RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Helicobacter pylori gastric infection strongly correlates with gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, functional dyspepsia, and complications such as peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In developing countries, systemic therapies are not usually successful due to elevated antibiotic resistance. Additionally, oral H. pylori infection and periodontal disease correlate with gastric treatment failures. This study aimed to explore the effect of an integral therapy, comprising oral hygiene and concomitant systemic treatment, to increase the eradication of gastric infection and recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, four-arm, parallel-group, open-label clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of integral therapy to eradicate gastric H. pylori infection and avoid recurrences in double-positive (real-time PCR oral and gastric infection) patients. Oral hygiene involved mouthwash with neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), with or without periodontal treatment. One hundred patients were equally distributed into four groups: NS, NS-PT, NEW, and NEW-PT. All patients had concomitant systemic therapy and additionally, the following oral treatments: mouthwash with normal saline (NS), periodontal treatment and mouthwash with normal saline (NS-PT), mouthwash with NEW (NEW), and periodontal treatment and mouthwash with NEW (NEW-PT). Gastric and oral infection and symptoms were evaluated one and four months after treatments. RESULTS: Integral therapy with NEW-PT increased gastric eradication rates compared with NS or NS-PT (84%-96% vs. 20%-56%; p < 0.001). Even more, a protective effect of 81.2% (RR = 0.1877; 95% CI: 0.0658-0.5355; p = 0.0018) against recurrences and 76.6% (RR = 0.2439; 95% CI: 0.1380-0.4310; p < 0.001) against treatment failure (eradication of infection and associated symptoms) was observed in patients from the NEW and NEW-PT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of oral hygiene and systemic treatment can increase the eradication of gastric infection, associated symptoms, and recurrences. NEW is recommended as an antiseptic mouthwash due to its efficacy and short- and long-term safety.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Antissépticos Bucais , Higiene Bucal , Humanos , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/efeitos dos fármacos , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Feminino , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Antissépticos Bucais/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Recidiva , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Idoso , Terapia CombinadaRESUMO
Chicken is one of the most consumed meats in the world because it is an economical protein source with a low fat content. Its conservation is important to maintain safety along the cold chain. In the present study, the effect of Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) at 55.73 ppm was evaluated on contaminated chicken meat with Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7, which was stored in refrigerated conditions. The present study was carried out to check whether the application of NEW can help to preserve chicken breasts without affecting its sensory characteristics. Chicken quality was measured by analyzing physicochemical properties (pH, color, lactic acid, total volatile basic nitrogen, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content) after bactericidal intervention. This work includes a sensory study to determine if its use affects the organoleptic properties of the meat. The results showed that in the in vitro assay, NEW and NaClO, achieved bacterial count reductions of >6.27 and 5.14 Log10 CFU for E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, respectively, even though, in the in situ challenge, they showed a bacterial decrease of 1.2 and 0.33 Log10 CFU/chicken breast in contaminated chicken breasts with E. coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, respectively, after 8 days of storage, and NaClO treatment did not cause bacterial reduction. Nonetheless, NEW and NaClO did not cause lipid oxidation and nor did they affect lactic acid production, and they also slowed meat decomposition caused by biogenic amines. Sensory results showed that chicken breast characteristics like appearance, smell, and texture were not affected after NEW treatment, and obtained results showed that NEW could be used during chicken meat processing due to the chicken physicochemical stability. However, more studies are still needed.
RESUMO
Resumen Las lesiones por loxoscelismo cutáneo pueden complicarse con infecciones concomitantes debido a que el diagnóstico es presuntivo y no existe un esquema de tratamiento específico. Las soluciones electrolizadas de superoxidación de pH neutro (SES) han mostrado ser eficaces en el tratamiento de lesiones cutáneas severas por sus efectos antisépticos y de regeneración del tejido, por lo que podrían ser un método de curación para las lesiones por loxoscelismo cutáneo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente del sexo masculino, de 73 años, cardiópata, diagnosticado con loxoscelismo cutáneo en el tobillo izquierdo que recibió tratamiento convencional de antibióticos, antiinflamatorios, antihistamínicos y analgésicos, y fue dado de alta. Sin embargo, la lesión evolucionó y fue tratada de manera casera con remedios tradicionales; esta se extendió 360° y presentaba exudado fétido al momento en que decidió regresar al hospital. En la clínica de heridas se optó por manejar la lesión en primera instancia con lavados con SES y desbridamiento, seguido de lavados con SES y apósitos de gel SES 3 veces al día, por 3 días, logrando el control de la infección en este tiempo. Posteriormente, con el régimen basado en la aplicación de SES cada 48 horas, se observó la aparición del tejido de granulación al día 7, y la reepitelización en el día 45 de iniciado el abordaje con SES; el cierre total de la lesión se logró el día 67. El esquema de tratamiento basado en el uso de soluciones electrolizadas de superoxidación de pH neutro mostró ser eficaz en el control de la infección y en la inducción del proceso de regeneración del tejido que llevó al cierre de la herida sin complicaciones para el paciente.
Abstract Cutaneous loxoscelism wounds can be complicated by concomitant infections because the diagnosis is presumptive and there is no specific treatment scheme. Neutral electrolyzed water (SES) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of severe skin lesions due to their antiseptic and tissue regeneration effects and could therefore be a healing method for skin loxoscelism lesions. We present the case of a 73-year-old male patient with heart disease, diagnosed with cutaneous loxoscelism in the left ankle, who received conventional treatment of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, antihistaminics, and analgesics. He was discharged. However, the injury developed and was treated at home with traditional remedies. It extended 360° and presented a fetid exudate at the time he decided to return to the hospital. In the clinic it was decided to manage the lesion in the first instance with washes with SES and debridement, followed by washes with SES and SES gel dressings three times a day for 3 days, achieving control of the infection at that moment. Subsequently, with the regimen based on the application of SES every 48 hours, the appearance of granulation tissue was observed on day 7, and re-epithelialization on day 45 after starting the SES approach, the total closure of the lesion was achieved on day 67. The treatment scheme based on the use of neutral electrolyzed water proved to be effective in controlling the infection and in inducing the tissue-generation process that led to the closure of the wound without complications for the patient.
RESUMO
The worldwide efforts that healthcare professionals are making in the COVID-19 pandemic is well known, and the high risk of illness and death that front-line staff experience on a daily basis is a reality, despite well-defined protocols for the use of personal protective equipment. In addition, it is well known that vaccination is still faraway to be achieved worldwide and that new variants are emerging, thus additional protective measures must be explored. A prospective open-label randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on front-line medical staff from the Dr. Enrique Cabrera General Hospital in México City to evaluate the effectiveness of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal rinses with a neutral electrolyzed water, known as SES, to reduce the risk of COVID-19 disease among front-line, not vaccinated medical staff. A total of 170 volunteers were enrolled and equally divided in a control group and SES group. All members of the trial wore the adequate personal protection equipment at all times while performing their duties, as required by standard COVID-19 safety protocols. Additionally, the SES group participants followed a prophylactic protocol with SES (oral and nasal rinses, three times a day for 4 weeks). All participants were monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and disease in a time-frame of 4 weeks and the incidence of illness per group was registered. The relative risk of disease, associated with each treatment was calculated. The presence of COVID-19-positive cases, in the group that received the nasal and oral rinses with SES was 1.2%, while in the group that did not do the SES rinses (control group), it was 12.7% (P=0.0039 and RR=0.09405; 95% CI of 0.01231-0.7183). The prophylactic protocol was demonstrated as a protective factor, in more than 90%, for developing the disease, and without adverse effects. Nasal and oral rinses with SES may be an efficient alternative to reinforce the protective measures against COVID-19 disease and should be further investigated. The present clinical trial was retrospectively registered in the Cuban public registry of clinical trials (RPCEC) database (March 16, 2021; PREVECOVID-19: RPCEC00000357).
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to assess the antifungal effectiveness of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) to inhibit the spore germination of post-harvest fungi common in fruits, determine the required available chlorine concentration (ACC) of NEW and to compare it with copper oxychloride (CO) and sterile distilled water (SDW) in vitro. This study evaluated the biological effectiveness of NEW to inactivate pure cultures of 11 different fungi obtained from post-harvest tropical fruits with anthracnose, rottenness or necrosis symptoms. A conidial solution of 1 × 104 spores/mL per culture was prepared and treated with a low, medium and high ACC of NEW (pH 7.0 ± 0.05, 12, 33 and 53 mg/L of ACC and ORP of 850 mV), CO at 0.3 g/L, or sterile distilled water as a control, for 3-, 5- and 10-min contact time. Spore germination of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium australiense, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. siamense, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae was inhibited in 100% by NEW at 12, 33 and 53 ppm ACC; 3,5 and 10 min contact time. Aspergillus niger and A. tamarii required 53 mg/L ACC to inhibit 100% of spore germination. NEW at 33 and 12 mg/L inhibited around 50% and <25% of A. niger spore germination, respectively. NEW at 53 mg/L ACC was the most efficient treatment against Rhizopus stolonifer but only inhibited spore germination in â¼25%. CO inhibited spore germination by 100% of A. alternata, B. cinerea, C. australiense, C. gloeosporioides, C. siamense and L. theobromae. However, CO inhibited <25% of spore germination of F. solani, F. oxysporum, A. niger, A. tamarii and R. stolonifer. NEW and CO had a significant effect on every fungus compared to a SDW treatment. SDW was the least effective treatment, followed by CO. NEW at 12 mg/L and 33 mg/L ACC were equally effective in eliminating the fungi, and more effective than CO. NEW at a concentration of 53 mg/L ACC was the most effective treatment. Results obtained in this study show that NEW has effectively inhibited spore germination of these species, and this treatment could be used as a substitute an ecological novel alternative to CO to avoid spore growth in the above-mentioned fruits.
RESUMO
Neutral Electrolyzed Water (NEW) was tested in vitro and on artificially contaminated eggs against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica or Escherichia coli. The antibacterial effect was measured 30â¯s after treatment. NEW microbicide activity results were compared against 2% citric acid and 0.9% saline solutions. NEW caused an in vitro decrease in Salmonella titers by Ë5.56 Log10 CFU mL-1 and in artificially contaminated eggs by Ë1.45 Log10 CFU/egg. When it was tested against E. coli, it decreased in vitro bacterial titers by Ë3.28 Log10 CFU mL-1 and on artificially contaminated eggs by Ë6.39 Log10 CFU/egg. The 2% citric acid solution caused an in vitro decrease of 0.4 Log10 CFU mL-1 of Salmonella and E. coli and on eggs artificially contaminated with E. coli or Salmonella there was a decrease of 0.06 and 0.62 Log10 CFU/egg respectively. We evaluated egg cuticle integrity by scanning electron microscopy after treatments with evaluated solutions; the 2% citric acid solution caused damage to the cuticle and exposed eggshell pores and no interaction of NEW or NaCl with the cuticle was observed. NEW treatment showed a fast-bactericidal effect in vitro and table eggs.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Casca de Ovo/microbiologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Água/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/química , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Casca de Ovo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovos/microbiologia , Eletrólise , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Salmonella enterica/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Água/químicaRESUMO
Different in vitro and in silico approaches from our research group have demonstrated that neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) can be used to detoxify aflatoxins. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of NEW to detoxify B-aflatoxins (AFB1 and AFB2) in contaminated maize and to confirm detoxification in an in vivo experimental model. Batches of aflatoxin-contaminated maize were detoxified with NEW and mixed in commercial feed. A total of 240 6-day-old female large white Nicholas-700 turkey poults were randomly divided into four treatments of six replicates each (10 turkeys per replicate), which were fed ad libitum for two weeks with the following dietary treatments: (1) control feed containing aflatoxin-free maize (CONTROL); (2) feed containing the aflatoxin-contaminated maize (AF); (3) feed containing the aflatoxin-contaminated maize detoxified with NEW (AF + NEW); and (4) control feed containing aflatoxin-free maize treated with NEW (NEW). Compared to the control groups, turkey poults of the AF group significantly reduced body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio and mortality rate; whereas turkey poults of the AF + NEW group did not present significant differences on productive parameters. In addition, alterations in serum biochemical constituents, enzyme activities, relative organ weight, gross morphological changes and histopathological studies were significantly mitigated by the aflatoxin-detoxification procedure. From these results, it is concluded that the treatment of aflatoxin-contaminated maize with NEW provided reasonable protection against the effects caused by aflatoxins in young turkey poults.
Assuntos
Descontaminação/métodos , Micotoxicose , Perus , Aflatoxinas/metabolismo , Aflatoxinas/toxicidade , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Aspergillus flavus/isolamento & purificação , Aspergillus flavus/metabolismo , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Bolsa de Fabricius/efeitos dos fármacos , Bolsa de Fabricius/patologia , Eletrólise , Feminino , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Micotoxicose/metabolismo , Micotoxicose/patologia , Micotoxicose/veterinária , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/patologia , Perus/sangue , Perus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Água , Zea mays/microbiologiaRESUMO
Theoretical studies of 8-chloro-9-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1 (2) were carried out by Density Functional Theory (DFT). This molecule is the reaction product of the treatment of aflatoxin B1 (1) with hypochlorous acid, from neutral electrolyzed water. Determination of the structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the reaction product allowed its theoretical characterization. In order to elucidate the formation process of 2, two reaction pathways were evaluated-the first one considering only ionic species (Cl⺠and OH(-)) and the second one taking into account the entire hypochlorous acid molecule (HOCl). Both pathways were studied theoretically in gas and solution phases. In the first suggested pathway, the reaction involves the addition of chlorenium ion to 1 forming a non-classic carbocation assisted by anchimeric effect of the nearest aromatic system, and then a nucleophilic attack to the intermediate by the hydroxide ion. In the second studied pathway, as a first step, the attack of the double bond from the furanic moiety of 1 to the hypochlorous acid is considered, accomplishing the same non-classical carbocation, and again in the second step, a nucleophilic attack by the hydroxide ion. In order to validate both reaction pathways, the atomic charges, the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were obtained for both substrate and product. The corresponding data imply that the C9 atom is the more suitable site of the substrate to interact with the hydroxide ion. It was demonstrated by theoretical calculations that a vicinal and anti chlorohydrin is produced in the terminal furan ring. Data of the studied compound indicate an important reduction in the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the target molecule, as demonstrated previously by our research group using different in vitro assays.