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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with reduced energy level content, supplemented with carbohydrase, on broiler performance and the coefficient of metabolizability of nutrients. A total of 720 one-day-old male Cobb-500 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight repetitions of 15 birds each. The treatments were: (1) a positive control, basal diet to meet the requirements of broiler chickens (PC); (2) a negative control, basal diet with a reduction of 80 kcal kg-1 (NC); (3) NC + alphagalactosydase; (4) NC + xylanase; (5) NC + xylanase and alphagalactosydase, and (6) NC + enzymatic blend (alphagalactosydase, xylanase, pectinase and amylase). The nutrient digestibility was not improved by use of enzymes. At 7 days of age, the broilers which were fed diets supplemented with enzymes showed a lower feed intake (FI) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the broilers fed on PC. Both the NC and enzymatic blend resulted in a worse performance of the broilers at 21, 35 and 42 days old. The use of alphagalactosydase and xylanase, isolated or in combination, in a corn-soybean meal-based diet is effective in improving the growth performance of broilers fed energy-reduced diets.(AU)

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Abstract Background: Weaning is the most stressful event in pig's life, resulting in postweaning diarrhea and growth retardation. The supplementation of Advanced Digestion Enhancing Protein Plus Technology (ADEPPTTM), which contains iron-binding polypeptides and non-starch polysaccharides, to nursery diets may reduce the occurrence of diarrhea and enhance growth performance of weaning pigs. Objective: To evaluate the effect of ADEPPTTM supplementation on growth performance and fecal score in weaning pigs. Methods: At weaning, a total of 54 weaning pigs (initial body weight: 7.42 ± 0.52 kg) were assigned to 3 treatments in 3 replicates with 6 pigs per pen based on sex, breed, and body weight for a 28-d feeding trial. The pigs were fed corn- soybean meal-based diets containing 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0% of the ADEPPTTM product in 2 phases (d 0-14 and d 15-28 postweaning, respectively). In the first week (d 3-5 postweaning) of the trial, a pig was removed from each pen when diarrhea was observed, housed in a separate pen within treatment, and then treated for 3 days with a 100-ml solution of electrolytes and ADEPPTTM by drenching. Growth performance and fecal score (1=normal to 4=watery diarrhea) were measured. Results: In the feeding trial, there were no significant differences in body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake throughout the overall period. However, a quadratic trend was observed in gain to feed ratio (p=0.09) for d 0-7 postweaning and overall period with increasing ADEPPTTM supplementation levels in which the greatest value was observed in the 0.5% ADEPPTTM level. The fecal score tended to decrease linearly with increasing ADEPPTTM levels during d 0-7 (p=0.11) and 0-14 (p=0.12) postweaning. There was no significant difference on fecal score of diarrheic pigs and average daily gain tended to increase linearly in d 21-28 postweaning (p=0.08) with increasing ADEPPTTM levels. Conclusion: These results indicate that 0.5% ADEPPTTM supplementation has a potential to enhance growth performance of weaning pigs and might be effective to prevent and control postweaning diarrhea.

Resumen Antecedentes: El destete es el evento más estresante en la vida de los cerdos, resultando en diarrea posdestete y retraso en el crecimiento. La suplementación de dietas de destete con el producto Advanced Digestion Enhancing Protein Plus Technology (ADEPPTTM), el cual contiene polipéptidos ligantes de hierro y polisacáridos no amiláceos, puede reducir la aparición de diarrea y mejorar el crecimiento de los lechones destetados. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con ADEPPTTM sobre el crecimiento y la puntuación fecal en lechones destetados. Métodos: Al destete, se asignó un total de 54 cerdos (peso corporal inicial: 7,42 ± 0,52 kg) a 3 tratamientos, en 3 repeticiones, con 6 cerdos por corral, según sexo, raza y peso corporal para una prueba de alimentación de 28 días. Los cerdos se alimentaron con dietas a base de harina de maíz y soja que contenían 0,0, 0,5 y 1,0% de ADEPPTTM en 2 fases (d 0-14 y d 15-28 post-destete, respectivamente). En la primera semana del ensayo (d 3-5 después del destete) se extrajo de cada corral un cerdo con diarrea, se colocó en corral separado y luego se trató con una solución de 100 ml de electrolitos y ADEPPTTM, vía oral, durante 3 días. Se evaluaron el rendimiento del crecimiento y la puntuación fecal (1=normal a 4=diarrea acuosa). Resultados: En la prueba de alimentación no hubo diferencia significativa en el peso corporal, ganancia diaria o ingesta diaria de alimento. Sin embargo, se observó una tendencia cuadrática en la relación ganancia de peso: consumo de alimento (p=0,09) para los días 0-7 post-destete y el total del periodo con niveles crecientes de suplementación con ADEPPTTM, observándose el mayor valor en el nivel 0,5% de ADEPPTTM. La puntuación fecal tendió a disminuir linealmente con la suplementación incremental de ADEPPTTM durante los días 0-7 (p=0,11) y 0-14 (p=0,12) post- destete. No hubo diferencias significativas en la puntuación fecal de los cerdos con diarrea, mientras que la ganancia diaria tendió a aumentar linealmente en los días 21-28 post-destete (p=0,08) al aumentar los niveles de ADEPPTTM. Conclusión: Estos resultados indican que la suplementación con ADEPPTTM al 0,5% podría mejorar el rendimiento de crecimiento de los lechones destetados y ser eficaz para reducir la incidencia de diarrea post-destete.

Resumo Antecedentes: O desmame é o evento mais estressante na vida dos suínos, resultando em diarreia pós-desmame e retardo de crescimento. Suplementar as dietas de desmame com Advanced Digestion Enhancing Protein Plus Technology (ADEPPTTM), que contém polipeptídeos ligantes de ferro e polissacarídeos não amiláceos, pode reduzir a ocorrência de diarreia e melhorar o crescimento de leitões desmamados. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação de ADEPPTTM sobre o crescimento e o índice fecal de leitões desmamados. Métodos: Ao desmame, um total de 54 porcos (peso corporal inicial: 7,42 ± 0,52 kg) foram alocados em 3 tratamentos, em 3 repetições, com 6 porcos por curral, de acordo com sexo, raça e peso corporal para um teste de 28 dias alimentando. Os porcos foram alimentados com dietas à base de milho e farelo de soja contendo 0,0, 0,5 e 1,0% de ADEPPTTM em 2 fases (d 0-14 e d 15-28 pós-desmame, respectivamente). Na primeira semana do experimento (3-5 dias após o desmame), um porco com diarreia foi retirado de cada baia, colocado em baia separada e então tratado com uma solução de 100 ml de eletrólitos e ADEPPTTM, por via oral, por 3 dias. O desempenho do crescimento e a pontuação fecal (1=normal a 4=diarreia aquosa) foram avaliados. Resultados: No teste de alimentação não houve diferença significativa no peso corporal, ganho diário ou ingestão alimentar diária. No entanto, foi observada uma tendência quadrática no ganho de peso: relação do consumo de ração (p=0,09) para os dias 0-7 pós-desmame e o período total com níveis crescentes de suplementação com ADEPPTTM, com o maior valor sendo observado no nível de Suplementação de 0,5% com ADEPPTTM. O escore fecal tendeu a diminuir linearmente com a suplementação incremental de ADEPPTTM durante os dias 0-7 (p=0,11) e 0-14 (p=0,12) pós-desmame. Não houve diferenças significativas no escore fecal dos porcos com diarreia, enquanto o ganho diário tendeu a aumentar linearmente nos dias 21-28 pós-desmame (p=0,08) com níveis crescentes de suplementação com ADEPPTTM. Conclusão: Esses resultados indicam que a suplementação com 0,5% de ADEPPTTM pode melhorar o desempenho de crescimento de leitões desmamados e ser eficaz na redução da incidência de diarreia pós-desmame.

RESUMO

Palm kernel cake (PKC) is an abundant side stream that can only be added to non-ruminant feed in small concentrations due to its content of antinutritional factors, mainly galactomannan, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. ß-mannanases can be added to partially hydrolyze galactomannan to form mannose oligosaccharides, which are known to be prebiotic. We here investigate the action of a ß-mannanase from B. subtilis on PKC by colorimetry, NMR and fluorescence microscopy. The amount of mannan oligosaccharides in solution was significantly increased by the ß-mannanase and their degree of polymerization (DP) was significantly reduced. There was a dose-response behavior in that larger ß-mannanase concentrations increased the amount of soluble mannose oligosaccharides while reducing their average DP. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, solubilization of galactomannan in PKC was clearly visualized. Images show a clear disruption of the cellulose and galactomannan structures of the PKC cell walls. We thus show in this study that using commercial dosages of ß-mannanase on PKC can lead to formation of prebiotic compounds. Thus, this study suggests that utilization of PKC in poultry feed formulation might be increased by addition of a ß-mannanase and would improve the return on investment.

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Broiler diets are based on corn, soybean and wheat production; however, some protein ingredients have many antinutritional factors and low digestibility. The objective of this study was to add a blend of exogenous enzymes to the feed with low nutritional value for broilers to reduce production costs and improve digestibility while maintaining good zootechnical performance. The experimental design was completely randomized, including three treatments with five replications (n=15) each: a) positive control (PC), diet calculated for males with average performance; b) negative control + exogenous enzymes (NC+EE), minimum nutrient diet according to the requirements of the production phase, and the enzymatic blend was added; and c) negative control (NC), minimum levels of nutrients for each phase. At 21 days, the PC group showed greater weight gain and lower feed conversion than the NC (P<0.05). At 42 days, PC had lower feed intake than NC (P=0.040), while lower feed conversion was observed in groups PC and NC+EE than NC (P=0.001). The production efficiency index was higher in the PC treatment, but the NC+EE treatment was higher than the NC (P=0.001). Considering production costs and body weight, we found that NC+EE birds had greater profitability. Therefore, we conclude that the blend of exogenous enzymes added to a diet with minimal nutritional levels has practical application in the broiler production system.(AU)

As dietas de frangos de corte são baseadas na produção de milho, soja e trigo; no entanto, alguns ingredientes proteicos possuem muitos fatores antinutricionais e baixa digestibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi adicionar à ração uma mistura de enzimas exógenas com baixo valor nutricional para frangos de corte para reduzir os custos de produção e melhorar a digestibilidade, mantendo o bom desempenho zootécnico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, incluindo três tratamentos com cinco repetições (n=15) cada: a) controle positivo (PC), dieta calculada para machos com desempenho médio; b) controle negativo + enzimas exógenas (CN+EE), dieta mínima de nutrientes de acordo com as exigências da fase de produção, e foi adicionada a mistura enzimática; c) controle negativo (CN), teores mínimos de nutrientes para cada fase. Aos 21 dias, o grupo PC apresentou maior ganho de peso e menor conversão alimentar que o NC (P<0,05). Aos 42 dias, PC apresentou menor consumo de ração que NC (P=0,040), enquanto foi observada menor conversão alimentar nos grupos PC e NC+EE que NC (P=0,001). O índice de eficiência de produção foi maior no tratamento PC, mas o tratamento NC+EE foi maior que o NC (P=0,001). Considerando os custos de produção e peso corporal, verificamos que as aves NC+EE tiveram maior rentabilidade. Portanto, concluímos que a mistura de enzimas exógenas adicionada a uma dieta com níveis nutricionais mínimos tem aplicação prática no sistema de produção de frangos de corte.(AU)

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Abstract Background: Alternative feed ingredients are widely used in swine diets to lower feed costs, but these ingredients contain a large quantity of non-starch polysaccharides. Supplemental xylanase is known to break down non-starch polysaccharides. However, the effects of exogenous xylanase from Bacillus subtilis on various feed ingredients have rarely been compared. Objective: To evaluate the effects of supplemental xylanase on in vitro disappearance of dry matter (DM) in various feed ingredients for pigs. Methods: Nine feed ingredients were used to measure in vitro ileal disappearance and in vitro total tract disappearance of DM. Each ground ingredient was supplemented with either supplemental xylanase (9,000 U/g) or cornstarch at 1.0%. Results: Supplemental xylanase increased in vitro ileal disappearance of DM in wheat, barley, wheat flour, and wheat bran (p<0.05). The in vitro total tract disappearance of DM for barley and wheat bran increased with xylanase addition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exogenous xylanase could increase in vitro ileal DM disappearance in barley, wheat, wheat flour, and wheat bran, but did not affect in vitro total tract DM disappearance in wheat and wheat flour.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los ingredientes alternativos se utilizan ampliamente en las dietas porcinas para reducir los costos del pienso, pero estos ingredientes contienen una gran cantidad de polisacáridos no-amiláceos. Se sabe que la xilanasa suplementaria descompone los polisacáridos diferentes al almidón. Sin embargo, rara vez se han comparado los efectos de la xilanasa exógena de Bacillus subtilis en algunos ingredientes del alimento. Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de la xilanasa suplementaria sobre la desaparición in vitro de la materia seca (MS) en varios ingredientes alimentarios para cerdos. Métodos: Se utilizaron nueve ingredientes del alimento para medir la desaparición ileal in vitro y la desaparición del tracto total in vitro de MS. Cada ingrediente molido se complementó con xilanasa suplementaria (9,000 U/g) o almidón de maíz al 1,0%. Resultados: La xilanasa suplementaria aumentó la desaparición ileal in vitro de MS en trigo, cebada, harina de trigo y salvado de trigo (p<0,05). La desaparición de tracto total de MS in vitro para la cebada y el salvado de trigo aumentó con la adición de xilanasa (p<0,05). Conclusión: La xilanasa exógena podría aumentar la desaparición de la MS ileal in vitro en cebada, trigo, harina de trigo y salvado de trigo, pero no afecta la desaparición de la MS en tracto total in vitro del trigo y la harina de trigo.

Resumo Antecedentes: Ingredientes alternativos para rações são amplamente usados em dietas para suínos para reduzir os custos da alimentação, mas esses ingredientes contêm uma grande quantidade de polissacarídeos não amiláceos. A xilanase suplementar é conhecida por quebrar polissacarídeos não amiláceos. No entanto, os efeitos da xilanase exógena de Bacillus subtilis em vários ingredientes da ração raramente foram comparados. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da xilanase suplementar no desaparecimento in vitro da matéria seca (MS) em vários ingredientesde rações para suínos. Métodos: Nove ingredientes da ração foram usados para medir o desaparecimento ileal in vitro e o desaparecimento de MS in vitro do trato total. Cada ingrediente moído foi suplementado com xilanase suplementar (9.000 U/g) ou amido de milhoa 1,0%. Resultados: A xilanase suplementar aumentou o desaparecimento ileal in vitro de MS em trigo, cevada, farinha de trigo e farelo de trigo (p<0,05). O desaparecimento in vitro de MS do trato total para cevada e farelo de trigo aumentou com a adição de xilanase (p<0,05). Conclusão: A xilanase exógena pode aumentar o desaparecimento in vitro da MS ileal em cevada, trigo, farinha de trigo e farelo de trigo, mas não afetou o desaparecimento in vitro do trato total da MS no trigo e na farinha de trigo.

RESUMO

The use of alternative ingredients has been increasing in a continuing attempt to reduce production costs, along with the use of additives, such as carbohydrases, for their possible positive effects on nutrient metabolization by layers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different xylanases in diets with reduced metabolizable energy (ME) and the inclusion of alternative ingredients on the metabolizability of nutrients in diets for commercial laying hens, by conducting two metabolism tests. In the first trial, 100 layers hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design (two metabolizable energy reductions × two xylanases, plus one control diet). In the second assay, 140 layer hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 3 + 2 factor design (two xylanases× three ingredients, plus two control diets, positive and negative). It was concluded that supplementation with pantanal xylanase improved the metabolizability of nutrients in corn-based diets and soybean meal for light commercial layers, allowing for a reduction of up to 200 kcal/kg of ME in the diets. Xylanases are more effective on wheat bran enabling a decrease of 150 kcal/kg of ME in commercial laying diets without affecting nutrient metabolizability. The action of pantanal xylanase in diets containing fibrous ingredients was similar to that of commercial xylanase.

O uso de ingredientes alternativos vem aumentando em uma tentativa contínua de reduzir os custos de produção, juntamente com o uso de aditivos, como os carboidrases, para seus possíveis efeitos positivos na metabolização de nutrientes por poedeiras. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes xilanases em dietas com energia metabolizável reduzida (ME) e a inclusão de ingredientes alternativos sobre a metabolizabilidade de nutrientes em dietas para galinhas poedeiras comerciais, realizando dois testes de metabolismo. No primeiro ensaio, 100 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 (duas reduções de energia metabolizável x duas xilanases, mais uma dieta controle). No segundo ensaio, 140 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 2 (duas xilanases x três ingredientes -, mais duas dietas controle positivo e controle negativo). Conclui-se que a suplementação com xilanase do Pantanal melhora a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes de dietas a base de milho e farelo de soja para poedeiras comerciais leves, possibilitando a redução em até 200 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável das dietas. As xilanases são mais efetivas sobre o farelo de trigo e possibilitam a redução de 150 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável nas dietas de poedeiras comerciais, sem prejuízo na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes. Em dietas contendo ingredientes fibrosos a ação da xilanase do Pantanal é similar a xilanase comercial.

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RESUMO

The use of alternative ingredients has been increasing in a continuing attempt to reduce production costs, along with the use of additives, such as carbohydrases, for their possible positive effects on nutrient metabolization by layers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different xylanases in diets with reduced metabolizable energy (ME) and the inclusion of alternative ingredients on the metabolizability of nutrients in diets for commercial laying hens, by conducting two metabolism tests. In the first trial, 100 layers hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design (two metabolizable energy reductions × two xylanases, plus one control diet). In the second assay, 140 layer hens were distributed in a fully randomized 2 × 3 + 2 factor design (two xylanases× three ingredients, plus two control diets, positive and negative). It was concluded that supplementation with pantanal xylanase improved the metabolizability of nutrients in corn-based diets and soybean meal for light commercial layers, allowing for a reduction of up to 200 kcal/kg of ME in the diets. Xylanases are more effective on wheat bran enabling a decrease of 150 kcal/kg of ME in commercial laying diets without affecting nutrient metabolizability. The action of pantanal xylanase in diets containing fibrous ingredients was similar to that of commercial xylanase.(AU)

O uso de ingredientes alternativos vem aumentando em uma tentativa contínua de reduzir os custos de produção, juntamente com o uso de aditivos, como os carboidrases, para seus possíveis efeitos positivos na metabolização de nutrientes por poedeiras. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes xilanases em dietas com energia metabolizável reduzida (ME) e a inclusão de ingredientes alternativos sobre a metabolizabilidade de nutrientes em dietas para galinhas poedeiras comerciais, realizando dois testes de metabolismo. No primeiro ensaio, 100 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 + 1 (duas reduções de energia metabolizável x duas xilanases, mais uma dieta controle). No segundo ensaio, 140 aves foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 + 2 (duas xilanases x três ingredientes -, mais duas dietas controle positivo e controle negativo). Conclui-se que a suplementação com xilanase do Pantanal melhora a metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes de dietas a base de milho e farelo de soja para poedeiras comerciais leves, possibilitando a redução em até 200 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável das dietas. As xilanases são mais efetivas sobre o farelo de trigo e possibilitam a redução de 150 Kcal/kg de energia metabolizável nas dietas de poedeiras comerciais, sem prejuízo na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes. Em dietas contendo ingredientes fibrosos a ação da xilanase do Pantanal é similar a xilanase comercial.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) content, in vitro digestibility of starch, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn ), and apparent and apparent nitrogen-corrected coefficient of metabolizable energy (ACME and ACMEn ) of three corn hybrids dried at different temperatures in the diets of broiler chickens. The energetic values were determined by the total collection of excreta method, using broilers from 11 to 21 d, placed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (three corn hybrids and two drying temperatures: 80 and 110 °C), totalizing six treatments, seven replicates, and four birds/replicate. The data were subjected to two-way ANOVA. There was an interaction between the two factors tested wherein the AME and AMEn were increased when using corn Hybrid 1 dried at 80 °C. As main effects, the use of corn Hybrid 3 increased ACME and ACMEn . The drying temperature of 110 °C increased amylose, resistant starch, and nitrogen bound to the fiber contents, and reduced soluble:total NSP ratio. These changes may be responsible for the differences in digestibility of nutrients. The mean values of AME and AMEn of corn dried at 80 and 110 °C were 14.03 and 13.84 MJ/kg, respectively, and 81.62 and 80.53% for ACME and ACMEn , respectively.

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The objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of different dietary fiber sources and the usage of xylanase on diet of commercial layers and their influence on productive performance, egg quality, and digestive organ biometry. A total of 864 Lohmann® White hens was fed diets with three different fiber sources (wheat bran, soybean hull, or coffee husk) with or without xylanase inclusion (concentration of 160,000 BXU/g) in a 3×2 factorial arrangement, with six replicates of 24 birds each, from 25 to 44 weeks of age. There were no interactions between dietary fiber and xylanase inclusion. The enzyme supplementation did not influence any parameters evaluated. There were dietary fiber effects on body weight gain, viability, egg weight, eggshell quality, yolk pigmentation, and liver and gizzard relative weights. Wheat bran, soybean hull, and coffee husk can be used in laying hen diets without detrimental effect on productive performance. The enzyme used had no effect on the performance and eggshell quality of laying hens.(AU)

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The objective was to evaluate the performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield of broilers fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or corn-SBM-soybean hull (SH) with or without b-mannanase supplementation. Thousand four hundred and forty Cobb Slow-male- chicks were housed design following a factorial scheme 2 x 2 (corn-SBM diet and corn-SBM-SH diet vs with and without b-mannanase), composing 4 treatments and 9 replicates each treatment, with 40 birds each replicate. At 21 days, corn-SBM diet supplemented with b-mannanase resulted in better (p0.05) in the quality of the poultry litter with the inclusion of the enzyme in the diet. The use of b-mannanase in diets with higher concentration of fiber improves the feed conversion of broilers from 1 to 21 days and can be an important nutritional and economic strategy in situations of unavailability of raw material of better quality. Corn-SBM-SH diet resulted in greater weight gain at 42 days than corn-SBM diet.

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The objective was to evaluate the performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield of broilers fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet or corn-SBM-soybean hull (SH) with or without b-mannanase supplementation. Thousand four hundred and forty Cobb Slow-male- chicks were housed design following a factorial scheme 2 x 2 (corn-SBM diet and corn-SBM-SH diet vs with and without b-mannanase), composing 4 treatments and 9 replicates each treatment, with 40 birds each replicate. At 21 days, corn-SBM diet supplemented with b-mannanase resulted in better (p<0.05) feed conversion. At 42 days, the weight gain (p<0.05) and feed intake (p<0.05) of the birds fed diets containing SH was 2.6% and 2.9% higher than that of birds fed corn-SBM diets, respectively, independent of b-mannanase supplementation. Birds supplemented with b-mannanase had a lower length of villi (p<0.05) and absorption area (p<0.05) of jejunum mucosa, and higher (p<0.05) relative liver weight. Diets with SH and without addition of b-mannanase resulted in higher relative liver weight (p<0.05) and lower percentage of fat in the carcass. It was not found statistical differences (p>0.05) in the quality of the poultry litter with the inclusion of the enzyme in the diet. The use of b-mannanase in diets with higher concentration of fiber improves the feed conversion of broilers from 1 to 21 days and can be an important nutritional and economic strategy in situations of unavailability of raw material of better quality. Corn-SBM-SH diet resulted in greater weight gain at 42 days than corn-SBM diet.(AU)

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Some diet components, such as certain indigestible polysaccharides from edible plants, may interact with the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and improve the host immune response to pathogens. The non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from bananas are non-digestible carbohydrates that resemble some immunomodulatory polysaccharides occurring in the cell wall of cereals. Based on this similarity, the effects of the water-soluble NSP from two banana cultivars (Nanicão and Thap Maeo) on the phagocytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines produced by cultured macrophages were investigated. An investigation into the monosaccharide composition and the oligomers released by enzymatic hydrolysis of the ultra-filtered fraction above 50kDa and the heat-treated fraction of water-soluble NSP from both cultivars revealed they are mostly composed of mannan and galacturonans (homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan). The NSP tested were able to activate the macrophages, but the effects on the phagocytic activity and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide production were dependent on the polysaccharide concentration and the cultivar origin. Despite some specific differences, the NSP from Nanicão and Thap Maeo banana fruits may be considered prospective food immunomodulators, which contribute to the promotion of a more responsive immune system.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of giant palm meal (FPG) in diets with or without enzymatic supplementation for growing pigs. For the evaluation of the digestibility, ten castrated male pigs with a mean weight of 34.3±6.7 kg, housed in metabolic cages for 15 days (nine of adaptation and six of total collection of feces and urine) were used. The animals were fed twice a day (eight and 15 hours) according to the metabolic weight, five of which received the control diet and five received a test diet with a 30% inclusion of the FPG. The samples were taken daily, homogenized and a 20% aliquot was taken and stored in a freezer. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed in the laboratory of animal nutrition. In the performance test, twenty animals with 28.62±3.66kg were used, distributed in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of inclusion levels of the giant palm meal, associated or not to the enzymatic complex (EC) (0; 5; 10; 5 + EC and 10% + EC). The FPG digestible energy value for pigs in the growing phase was 1113.83 kcal/kg. It was observed that the weight gain and the absolute weight of the organs of the pigs were not influenced by the diets. Feed conversion, feed intake, economic viability of the diets and the relative weight of the organs presented differences between the treatments. It is recommended to include 10% FPG associated with the complex.

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do farelo de palma gigante (FPG) em dietas com ou sem suplementação enzimática para suínos em crescimento. Para avaliação da digestibilidade foram utilizados dez suínos machos castrados com peso médio de 34,3 ± 6,7kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por quinze dias (nove de adaptação e seis de coleta total de fezes e urina). Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (oito e 15hs) de acordo com o peso metabólico, sendo que cinco receberam a ração controle e cinco receberam dieta teste com 30% de inclusão do FPG. As coletas foram realizadas diariamente, homogeneizadas e retirada uma alíquota de 20% e armazenada em freezer. Posteriormente, as amostras foram analisadas no laboratório de nutrição animal. No ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados vinte animais com 28,62 ± 3,66kg, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de inclusão do farelo de palma gigante, associado ou não ao complexo enzimático (CE) (0; 5; 10; 5 + CE e 10% + CE). O valor da energia digestível do FPG para suínos na fase de crescimento foi de 1113,83 kcal/kg. Observou-se que o ganho de peso e o peso absoluto dos órgãos dos suínos não foram influenciados pelas dietas. A conversão alimentar, o consumo de ração, a viabilidade econômica das dietas e o peso relativo dos órgãos apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. Recomenda-se a inclusão de 10% de FPG associado ao complexo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of giant palm meal (FPG) in diets with or without enzymatic supplementation for growing pigs. For the evaluation of the digestibility, ten castrated male pigs with a mean weight of 34.3±6.7 kg, housed in metabolic cages for 15 days (nine of adaptation and six of total collection of feces and urine) were used. The animals were fed twice a day (eight and 15 hours) according to the metabolic weight, five of which received the control diet and five received a test diet with a 30% inclusion of the FPG. The samples were taken daily, homogenized and a 20% aliquot was taken and stored in a freezer. Subsequently, the samples were analyzed in the laboratory of animal nutrition. In the performance test, twenty animals with 28.62±3.66kg were used, distributed in randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of inclusion levels of the giant palm meal, associated or not to the enzymatic complex (EC) (0; 5; 10; 5 + EC and 10% + EC). The FPG digestible energy value for pigs in the growing phase was 1113.83 kcal/kg. It was observed that the weight gain and the absolute weight of the organs of the pigs were not influenced by the diets. Feed conversion, feed intake, economic viability of the diets and the relative weight of the organs presented differences between the treatments. It is recommended to include 10% FPG associated with the complex.(AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a utilização do farelo de palma gigante (FPG) em dietas com ou sem suplementação enzimática para suínos em crescimento. Para avaliação da digestibilidade foram utilizados dez suínos machos castrados com peso médio de 34,3 ± 6,7kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas por quinze dias (nove de adaptação e seis de coleta total de fezes e urina). Os animais foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (oito e 15hs) de acordo com o peso metabólico, sendo que cinco receberam a ração controle e cinco receberam dieta teste com 30% de inclusão do FPG. As coletas foram realizadas diariamente, homogeneizadas e retirada uma alíquota de 20% e armazenada em freezer. Posteriormente, as amostras foram analisadas no laboratório de nutrição animal. No ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados vinte animais com 28,62 ± 3,66kg, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de inclusão do farelo de palma gigante, associado ou não ao complexo enzimático (CE) (0; 5; 10; 5 + CE e 10% + CE). O valor da energia digestível do FPG para suínos na fase de crescimento foi de 1113,83 kcal/kg. Observou-se que o ganho de peso e o peso absoluto dos órgãos dos suínos não foram influenciados pelas dietas. A conversão alimentar, o consumo de ração, a viabilidade econômica das dietas e o peso relativo dos órgãos apresentaram diferenças entre os tratamentos. Recomenda-se a inclusão de 10% de FPG associado ao complexo.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of adding a commercial multi-enzyme complex to conventional and alternative broiler diets on the immune response and occurrence of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. In total, 900 male broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, with six treatments of six replicates each. Two control diets were formulated: one with conventional feedstuffs (T1), based on corn and soybean meal, and one with alternative feedstuffs (T4), containing corn, millet, and soybean, canola and sunflower meals. Based on these diets, other four were prepared with reduced metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and available phosphorus levels and the addition (T3 and T6) or not (T2 and T5) of a multi-enzyme complex. Broilers fed diets based on conventional feedstuffs had higher levels of defense cells compared with those fed diets that included millet with canola and sunflower meals. On the other hand, the use of enzymes in conventional or alternative diets decreased the number of these cells in the ileal mucosa.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of adding a commercial multi-enzyme complex to conventional and alternative broiler diets on the immune response and occurrence of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. In total, 900 male broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, with six treatments of six replicates each. Two control diets were formulated: one with conventional feedstuffs (T1), based on corn and soybean meal, and one with alternative feedstuffs (T4), containing corn, millet, and soybean, canola and sunflower meals. Based on these diets, other four were prepared with reduced metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and available phosphorus levels and the addition (T3 and T6) or not (T2 and T5) of a multi-enzyme complex. Broilers fed diets based on conventional feedstuffs had higher levels of defense cells compared with those fed diets that included millet with canola and sunflower meals. On the other hand, the use of enzymes in conventional or alternative diets decreased the number of these cells in the ileal mucosa.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

This study was conducted out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of animal protein (PBOA) for crude protein demucilaged linseed meal (PBFLD) and in nature (PBFL) in the diet of jundiá on growth parameters and digestive enzyme. The treatments were: control diet; 17%FL (linseed meal in nature):17% replacement of the PBOA by PBFL; 17%FLD (demucilaged linseed meal):17% replacement PBFLD by PBOA and 35%FLD: 35% replacement PBFLD by PBOA. Over seven week, 240 juvenile jundiá (14.49 ± 1.85 g) were reared in water recirculation system and fed to apparent satiation three times a day. At the end experimental parameters were evaluated for growth, carcass, chemical composition in whole fish and digestive enzymes. The fish fed control diet had best levels of feed conversion (p 0.05), however the remainder of the growth parameters were not altered by the inclusion of FL and FLD. There were no significant differences in hepatosomatic relation (RHS) and digestivosomatic relation (RDS). Diet 35%FLD had a lower intestinal quotient (QI), moisture content and higher carcass fat, total fat deposited and activity of the enzyme trypsin. It can be concluded that the FLD and FL can be used as a substitute of meat meal to the diets in juvenile jundia feed as an alternative source and cost.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial da proteína de origem animal (PBOA) pela proteína bruta dos farelos de linhaça demucilada (PBFLD) e in natura (PBFL) na dieta de jundiás, sobre parâmetros de crescimento e enzimáticos digestivos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: dieta controle; 17%FL (farelo de linhaça in natura): 17% substituição da PBOA pela PBFL; 17%FLD (farelo de linhaça demucilada): 17% substituição da PBOA pela PBFLD e 35%FLD: 35% de substituição da PBOA pela PBFLD. Durante sete semanas, 240 juvenis de jundiá (14,49±1,85 g) foram criados em sistema de recirculação de água e alimentados até a saciedade aparente três vezes ao dia. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento, carcaça, composição centesimal no peixe inteiro e enzimas digestivas. Os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle apresentaram melhores valores de conversão alimentar (p 0,05), no entanto, o restante dos parâmetros de crescimento não foram alterados pela inclusão dos FL e FLD. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para relação hepatosomática (RHS) e relação digestivosomática (RDS). A dieta 35%FLD apresentou menor quociente intestinal (QI), teor de umidade e maior teor de gordura da carcaça, gordura total depositada e atividade da enzima tripsina. Pode-se concluir que os FL e FLD podem ser usados como substitutos da farinha de carne

RESUMO

This study was conducted out to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of animal protein (PBOA) for crude protein demucilaged linseed meal (PBFLD) and in nature (PBFL) in the diet of jundiá on growth parameters and digestive enzyme. The treatments were: control diet; 17%FL (linseed meal in nature):17% replacement of the PBOA by PBFL; 17%FLD (demucilaged linseed meal):17% replacement PBFLD by PBOA and 35%FLD: 35% replacement PBFLD by PBOA. Over seven week, 240 juvenile jundiá (14.49 ± 1.85 g) were reared in water recirculation system and fed to apparent satiation three times a day. At the end experimental parameters were evaluated for growth, carcass, chemical composition in whole fish and digestive enzymes. The fish fed control diet had best levels of feed conversion (p 0.05), however the remainder of the growth parameters were not altered by the inclusion of FL and FLD. There were no significant differences in hepatosomatic relation (RHS) and digestivosomatic relation (RDS). Diet 35%FLD had a lower intestinal quotient (QI), moisture content and higher carcass fat, total fat deposited and activity of the enzyme trypsin. It can be concluded that the FLD and FL can be used as a substitute of meat meal to the diets in juvenile jundia feed as an alternative source and cost.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da substituição parcial da proteína de origem animal (PBOA) pela proteína bruta dos farelos de linhaça demucilada (PBFLD) e in natura (PBFL) na dieta de jundiás, sobre parâmetros de crescimento e enzimáticos digestivos. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: dieta controle; 17%FL (farelo de linhaça in natura): 17% substituição da PBOA pela PBFL; 17%FLD (farelo de linhaça demucilada): 17% substituição da PBOA pela PBFLD e 35%FLD: 35% de substituição da PBOA pela PBFLD. Durante sete semanas, 240 juvenis de jundiá (14,49±1,85 g) foram criados em sistema de recirculação de água e alimentados até a saciedade aparente três vezes ao dia. Ao final do experimento foram avaliados parâmetros de crescimento, carcaça, composição centesimal no peixe inteiro e enzimas digestivas. Os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle apresentaram melhores valores de conversão alimentar (p 0,05), no entanto, o restante dos parâmetros de crescimento não foram alterados pela inclusão dos FL e FLD. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para relação hepatosomática (RHS) e relação digestivosomática (RDS). A dieta 35%FLD apresentou menor quociente intestinal (QI), teor de umidade e maior teor de gordura da carcaça, gordura total depositada e atividade da enzima tripsina. Pode-se concluir que os FL e FLD podem ser usados como substitutos da farinha de carne

RESUMO

The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of adding a commercial multi-enzyme complex to conventional and alternative broiler diets on the immune response and occurrence of lesions in the intestinal mucosa. In total, 900 male broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized design, with six treatments of six replicates each. Two control diets were formulated: one with conventional feedstuffs (T1), based on corn and soybean meal, and one with alternative feedstuffs (T4), containing corn, millet, and soybean, canola and sunflower meals. Based on these diets, other four were prepared with reduced metabolizable energy, digestible amino acids, calcium and available phosphorus levels and the addition (T3 and T6) or not (T2 and T5) of a multi-enzyme complex. Broilers fed diets based on conventional feedstuffs had higher levels of defense cells compared with those fed diets that included millet with canola and sunflower meals. On the other hand, the use of enzymes in conventional or alternative diets decreased the number of these cells in the ileal mucosa.

RESUMO

Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da suplementação do complexo enzimático Endopower bÒ, composto de a-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e beta-glucanase e da forma física da ração sobre o desempenho e as características de carcaça de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 1488 frangos de corte machos, distribuídos num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, oito tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de rações à base de milho e de farelo de soja, sem adição de enzimas ou com 200 ou 400 g de enzimas por tonelada de ração e duas formas físicas (farelada e peletizada). Dois tratamentos adicionais continham dieta basal farelada com energias do milho e farelo de soja valorados em 2 e 9 por cento, respectivamente e digestibilidade de aminoácidos valorados em 4 por cento para ambos ingredientes, sendo um tratamento sem adição de enzimas e outro com a adição de 200 g por tonelada de ração. O desempenho foi avaliado de 1 a 21 dias e 1 a 42 dias de idade das aves. Houve efeito da suplementação enzimática no consumo de ração, nos dois períodos avaliados (P<0,05), o qual reduziu linearmente. A conversão alimentar melhorou (P<0,05) no período de 1-21 dias. O teor de gordura abdominal aumentou linearmente (P<0,05). Houve interação entre suplementação enzimática e forma física da ração na conversão alimentar (P<0,01) e ganho de peso (P<0,05) no período de 1-42 dias, sendo a forma peletizada sem enzimas a que proporcionou melhor desempenho (P<0,05). O ganho de peso de 1-21 dias e o rendimento de carcaça foram superiores nas aves recebendo ração peletizada (P<0,05). A valoração do milho e do farelo de soja não afetou o desempenho (P>0,05) dos frangos de corte 1-21 dias de idade.

A study was conducted in order to verify the effect of enzyme supplementation (EndopowerbÒ, based on de alpha-galactosidase, galactomanase, xilanase e beta-glucanase) and feeding different physical forms of diets on performance and carcass yield of broilers from 1 to 42 dais old. A total of 1488 broilers chickens, 8 treatments, 6 replicates and 31 broilers per experimental unit plot were fed with diets based on corn and soybean, with enzyme supplementation 200 or 400g for ton. and without enzymes supplementation and two physical forms (meal and pelleted ). Two additional basal diets with the energetic values of corn and soybean meal valued in 2 and 9 percent respectively and digestibilidade of amino acids digestibility valued in 4 percent by using one treatment with no enzyme supplementation and another one with enzyme supplementation of 200g/ton. Two periods 1-21 and 22-42 days old were evaluated. Reduced feed intake were observed in linear way (P<0.05) by the enzyme supplementation (P<0.05) in two periods. Broilers fed diets supplemented showed better feed conversion in the period of 1-21 days (P<0.05). Percentage of abdominal fat increased linearly with the increase of the supplementation level of enzyme (P<0.05). The interaction between enzyme supplementation and physical form was significant (P<0.05) for weight gain (P<0.05) and feed conversion (P<0.01) in the period of 1-42 days old . Pelleted diets showed better weight gain in the 1- 21 days (P<0.05). The pelleted diet improved performance to the broilers fed diets without enzyme supplementation (P<0.05). The carcass yield and weight gain in the period of 121 days were better in broilers fed pelleted diets (P<0.05). ). The valued energetic data of corn and soybean meal shown any difference (P>0.05) on the broiler performance from 1 to 21 days old.