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Resumen Introducción: La posturografía es un método de exploración complementario para valorar el grado de desplazamiento del centro de gravedad (COP); no debe usarse de forma aislada al evaluar equilibrio, pero se acepta para seguimiento de la respuesta a tratamiento. Es de baja disponibilidad, por su alto costo comercial. Como alternativa se documenta la plataforma Wii Balance Board (WBB) de Nintendo para registro posturográfico. Objetivo: Describir valores de normalidad en parámetros posturográficos en población chilena sin patología vestibular, usando un registro simple y accesible. Material y Método: Estudio transversal de valores referenciales en herramienta para evaluación del equilibrio. Se registraron valores posturográficos con versión adaptada del Sensory Organization Test (SOT) a adultos sanos. Mediciones con software WBB Sway Program mediante WBB. Se midieron índices somatosensorial, visual y vestibular, y patrones de control postural en ejes anteroposterior y mediolateral durante SOT-adaptado. Resultados: Se obtuvieron valores de velocidad de desplazamiento del COP, área del COP y desviaciones estándar correspondientes para 4 situaciones del SOT-adaptado de 35 sujetos entre 18-65 años, 21 mujeres, 14 hombres. Discusión: WBB permitió evaluar estos parámetros en población sana, como aproximación a determinar rangos de referencia. Esta herramienta de uso rápido y accesible constituye una alternativa útil para determinar patrones de control postural en sujetos sanos. Presentamos valores a utilizar como rango referencial en nuestra población; se sugiere utilizar estos valores como objetivo terapéutico en rehabilitación vestibular en pacientes evaluados en conjunto con otros parámetros clínico-sintomáticos.

Abstract Introduction: Posturography is a complementary method for evaluating the center of pressure (COP) displacement; it should not be used in isolation when assessing balance, but it is accepted for follow-up of the treatment response. Due to its high commercial cost and low availability, we documented the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (WBB) as an alternative for posturography. Aim: To describe the normal range of posturography parameters in the Chilean population without vestibular pathology, using a simple and accessible registry method. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study of referential values in a balance assessment tool. Posturography values were registered using an adapted version of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) on healthy adults. Measurements with WBB Sway Program software through WBB. With adapted-SOT, somatosensory, visual and vestibular indices, as well as anterior/posterior and mediolateral axes postural control patterns, were measured. Results: Values of displacement velocity of the COP, COP area and corresponding standard deviations were obtained for 4 SOT-adapted situations from 35 subjects between 18-65 years, 21 women, 14 men. Discussion: As an approach to determine referential range values, WBB allowed to evaluate these parameters in healthy population. To determine healthy subjects postural control patterns this quick and accessible tool is a useful alternative. We present referential range values to use in our population; it is suggested to use these values as therapeutic objectives in vestibular rehabilitation in patients evaluated along with other clinical-symptomatic parameters.

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Amyloid Protein Precursor gene duplication is a rare cause of early-onset Alzheimer's disease that can be associated with Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. This condition predisposes cerebrovascular events, specifically, intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. This report describes a case of first-time intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with APP gene duplication during SARS-CoV-2 infection, a typically pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory condition, as a possible trigger for this condition.

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BACKGROUND: Improved understanding of the normal range of blood eosinophil counts (BEC) and conditions that influence them in non-asthmatic individuals should allow more accurate estimation of the threshold at which eosinophilic disease should be considered, diagnosed, and treated. This analysis investigated the impact of atopy, smoking, and parasitic infection on BEC. METHODS: This was a post hoc analysis of non-asthmatic subjects from a case-control study (CONEP 450/10) conducted at the Program for Control of Asthma in Bahia (ProAR). Participant BECs were measured at baseline; correlations between predefined risk factors and BEC were assessed via univariate and stratified analysis. RESULTS: Of the 454 participants included, 3% were helminth parasite-positive, 18% were non-helminth parasite-positive; and 450 had BEC data. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) BEC was 152 (96, 252) cells/µL. Any positive skin prick test, elevated total immunoglobulin E, allergic rhinitis, and being a current smoker were all individually associated with higher BEC (p < 0.05) compared with BEC in participants without these factors, but having a non-helminthic parasitic infection was not. Participants with all 4 risk factors that were associated with higher BEC had a median (IQR) BEC of 192 cells/µL (94, 416) versus 106 cells/µL (70, 164) for those with no risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In non-asthmatic subjects, atopy, allergic rhinitis, and current smoking status were associated with higher BEC compared with subjects without these factors, but BEC values were well below the threshold commonly accepted as normal. Therefore, BEC should be interpreted in the context of an individual's medical conditions and other BEC-influencing factors.

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O objetivo com este estudo foi estabelecer os intervalos de referência de diferentes analitos séricos em Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus de vida livre. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 54 fêmeas e 14 machos adultos, capturados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. A determinação das concentrações de cálcio total, albumina, colesterol total, creatinina, glicose, fósforo, proteína total, triglicerídeos e ureia séricas e a atividade das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatina quinase fração MB e fosfatase alcalina foi realizada em equipamento automático. Valores de globulinas, cálcio total e proporções (razões) entre analitos foram realizados por meio de cálculo matemático. Esta é a primeira descrição do intervalo de referência de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em veado-campeiro de vida livre do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. O tamanho da amostra e a distribuição dos dados indicam que os valores médios obtidos são representativos e podem ser usados para a monitorização da saúde, do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de enfermidades nesse estrato populacional.(AU)

The objective of the present study is to establish the reference intervals of different serum analytes in free - living Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus. Blood samples were drawn from the 54 females and 14 males, adults, captured in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. A determination of total calcium, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, total protein, triglycerides, and serum urea concentrations and an activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB fraction and alkaline phosphatase were performed in automated equipment. Values of globulins, total calcium and proportions among analytes were performed by means of mathematical calculations. This is a first description of the reference parameters for serum biochemistry of free - living pampas deer in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Sample size and distribution of data indicate that the mean values obtained are representative and can be used for a health monitoring, nutritional status, and diagnosis of diseases in this population stratum.(AU)

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O objetivo com este estudo foi estabelecer os intervalos de referência de diferentes analitos séricos em Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus de vida livre. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 54 fêmeas e 14 machos adultos, capturados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. A determinação das concentrações de cálcio total, albumina, colesterol total, creatinina, glicose, fósforo, proteína total, triglicerídeos e ureia séricas e a atividade das enzimas alanina aminotransferase, aspartato aminotransferase, creatina quinase fração MB e fosfatase alcalina foi realizada em equipamento automático. Valores de globulinas, cálcio total e proporções (razões) entre analitos foram realizados por meio de cálculo matemático. Esta é a primeira descrição do intervalo de referência de parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em veado-campeiro de vida livre do Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. O tamanho da amostra e a distribuição dos dados indicam que os valores médios obtidos são representativos e podem ser usados para a monitorização da saúde, do estado nutricional e do diagnóstico de enfermidades nesse estrato populacional.(AU)

The objective of the present study is to establish the reference intervals of different serum analytes in free - living Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus. Blood samples were drawn from the 54 females and 14 males, adults, captured in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. A determination of total calcium, albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, glucose, phosphorus, total protein, triglycerides, and serum urea concentrations and an activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase MB fraction and alkaline phosphatase were performed in automated equipment. Values of globulins, total calcium and proportions among analytes were performed by means of mathematical calculations. This is a first description of the reference parameters for serum biochemistry of free - living pampas deer in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. Sample size and distribution of data indicate that the mean values obtained are representative and can be used for a health monitoring, nutritional status, and diagnosis of diseases in this population stratum.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To establish the normal reference range of fetal nasal bone length (NBL) during the second trimester in an Afro-Caribbean population and the likelihood ratio (LR) for fetal trisomy 21. METHODS: Prenatal records of euploid, non-malformed singleton fetuses who underwent second-trimester ultrasonographic scans at 20-24 weeks of gestation were retrospectively analyzed for NBL and gestational age (GA). Only Afro-Caribbean couples were selected. The relationship between fetal NBL and GA was determined. The data of all fetuses with Down syndrome were provided by the French West Indies Register of Congenital Malformations (REMALAN). RESULTS: There was a significant linear association between fetal NBL and GA (R2 = 0. 354). The 50th percentile for NBL increased from 5.0 to 7.0 mm from week 20 to 24 of gestation. The nasal bone (NB) was absent or hypoplastic in 8.6% of the euploid fetuses and in 69.2% of the trisomy 21 fetuses. The LR for trisomy 21 of absent or hypoplastic NB in an Afro-Caribbean population was 8.02, but only 2.32 when this sign was isolated. CONCLUSION: The reference range for fetal NBL at 20-24 weeks of gestation in an Afro-Caribbean population and the LR for trisomy 21 of absent or hypoplastic NB differed from the other populations.

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Antecedentes: el strain longitudinal global (SLG) es una herramienta diagnóstica útil en definidos escenarios clínicos, como el de la valoración de disfunción sistólica precoz. Existen varios métodos para su cuantificación y escasas referencias del método Vector velocity imaging (VVI) que validen sus valores normales para el ventrículo izquierdo y el derecho (VI, VD). Objetivo: conocer cifras normales del SLG del VI y del VD por método VVI en población sana y compararlas con series internacionales por igual método. Valorar su correlación con otras medidas de función sistólica, medidas antropométricas y hemodinámicas. Material y métodos: se trata de un estudio prospectivo, observacional, utilizando el strain longitudinal por método VVI en voluntarios sanos. Se seleccionó una muestra de conveniencia de 57 sujetos sanos -edad ³18 años-, reclutados de manera prospectiva. Se realizó cuestionario y examen físico, ecocardiograma Doppler color y strain longitudinal regional y global del VI y del VD. Para el análisis de los datos se dividió la población por sexo, y se compararon los datos de SLGVI y SLGVD obtenidos, con los de otra población de referencia internacional. Resultado: se incluyeron 52 pacientes. Los valores del SLG VI: -19,8 ± 1,7%; SLG VD: -20,9% ± 2,9%. La comparación en cuanto a diferencias de medias entre nuestra población y la de referencia internacional para el VI (%) con igual método de análisis: 0,04 (95%IC -0,51 - 0,52; p: 0,98). Comparando con el trabajo de VD (%): -0,5 (95%IC -1,2 - 0,17; p: 0,13). Conclusión: evaluamos en forma detallada la deformación normal del miocardio en una cohorte amplia de voluntarios sanos y expusimos por vez primera para la región y por método de strain (VVI) valores de referencia de SLG y regional del VI y VD. No se encontraron diferencias con series internacionales en la media de SLG del VI y VD.

Background: The global longitudinal strain (SLG) is a useful diagnostic tool in some defined clinical settings. There are several methods for its quantification and scarce references of ¨vector velocity imaging¨ (VVI) that validate their normal values for the left and right ventricle. Objective: To know the SLG of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) normal by VVI method in a healthy population and compare them with international series by the same method, to assess their correlation with other measures of systolic function, measures anthropometric and hemodynamic data. Material and methods: this is a prospective, observational study, that uses longitudinal strain by VVI method in healthy voluntaries. We selected a convenience sample of 57 healthy subjects ­ages ³18 years­ recruited prospectively. A questionnaire and physical examination, Doppler echocardiography, and regional and global longitudinal strain of LV and RV was done. For the analysis of the data the population was divided by sex, and the data of SLGLV and SLGRV obtained was compared with the obtained in a reference international population. Result: 52 patients. The values of the SLG LV: -19.8 ± 1.7; SLG RV: -20.9 ± 2.9. The comparison in terms of mean differences between our population and the international reference for the LV with same method of analysis: 0.04% (95IC -0.51-0.52; p: 0.98). Comparing with the paper of RV: -0.5 (95IC -1,2-0.17; p 0.13). Conclusion: We evaluated in detail the normal deformation of the myocardium in a cohort of healthy volunteers, and expressed for first time to the region by method of strain (VVI) SLG reference values and regional of the LV and RV. Compared with international series, these values have no significant difference with mean SLG of the LV and y RV.

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