RESUMO
This research explores the value proposition of Brazilian non-profits (NPOs) to society, how donors and NPOs perceive value co-creation, and the elements required for value co-creation to occur in a donation context. This study includes case studies with managers and donors from three distinct non-profit organizations in the same sector. We conducted semi-structured interviews, report analysis, and direct observations. The interviews were recorded and typed up for content analysis using the MAXQDA software. The triangulation approach and multilevel data collection contributed to the research's reliability and validity. NPOs propose value through marketing strategies, primarily by humanizing "sales techniques". Donors perceive value co-creation as a beneficial collaborative result. Value co-creation is a way for non-profit organizations to achieve their missions of assisting patients or families in need. Although there is strong evidence of dialogue and transparency elements in the donor-NPO relationship, other factors, such as the individual's background or empathy, stood out more in this context. Academically, this study contributes to the literature by elucidating the phenomena under multiple actor interaction regimes. Furthermore, most studies on value co-creation focus on customer participation and interaction in private organizational processes (i.e., innovation or feedback), leaving gaps for determining and exploring alternative forms of value co-creation. This gap was filled in this study.
RESUMO
Esta pesquisa analisa os efeitos da densidade de organizações sem fins lucrativos (ONGs) e da colaboração entre governo e ONGs no desenvolvimento humano e na desigualdade de renda no Brasil. Estudos de governança afirmam que a colaboração do governo com ONGs leva a melhores resultados sociais. Esta pesquisa testa essa hipótese em 5.562 municípios brasileiros usando modelos lineares e espaciais. Análises espaciais permitem a identificação de efeitos específicos ocorrendo em diferentes regiões. A taxa de convênios entre o governo federal e ONGs em cada município brasileiro está associada a uma diminuição da desigualdade de renda, porém está também associada a uma significativa queda do nível de desenvolvimento humano. A densidade de ONGs de diferentes áreas de atividade apresenta diversas relações com desenvolvimento humano e desigualdade. Esses resultados permitem uma análise mais realista de arranjos de governança, considerando seus impactos nas comunidades e as realidades locais.
Esta investigación analiza los efectos de la densidad de organizaciones sin fines de lucro (ONGs) y de la colaboración entre gobierno y ONGs en el desarrollo humano y desigualdad de renta en Brasil. Estudios de gobernanza afirman que la colaboración del gobierno con ONGs resulta en mejores resultados sociales. La investigación prueba esa hipótesis en 5.562 municipios brasileños utilizando modelos de regresión lineales y espaciales. Los análisis espaciales permiten la identificación de efectos específicos en distintas regiones. La tasa de acuerdos entre el gobierno federal y las ONGs en cada ciudad brasileña se asocia con la disminución de la desigualdad de ingresos, pero también se asocia significativamente con un menor nivel de desarrollo humano. La densidad de ONG de diferentes campos de actividad tiene diferentes relaciones con el desarrollo humano y la desigualdad. Esos resultados permiten un análisis más realista de acuerdos de gobernanza, considerando sus impactos en las comunidades y las realidades locales.
This research analyzes the effects of the density of nonprofit organizations and government-nonprofit collaboration on human development and income inequality in Brazil. Governance studies assume that government-nonprofit collaboration leads to improved societal outcomes. This research tests this hypothesis in 5,562 Brazilian municipalities using ordinary least squares regressions and spatial models. Spatial analysis enables the identification of specific effects occurring across different regions. The rate of contracts between the federal government and nonprofits in each Brazilian municipality is associated with the decrease of income inequality, but it is also significantly associated with a lower level of human development. The density of nonprofits from different fields of activity presents diverse relations with human development and inequality. These results enable a more realistic analysis of governance arrangements, considering their impact over communities and the local realities.