir de un análisis de la ubicación de sus egresados son presentados.
ABSTRACT This work shows the development that has taken the education of nuclear professionals in Cuba for more than thirty-eight years. The main features of the curriculum for undergraduate specialty for nuclear matters, accredited by the national accreditation system of higher education in Cuba are introduced. Some quality indicators, the women presence and the contribution of the nuclear careers to the development of Havana province beginning from the analysis of graduated distribution in the labor market are discussed.
RESUMO
En el presente artículo se resume una perspectiva histórica de la experiencia nacional en el desarrollo de la Física Nuclear, con énfasis especial en su vínculo con el Programa Nuclear Cubano,y los resultados científicos tecnológicos y de impacto socioeconómico obtenidos. Para sustentar el desarrollo de la nucleoenergética e instalaciones nucleares, se recoge la creación de instituciones especializadas, la formación de profesionales y de colectivos interdisciplinarios de físicos nucleares, teóricos, experimentadores, ingenieros y de otras especialidades. También se abordan las múltiples aplicaciones pacíficas introducidas en el país y en particular las asociadas al programa científico nuclear...
The present article summarizes an historical perspective of the national experience in Nuclear Physics development, with particular emphasis on its relationship with the Cuban Nuclear Program, its scientific and technological achievements, and its social and economic impact. Multiple peaceful applications introduced in the country and specifically those related to the Nuclear Power Program are also included. In order to support nuclear energy as well as nuclear power plants, specialized institutions were created, in addition to the training of professionals and interdisciplinary research groups in theoretical and experimental nuclear physics, engineering and in other different specialties...