RESUMO
Research on the association between migration and health among nonmigrant family in Jamaica is limited. Data from the 2012 Jamaica Return(ed) Migrants Study (N = 621) and weighted regression models were used to investigate the association between migration and health among left-behind women (n = 323) and men (n = 298) in Jamaica. Compared to women whose children lived in Jamaica, women who had a child abroad reported lower odds of good mental health (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.21, 0.97). Men in this situation were less satisfied with their lives (b = - 2.370, p = 0.031). Women reported better physical (b = - 2.113, p = 0.010) and mental (b = - 3.119, p = 0.039) health scores when a parent, but not a grandparent, lived abroad. Men with a migrant spouse/partner reported significantly more physical illness symptoms than men whose spouse/partner lived in Jamaica (b = 3.215, p = 0.013). Migration exerts disparate health impacts on left-behind family and may disrupt social relationships.
Assuntos
Migrantes , Criança , Família , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Jamaica , Masculino , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
"Moving beyond traditional theories of migration, this paper considers how actual economic, socio-political, and natural events impacted uprooting of people in Ecuador since the 1950s. Major eras of economic growth and economic devolution are represented by Census data for 1982 and 1990. Through these, individual labor force experiences of migrants and stayers, and gender differentials within each group, are considered. Uprooting of people persists forty to fifty years after events initiating its occurrence, and differentially impacts each population group. Gender differentials are noticeably significant among occupational sectors of employment, less so for economic sectors. Predominance and continual growth of informal activities also is apparent, a trend which impacts women more strongly." (SUMMARY IN GER)
Assuntos
Economia , Emprego , Ocupações , Dinâmica Populacional , Fatores Sexuais , Migrantes , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Equador , Emigração e Imigração , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , População , Características da População , América do SulRESUMO
"This article examines the relationships between changes in the volume, relative importance and growth rates of female migration to Santiago [Chile], and modifications in the structure of the female labour market during the past four decades. It also analyzes changes in the characteristics of occupational insertion of migrants as compared to non-migrant women." The author investigates the impact of modernization, education, access to contraceptives, rural labor markets, and development strategies. (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Assuntos
Educação , Emprego , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Dinâmica Populacional , Mudança Social , Migrantes , América , Chile , Anticoncepção , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Emigração e Imigração , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Mão de Obra em Saúde , América Latina , População , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
"At the aggregate level, return migrants in Puerto Rico in 1970 and 1980 faced greater employment-related difficulties, as compared with nonmigrants. This article explores the individual-level relationship of return migrant status to employment outcomes. The conceptual framework takes into consideration local and regional contextual factors, particularly the employment conditions prevailing in Puerto Rico during this period. Within this framework, specific hypotheses suggest a negative influence of return migrant status.... The findings substantiate the hypotheses for both census years and indicate the importance of the duration of residence in the United States and the timing of the return move as mediating factors."
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Emprego , Fatores de Tempo , Migrantes , América , Região do Caribe , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , América do Norte , População , Dinâmica Populacional , Porto Rico , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
"This paper examines migration to Oaxaca City, an intermediate city in southern Mexico, and describes the differences between migrants and non-migrants. The data show that migrants to Oaxaca City tend to come from district capitals rather than more rural municipios. Once in Oaxaca, migrants are not as different from non-migrants as is commonly asserted in the literature."
Assuntos
Dinâmica Populacional , Migrantes , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Emigração e Imigração , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , PesquisaRESUMO
PIP: The effects of migration on fertility in Ecuador were analyzed by subdividing migrant categories into permanent-, return-, circular-, and non-migrants, and context factors into 6 socioeconomic and agrarian variables. The study is introduced with a conceptual framework that explains personal intermediate variables and their influence on fertility in terms of demographic transition theory, and then defines the influences of selection for fertility, disruption of marital unions, and socialization into fertility norms at the origin vs. assimilation of norms at the destination. Migrants are usually better educated, younger and upwardly mobile, all selecting for lower fertility. Migration disrupts formation of marital unions, and causes separation of spouses, lowering fertility. Data for this study were from the 1974 and 1982 Ecuadorian Population Censuses. The contextual variables analyzed were urban/rural; manufacturing/agricultural; mineral extraction/economic recession; long/recent agricultural settlement; domestic/export crop; and large/medium sized farm. The analysis of personal attributes showed that fertility increased over the range on non-migrants through circular-, return- to permanent-migrants, a finding explained by degrees of disruption of unions. Higher fertility was associated with less education, lower economic participation, higher prevalence of marriage, longer residence and older ages. Regression analysis also showed that personal attributes outweighed contextual factors: thus age, marriage rates, residence time, education and economic activity were significant. Contextual factors were important only for non-migrants, except for destination variables which affected return-migrants and origin variables which affected circular-migrants. Low fertility was associated with urbanization, industrialization, mineral extraction, large farms, recent farm settlement and export crops. The results indicate cear influences of modernity and place influences on fertility of migrants.^ieng
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Agricultura , Divórcio , Escolaridade , Emigração e Imigração , Emprego , Fertilidade , Geografia , Indústrias , Casamento , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Análise de Regressão , Pesquisa , População Rural , Mudança Social , Estatística como Assunto , Migrantes , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Equador , América Latina , População , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , América do SulRESUMO
"This paper examines characteristics of recent rural-urban out-migrants leaving households in the Sierra of Ecuador. A large, household survey focussing specifically on migration is utilized, allowing detailed crosstabulations by sex and origin-destination combination and providing information about migrants generally not found in more generic surveys or censuses. Differences are noted between migrants and non-migrants in basic demographic characteristics, reasons for migrating, and economic activities prior to and subsequent to moving. Differences in the characteristics of migrants moving between various types of place of origin and place of destination are also noted." (SUMMARY IN ENG)
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Características da Família , Motivação , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Migrantes , América , Comportamento , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , Equador , América Latina , População , Psicologia , América do SulRESUMO
PIP: The great migration of Puerto Ricans to the US occurred during the 1950s, when there was promise of employment in the US. Migration decreased in the 1960s when the promise of employment decreased. Many Puerto Ricans returned to the island during the 1960s and 1970s because they could not find work on the mainland; return migration has continued for the last 12 years. The migrant student population in Puerto Rico is composed of migrants, return migrants, and circulatory migrants. The circulatory migrants are those children of Puerto Rican parents who have traveled to and from the island to the mainland several times; these migrants are not served by either educational system. A program that serves the circulatory migrant students is the Puerto Rico Migrant Education Program. 3 factors influence return migration: 1) the shorter the distance of emigration, the higher the incidence of return migration; 2) the longer the emigrants stay away, the less chance they will return; and 3) changes in the economic balance between the place of origin and the place of destination directly affect the volume of return migration. A source of conflict in the adjustment of Puerto Rican return migrants is the difference in cultural values of the 2 settings in which the return migrant student has to live. This study of 273 students shows that there were differences between nonmigrants and circulatory migrants in reading achievement. There were a large number of young people with serious reading problems in their primary school language (English) and the 2nd language (Spanish). A negative relationship between physical adjustment and reading achievement suggests that achievement in reading will increase as soon as the physical adjustment takes place.^ieng
Assuntos
Adolescente , Comportamento , Educação , Emigração e Imigração , Serviços de Informação , Ajustamento Social , Migrantes , Fatores Etários , América , Região do Caribe , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Escolaridade , Planejamento em Saúde , América Latina , América do Norte , Organização e Administração , População , Características da População , Dinâmica Populacional , Psicologia , Porto Rico , Comportamento Social , Estados UnidosRESUMO
PIP: This study, based on Brazilian data from 1976, compared the fertility of migrants and stayers at both origin and destination areas. Observed patterns of fertility differentials were then analyzed in terms of 4 hypotheses of fertility behavior focused on processes of socialization, adaptation, selectivity, and disruption. In the study sample, 31% of migrants moved from rural to urban areas, 45% of moves were between urban areas, and 20% of moves were between rural areas. Among rural-to-urban migrants, only 1/3 moved from traditional to modern regions. To uncover the main patterns of migrant and stayer fertility differentials in the study population, the major flows of migrants by origin and destination were disaggregated by recency of migration, education, and age. The overall conclusions were as follows: 1) rural-urban migration flows need to be disaggregated into various modern/traditional cross-classifications (e.g., modern-rural, traditional-urban, frontier-urban) and greater emphasis needs to be placed on rural-urban, urban-urban, and rural-rural flows; 2) no robust quantitative measures of migrant-stayer fertility differentials held across migrant groups, implying that migrants differing in terms of age, education, origin, and destination are likely to behave in significantly variable fashion with regard to stayer standards of fertility behavior; 3) migrant groups with overall lower fertility levels, such as the young and better educated, are less likely to experience significant fertility reduction to bridge the origin/destination fertility gap; 4) rural-to-rural migrants do not appear to experience any lasting fertility reduction even when they move to areas with lower overall fertility rates; 5) urban-to-rural migrants tend to bridge a larger fraction of the uphill fertility gap than rural-to-urban migrants; and 6) there was evidence of partial adaptation for most migrant categories once disruption effects disappear and evidence consistent with the socialization hypothesis (no fertility reduction for at least 1 generation) was apparent for migrants originating in the least developed parts of Brazil, the frontier region, and the traditional-rural region.^ieng
Assuntos
Comportamento , Coeficiente de Natalidade , Demografia , Economia , Emigração e Imigração , Fertilidade , Geografia , Dinâmica Populacional , População , Comportamento Sexual , Migrantes , Fatores Etários , América , Brasil , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Escolaridade , América Latina , Estado Civil , População Rural , América do Sul , População UrbanaAssuntos
Nível de Saúde , Saúde , Migrantes , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Bolívia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PIP: Migration and poverty in Northeast Brazil are studied using data from a survey conducted in 1974-1975 in the barrios of three cities. Information on employment and living conditions of migrants is compared with data for the native population.^ieng